JMS, Vol. 58, No. 6, 2022
GEOMECHANICS
USING SURFACE WAVES FOR MONITORING ROCK MASS CONDITION AROUND UNDERGROUND OPENINGS AND STRUCTURES
M. V. Kurlenya, V. V. Skazka, A. V. Azarov, A. S. Serdyukov, and A. V. Patutin
Chinakal Institute of Mining, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630091 Russia
e-mail: vskazka@gmail.com
Sobolev Institute of Mathematics, Novosibirsk, 630090 Russia
Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, 630090 Russia
Trofimuk Institute of Petroleum Geology and Geophysics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences,
Novosibirsk, 630090 Russia
The authors discuss applicability of phase characteristics of surface waves in monitoring of underground openings and tunnels. The mathematical model of surface wave propagation along extended cavities is presented. The properties of the numerical solutions obtained using the model are analyzed, including the amplitude and frequency characteristics, and the phase and group velocities of the waves. It is possible to recover elastic properties of a medium using the dispersion curves of the phase velocities. The data of numerical modeling of surface wave propagation along cavities of different geometry using the method of finite spectral elements are presented. The calculated results of the axisymmetrical and three-dimensional problems of surface wave propagation along cavities are studied.
Seismic monitoring, underground structures, tunnels, surface waves, rock behavior control, phase characteristics of surface waves
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739122060011
REFERENCES
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DETERMINATION OF RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF BISCHOFITE FROM TRIAXIAL TESTS
Yu. V. Osipov and A. S. Voznesensky
National University of Science and Technology—MISIS, Moscow, 119991 Russia
e-mail: yuhanna@list.ru
Gazprom geotekhnologii LLC, Moscow, 117105 Russia
e-mail: aL48@mail.ru
Bischofite rock samples from a well at the Vologda underground gas storage are subjected to rheological tests. The time curves of deformation are plotted at different axial and lateral stresses. A viscoelastic phenomenological model is proposed, and the equation to describe these dependences is obtained. Being developed and algorithmically implemented, the experimental data interpretation procedure allows determining rheological characteristics of test rocks at different stress ratios. It is found that rheological properties of bischofite weakly depend on depth.
Bischofite, rheological properties, complex stress state, viscoelastic model, laboratory tests
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739122060023
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KENTOBE PITWALL STABILITY ESTIMATION USING. A. DIGITAL GEOLOGICAL–GEOMECHANICAL MODEL
F. K. Nizametdinov, V. D. Baryshnikov, and A. O. Oralbay
Abylkas Saginov Karaganda Technical University,
Karaganda, 100012 Kazakhstan
e-mail: oralbay_aldiyar@mail.ru
Chinakal Institute of Mining, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630091 Russia
e-mail: v-baryshnikov@yandex.ru
The implementation stages of ground laser scanning of an open pit field and the obtained data processing in Maptek I-Site Studio are discussed as a case-study of Kentobe open pit mine of iron ore. The procedure of a digital geological–geomechanical model is described; the framework is a set of spatial points obtained from the laser scanning. The model enables a detailed study of geological structure of the pitwall rock mass, with regard to the structure and tectonics, as well as the physical and mechanical properties of rocks. Using the developed model, the authors estimated the pitwall stability and substantiated safe slope parameters for deeper mining.
Pitwall rock mass, reference point, rock scanner, laser scanning, geological–geomechanical model, safety factor
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739122060035
REFERENCES
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CORRELATION OF SCHMIDT HAMMER REBOUND NUMBER AND POINT LOAD INDEX WITH COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF SEDIMENTARY, IGNEOUS AND METAMORPHIC ROCKS
N. Abbas, K. G. Li, Nas. Abbas, and R. Ali
Faculty of Land Resource Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology,
Kunming, Yunnan, 650093 China
e-mail: likegang_78@163.com
Department of Mining Engineering, Karakoram International University Gilgit, Pakistan
To predict uniaxial compressive strength using the indirect techniques of the Schmidt hammer rebound number (N) and Point Load Index (PLI), it is required to have valid empirical equations based on rock types. This study is an attempt to address this issue by developing a model that is valid for various rock types. Three models, i.e. linear, power and quadratic, were tested on each rock type (sedimentary, ingenious and metamorphic). The highest correlation was achieved by the quadratic model. The generalized model showed the lowest correlation as against the individual models.
Uniaxial compressive strength, point load index, Schmidt hammer, rock types, correlation
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739122060047
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STRESS STATE OF SUPPORT SYSTEM IN TEMPORARY ROADWAY IN UNSTABLE ROCK MASS
V. M. Seryakov and A. A. Krasnovsky
Chinakal Institute of Mining, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences,
Novosibirsk, 630091 Russia
e-mail: vser@misd.ru
The authors estimate stress state in the support system and in rocks nearby a roadway driven in unstable rock mass and when the voids and cavities in the roadway roof are filled with hardening foam. The calculation includes an assumption that the support system, rocks and the hardening foam deform elastically. The stress distribution in the support system is determined at different heights of the rock cavity in the roof rocks in the roadway and at different initial stress state of rocks. The zones of potentially hazardous stress concentration in the support system are identified.
Rock mass, roadway, support system, unstable rocks, stress concentration, stress–strain behavior, void behind support
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739122060059
REFERENCES
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ROCK FAILURE
ACOUSTIC AND SEISMIC EMISSION IN HYDRAULIC FRACTURING OF CEMENT BLOCK UNDER LOADING
S. V. Serdyukov, L. A. Rybalkin, A. N. Drobchik, and V. I. Vostrikov
Chinakal Institute of Mining, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences,
Novosibirsk, 630091 Russia
e-mail: ss3032@yandex.ru
The article describes the lab-scale testing data on acoustic and seismic emission generated in hydraulic fracturing of a cement block under volumetric loading by nonequal stresses. The connection of the acoustic and seismic emission with the rate of injection of power fluid and the change in the fluid pressure in the course of the fracture initiation, growth and arrest is demonstrated. The authors recommend on improvement of receiving equipment and on using the research findings in the hydraulic fracturing control.
Rock mass, underground opening, stress state, hydraulic fracturing, physical modeling, laboratory experiment, acoustic and seismic emission, power fluid pressure, measurement equipment
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739122060060
REFERENCES
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12. Serdyukov, S.V. and Azarov, A.V., Excitation of Seismic Vibrations in Fractures by Water Flow and Determination of the Flow Parameters Using Seismic Radiation Patterns, Journal of Mining Science, 2021, vol. 57, no. 5, pp. 728–739.
13. Azarov, A.V., Serdyukov, A.S., and Yablokov, A.V., Methods of the Focal Mechanism Determination of Microsesimic Events Based on Modeling Full Wave Fields in Horizontally Stratified Media, Mining Informational and Analytical Bulletin—GIAB, 2016, no. 10., pp. 131–143.
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TRIGGER EFFECT IN IMPACT FRACTURE OF GRANITE SAMPLE UNDER UNIAXIAL COMPRESSION
I. P. Shcherbakov, Kh. F. Makhmudov, and A. E. Chmel’
Ioffe Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint-Petersburg, 194021 Russia
e-mail: chmel@mail.ioffe.ru
This study focuses on an impact wave generated in a uniaxially compressed granite sample by a pendulum hammer in the direction transversal to compression. The pressure was varied from zero to a pre-destructive value. Microcracking during impacts was recorded using the method of acoustic emission (AE). The energy distribution in the time series of AE pulses followed an exponential law both in the unloaded and in the statically loaded samples. The first impacts induced local damage with a splash in AE from small cracks which, under subsequent impacts, coalesced and initiated redistribution of larger microdamages. In generation of an impact wave in a sample under pre-limiting compression, the surface of the induced main crack exceeds the area of the local damages by a few orders of magnitude, which is typical of the trigger effects which lead to large-scale fractures under external impacts at a safe-density energy.
Granite fracture, trigger effect, compression load, impact load, acoustic emission
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739122060072
REFERENCES
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EFFECT OF DISCONTINUITIES ON ELASTIC WAVE VELOCITIES IN HIGH-STRESS ROCK SAMPLES: EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH USING ULTRASONIC INTERFEROMETRY
P. V. Nikolenko and M. G. Zaitsev
National University of Science and Technology—NUST MISIS, Moscow, 119049 Moscow
e-mail: p.nikolenko@misis.ru
The scope of the experimental research embraces velocities of elastic waves in rock samples before and after formation of a horizontal main crack. In undamaged samples, there is no essential change in the elastic wave velocity as the axial pressure increases from 0 to 20 MPa. The main crack having its surfaces approaching gradually leads to the increase in the elastic wave velocity. Aimed to improve sensibility of kinematic ultrasonic parameters relative to mechanical stresses, the coda wave interferometry algorithm is implemented as an analysis of times of the first arrivals of multiply scattered waves. With the mentioned algorithm, sensibility of the ultrasonic control grows considerably even in uniform samples.
Stress–strain behavior, rocks, ultrasound, coda wave, crack, control
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739122060084
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DESIGNING BLAST PATTERN FOR PITWALL ROCK MASS
S. N. Zharikov and V. A. Kutuev
Institute of Mining, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Yekaterinburg, 620075 Russia
e-mail: 333vista@mail.ru
The article describes the decision-making concept for the systemic blasting in open pit mining at structurally complex mineral deposits. The authors discuss approaches to determining allowable seismic impact in rocks having different strength characteristics.
Rock fracture, blasting, perimeter blasting, slot raise, jointing, higher permeability zones, explosion seismics, drilling-and-blasting technology adaptation
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739122060096
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11. Zharikov, S.N. and Kutuev, V.A., About Order of Comprehensive Solving the Seismic and Pre-Splitting Issues for Drill-and-Blasting Open-Pits, Trigger Effects in Geosystems: Proc. 5th Int. Conf., Moscow: Springer Nature, 2019, pp. 437–445.
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EXPERIENCE OF DRILLING-AND-BLASTING IN DIAMOND FIELDS IN YAKUTIA
S. V. Kovalevich, I. V. Zyryanov, and V. I. Chernobay
Yakutniproalmaz Institute, ALROSA, Mirny, Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), 678174 Russia
e-mail: institute-yna@alrosa.ru
Polytechnical Institute—Division, Ammosov North-Eastern Federal University,
Mirny, Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), 678174 Russia
Saint-Petersburg Mining University, Saint-Petersburg, 199106 Russia
e-mail: chernobay_vi@pers.spmi.ru
The article describes semi-commercial testing of different technologies and facilities which ensure the required level of mining efficiency and quality of diamond-bearing ore. The use of the column charge explosives with radial clearance and air-split emulsion explosives allows stress state control in rock mass and reduces zones of high risk of crystal damage. The chain charge explosives appear to be a clever engineering idea for difficult mining conditions. The authors review the modern methods of drilling-and-blasting at mining sites of ALROSA.
Mine, open pit mine, kimberlite ore, explosive rupture, detonation velocity, slot raise, grain size composition, stemming, locking arrangement, charge formation, impact wave attenuation, radial clearance, holding device, wet boreholes
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739122060102
REFERENCES
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DEVELOPMENT OF SEISMIC ACTIVITY ZONES IN UNDERMINED ROCK MASS IN HYBRID OPENCAST/UNDERGROUND MINING IN KIROVSK MINE
I. E. Semenova, S. A. Zhukova, and O. G. Zhuravleva
Institute of Mining, Kola Science Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Apatity, 184209 Russia
e-mail: i.semenova@ksc.ru
The seismic activity in undermined rock mass in a mine at the Khibiny Massif is analyzed over the period from 2008 to 2020. The influences on deformation, tensile fracturing and caving in undermined rock mass are revealed. Three zones of deformation of different nature and velocity are identified in undermined rock mass in Kirovsk Mine: the zone at the juncture of underground and opencast mining; the zone of overhanging rocks; the zone of two- and three-side buttress at the edges of operating deposits. It is found that mining with head-on fronts, with formation of a support pillar and with overhanging of an uncaved rock mass beam is adverse. The pillar collapses later on and deformation of the pillar-supported rock mass during breaking of the butt section on sublevels occurs in the dynamic mode with high seismic activity both in terms of the number of seismic events and their energy emission. It is found that the width of the seismic activity band and the caving pitch of the overhang depend on the height of undermined rock mass.
Geodynamic risk control, stress–strain behavior, close-spaced deposits, large-scale mining, numerical modeling, tectonic-stress rock mass, seismic monitoring
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739122060114
REFERENCES
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2. Lipin, Ya.I. and Krinitsyn, R.V., Live Issues of Stress Estimation in Rockburst Hazard Prediction at the Current Stage, Sovr. Probl. Mekh., 2018, no. 33 (3), pp. 410–418.
3. Rasskazov, M.I., Gladyr’, A.V., Tereshkin, A.A., Tsoi, D.I., and Vasyanovich, Yu.A., Experimental Rockburst Hazard Research at Rasvumchorr Deposit Using Special Devices, Mining Informational and Analytical Bulletin—GIAB, 2019, no. S30, pp. 98–105.
4. Eremenko, A.A., Mulev, S.N., and Shtirts, V.A., Microseismic Monitoring of Geodynamic Phenomena in Rockburst-Hazardous Mining Conditions, Journal of Mining Science, 2022, vol. 58, no. 1, pp. 10–19.
5. Smirnov, O.Yu., Natural and Induced Impacts on Rockburst Hazard Origination at Ore Deposits, Gornyi Zhurnal, 2011, no. 8, pp. 4–9.
6. Kozyrev, A.A., Semenova, I.E., Zhuravleva, O.G., and Panteleev, A.V., Hypothesis of Strong Seismic Event Origin in Rasvumchorr Mine on January 9, 2018, Mining Informational and Analytical Bulletin—GIAB, 2018, no. 12, pp. 74–83.
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16. Semenova, I.E., Zhuravleva, O.G., and Zhukova, S.A., Seismicity as an Echo of Stress– Strain Behavior Change in Rock Mass in the Course of Mining, Mining Informational and Analytical Bulletin—GIAB, 2021, no. 6, pp. 46–58.
INVESTIGATING THE USABILITY OF PYROTECHNIC ROCK BREAKER MATERIALS IN NATURAL STONE QUARRYING
A. Gunes, S. Demirdag, E. O. Demirbas, and C. O. Uner
Barla Marble Inc. Co., Isparta, Turkey
Mining Engineering Department, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences,
Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
Mining Engineering Department, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
e-mail: servetdemirdag@sdu.edu.tr
Onurtas Pyrotechnic Materials Inc. Co, Isparta, Turkey
This study describes two different methods only using “hydraulic hammer” and secondly “pyrotechnic rock breaker with hydraulic hammer” in combination used in Beige limestone quarry to find which one was the better method. The performance analyses were investigated by making in-situ measurements and observations such as unit time, unit cost, investment expenses, vibration values, sound measurements, work safety and environmental aspects approach were carried out to determine the advantages and disadvantages of these methods. In this study, the use of pyrotechnic rock breaker with hydraulic hammer method for waste rock excavation in Beige quarry was investigated for the first time and it was concluded that excavation capacity of hydraulic hammer was 52.21 m3/h after loosening of waste rock areas with pyrotechnic rock breaker and 31.61 m3/h in non-loosened areas. With the use of pyrotechnic rock breaker, the excavating performance of the hydraulic hammer had increased nearly 65%. As a result of less work of hydraulic hammer, faults were reduced, fuel consumption was decreased, operator satisfaction was increased and most importantly the lifespan of excavators was also increased about 60% in the process of excavating waste rock. Moreover, no vibration value could be recorded and minimal fly rocks were observed.
Pyrotechnic rock breaker, hydraulic hammer, waste rock, loosening pattern, environmental effects
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739122060126
REFERENCES
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3. Minh, N.N., Cao, P., and Liu, Z., Contour Blasting Parameters by Using a Tunnel Blast Design Mode, Journal of Central South University, 2021, 28:100?111. DOI: 10.1007/s11771–021–4589-x.
4. Gao, Q., Lu, W., Yan, P., Hu, H., Yang, Z., and Chen, M., Effect of Initiation Location on Distribution and Utilization of Explosion Energy During Rock Blasting, Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment 2019, 78(5): 3433–3447. DOI: 10.1007/s10064–018–1296–4.
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MINERAL MINING TECHNOLOGY
PATTERNS AND CONDITIONS OF INTERNAL DUMPING IN OPEN PIT MINING OF BRACHYSYNCLINE-TYPE COALFIELDS
V. L. Gavrilov, V. I. Cheskidov, E. A. Khoyutanov, A. V. Reznik, and N. A. Nemova
Chinakal Institute of Mining, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630091 Russia
e-mail: cheskid@misd.ru
Chersky Institute of Mining of the North, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Yakutsk, 677980 Russia
e-mail: khoiutanov@igds.ysn.ru
The authors review the application range and parameters of internal dumping in open pit mining of brachysyncline-type coalfields. Specifics of the technology is described. The factors that govern the volume of internal dumping are identified. The possible ways of increasing the volume of internal dumping are shown. The methods and means for increasing the intake capacity of internal dumps are revealed. The ecological and economic advantages of internal dumping are discussed.
Brachysyncline-type coalfields, open pit mining, overburden rocks, internal dumping, methods, environmental safety
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739122060138
REFERENCES
1. Selyukov, A.V. and Lopatkin, A.V., Organization and Procedures of Process Designs in Internal Dumping at Open Pit Mines in the Central and Northern Kuzbass, The 10th International Conference Proceedings: Modern Trends and Innovations in Science and Production, 2021, pp. 165.1–165.8.
2. Rudrajit, M. and Serkan, S., Surface Coal Mining Methods in Australia, Min. Methods, 2012, pp. 1–22.
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SUBLEVEL STOPING WITH CEMENTED PASTE BACKFILL IN WEAK ROCK MASS ZONES
V. I. Golik, O. Z. Gabaraev, and A. O. Kudrya
North Caucasus State Technological University, Vladikavkaz, 362021 Russia
e-mail: v.i.golik@mail.ru
Moscow Polytechnic University, Moscow, 107023 Russia
Chinakal Institute of Mining, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630091 Russia
For structurally complex orebodies in weak zones of enclosing rock mass, a variant of the sublevel stoping technology with cemented paste backfill is proposed. On the ground of the in-situ data, the analytical relations are constructed to determine stability of artificial roof and sidewalls in stopes. It is found that backfill possessing the uniaxial compressive strength of 3 MPa preserves stability in the course of extraction of ore from adjacent stopes and in mining on the lower lying level. The recommendations on backfilling are given.
Mineral deposit, underground mining, stress, ore, rocks, backfill, rock mass, small thickness, perimeter blasting
DOI: 10.1134/S106273912206014X
REFERENCES
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UNDERMINED ROCK FAILURE IN APATITE MINES IN KHIBINY: TOPICAL PROBLEMS
I. E. Semenova, I. M. Avetisyan, O. G. Zhuravleva, and O. V. Belogorodtsev
Mining Institute, Kola Science Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Apatity, 184209 Russia
e-mail: i.semenova@ksc.ru
The article highlights the urgency of studying processes of deformation, displacement and collapse of undermined strata at rockburst-hazardous deposits of the Khibiny Massif with regard to geomechanical and geodynamic risks. The authors analyze failure specifics in undermined strata under the action of tectonic stresses, which consists in impeding of fracturing due to subhorizontal compression. It is found that as the thickness of ore bodies decreases and their dip angle grows at great depths, the pitch of failure increases. The problems to be solved to continue extraction of apatite–nepheline ore at minimized induced risks and at the preserved economic efficiency are listed.
Tectonically-stressed rock mass, rockburst-hazardous deposits, undermined overburden rock mass failure, stress–strain behavior, seismic activity, underground mining systems
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739122060151
REFERENCES
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15. Nesterov, Yu.V. and Petrukhin, N.P., Sozdanie i razvitie mineral’no-syr’evoi bazy otechestvennoi atomnoi otraski (Creation and Increase in Mineral Resources in the National Nuclear Power Sector), Moscow: Atlant-S, 2017.
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SCIENCE OF MINING MACHINES
THERMAL PROCESSES IN ELECTROMAGNETIC PERCUSSION ASSEMBLY OF DOWNHOLE PULSE VIBRATION EXCITER
B. F. Simonov, A. O. Kordubailo, A. E. Grachev, A. A. Leutkin, and E. M. Pozdnyakova
Chinakal Institute of Mining, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences,
Novosibirsk, 630091 Russia
e-mail: Simonov_bf@mail.ru
The authors investigate thermal processes in an electromagnetic percussion assembly of a downhole pulse vibration exciter at the rated energy mode in the naturally cooled air environment and at different methods of heat energy transmission from the coil to the body. The interrelation is found between the coil and body temperature, external cooling, duty cycle and the coil–body expansion gap when it is filled with air or oil. Based on the obtained results, the duty cycle of the vibration exciter in a well is calculated when the body of the electromagnetic percussion assembly is cooled with flow water.
Body, piston, coil, electromagnet, expansion gap, average current, thermal conductivity, heat transfer
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739122060163
REFERENCES
1. Dyblenko, V.P., Marchukov, Å.Yu., Tufanov, I.À., Sharifullin, R.Ya., and Evchenko, V.S., Volnovye tekhnologii i ikh ispolzovanie pri razrabotke mestorozhdenii nefti s trudnoizvlekayemymi zapasami. Kn. 1 (Wave Technologies and their Use in the Exploitation of Oil Fields with Poorly Recoverable Reserves. Book 1), Moscow: RAEN, 2012.
2. Oparin, V.N., Simonov, B.F., Yushkin, V.F., Vostrikov, V.I., Pogarskii, Yu.V. and Nazarov, L.A., Geomekhanicheskie i tekhnicheskie osnovy uvelicheniya nefteotdachi plastov v vibrovolnovykh tekhnologiyakh (Geomechanical and Engineering Foundations of Enhanced Oil Recovery in Vibrowave Technologies), Novosibirsk: Nauka, 2010.
3. Kurlenya, Ì.V., Pen’kovskii, V.I., Savchenko, À.V., Evstigneev, D.S., and Korsakova, N.Ê., Development of Method for Stimulating Oil Inflow to the Well during Field Exploitation, Journal of Mining Science, 2018, vol. 54, no. 3, pp. 414–422.
4. Kordubailo, À.Î. and Simonov, B.F., Downhole Periodic Electromagnetic Seismic Source Designs, Journal of Mining Science, 2020, vol. 56, no. 5, pp. 810–817.
5. Simonov, B.F., Kordubailo, À.Î., Neiman, V.Yu., and Polishchuk, À.Å., Processes in Linear Pulse Electromagnetic Motors of Downhole Vibration Generators, Journal of Mining Science, 2018, vol. 54, no. 1, pp. 61–68.
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7. Zhukovsky, V.S., Osnovy teorii teploperedachi (Fundamentals of Thermal Transmission Theory), Leningrad: Energiya, 1969.
8. Zalesskii, À.Ì. and Kukekov, G.À., Teplovye raschety elektricheskikh apparatov (Thermal Calculations of Electrical Machines), Leningrad: Energiya, 1967.
9. Filippov, I.F., Teploobmen v elektricheskikh mashinakh (Heat Exchange in Electrical Machines), Leningrad: Energoatomizdat, 1986.
MINERAL DRESSING
POTENTIAL FOR IMPROVEMENT OF FLUORITE CONCENTRATE QUALITY IN REPROCESSING OF MANMADE MATERIALS
L. A. Kienko, O. V. Voronova, and S. A. Kondrat’ev
Khabarovsk Federal Research Center, Far East Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences,
Khabarovsk, 680000 Russia
e-mail: kienkola@rambler.ru
Chinakal Institute of Mining, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences,
Novosibirsk, 630091 Russia
e-mail: kondr@misd.ru
The authors discuss concentration of fluorite from waste at Yaroslavskaya Mining Company. The waste accumulated in the tailings storage for the long operating period contain 11.6–20.7% of fluorite. Old tailings have specific process properties because the initial ore has experienced certain physicochemical treatment during primary processing, and owing to long storage. The package of balanced effects which ensure selective recovery of fluorite is substantiated. The obtained concentrates contain up to 95% CaF2. Production of fluorite concentrates at maximal removal of silicon dioxide, which is a strictly restricted impurity, is discussed. The ways of improving the processing circuit are proposed, and the efficiency of electrochemical treatment of the pulp fluid phase at the final stages of recleaning is proved. It is found to be possible to reduce the silicon dioxide content of the concentrates to 1.25–0.99%.
Manmade materials, fine dissemination, fluorite, flotation, shielding coating, micaceous impurities, fine milling, electrolysis
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739122060175
REFERENCES
1. Kienko, L.À. and Voronova, Î.V., On the Problem of Expanding Raw Material Base for the Production of Fluorite Concentrates in Primorye Territory, Gornyi Zhurnal, 2015, no.2, pp. 69–71.
2. Chanturia, V.À. and Shadrunova, I.V., Innovations in Deep and Environmentally Safe Processing of Manmade Raw Materials in the Context of New Technological Challenges, Problems of Comprehensive and Environmentally Safe Processing of Natural and Manmade Minerals: Proc. Int. Meeting (Plaksin’s Lectures), Vladikavkaz, 2021.
3. Gorlova, Î.Å. and Shadrunova, I.V., Development of Methodological Foundations and Justification of Parameters for Resource-Saving Environmentally Oriented Processing of Mining and Industrial Waste Using Combined Technologies, Problems of Comprehensive and Environmentally Safe Processing of Natural and Manmade Minerals: Proc. of Int. Meeting (Plaksin’s Lectures), Vladikavkaz, 2021.
4. Kienko, L.À., Voronova, Î.V., and Kondrat’ev, S.À., Effect of Composition of Grouped Collectors on Flotation of Mining Waste at Yaroslavskaya Mining Company, Journal of Mining Science, 2021, vol. 57, no. 4, pp. 674–680.
5. Kondrat’ev, S.À., Rostovtsev, V.I., and Kovalenko, Ê.À., Development of Environmentally Safe Technologies for Comprehensive Processing of Rebellious Ores and Manmade Waste, Gornyi Zhurnal, 2020, no. 5, pp. 39–46.
6. Kienko, L.À., Samatova, L.À., Voronova, Î.V., and Plyusnina, L.N., The Use of Collector Mixtures in Flotation of Finely Disseminated Carbonate-Fluorite Ores, Obogashchenie Rud, 2009, no. 3, pp. 25–28.
7. Shepeta, Å.D., Ignatkina, V.À., Kondrat’ev, S.À., and Samatova, L.À., Flotation of Calcium Minerals with Combination of Reagents of Different Molecular Structure, Journal of Mining Science, 2019, vol. 55, no. 6, pp. 970–983.
8. Sekisov, À.G., Lavrov, À.Yu., and Rasskazova, À.V., Fotokhimicheskie i elektrokhimicheskie protsessy v geotekhnologii (Photochemical and Electrochemical Processes in Geotechnology), Chita: ZabGU, 2019.
9. Nefedov, V.G. and Atapin, À.G., Analysis of the Conditions for Bubble Nucleation in Water Electrolysis, Voprosy Khim. Khim. Tekhnol., 2019, no. 4, pp. 120–126.
10. Chanturia, V.À., Medyanik, N.L., Shadrunova, I.V., Mishurina, Î.À., and Mullina, E.R., Conditions of Bubbling in Electrolytic Flotation, Journal of Mining Science, 2019, vol. 55, no. 3, pp. 414–419.
11. Gerasimov, À.Ì. and Arsent’ev, V.À., Layered Silicates and their Influence on Mineral Processing, Obogashchenie Rud, 2018, no. 5, pp. 22–28.
12. Kienko, L.À. and Voronova, Î.V., Problems of Reducing Silicon Dioxide Content in Fluorite Concentrates in Processing of Manmade Materials, GIAB, 2019, no. 30, pp. 50–56.
13. Zhang, G., Gao, Y., Chen, W., and Liu, D., The Role of Water Glass in the Flotation Separation of Fine Fluorite from Fine Quartz, Miner., 2017, vol. 7, no. 9, pp. 157–168.
14. Zhou, W., Moreno, J., Torres, R., Valle, H., and Song, S., Flotation of Fluorite from Ores by Using Acidized Water Glass as Depressant, Miner. Eng., 2013, vol. 45, pp. 142–145.
15. Kopylova, À.Å. and Prokhorov, Ê.V., Studying the Possibility to Process Manmade Minerals by Electric Flotation, Proc. Int. Sci. School for Young Scientists and Specialists, Moscow, 2021.
16. Prokhorov, K.V. and Sekisov, A.G., RF patent no. 2744685, Byull. Izobret., 2021, no. 2.
MASS TRANSFER OF BASE METALS IN UPWARD PENETRATION OF SOLUTIONS IN TAILING DUMPS
A. G. Mikhailov, I. I. Vashlaev, and E. V. Morozov
Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences,
Krasnoyarsk, 660036 Russia
e-mail: mag@icct.ru
Kirensky Institute of Physics, Krasnoyarsk, 660036 Russia
The article describes the studies into the process of upward mass transfer in flotation tailings with water solutions. The swift-flowing geological process is investigated using the magnetic resonance imaging. The kinetics of water-soluble minerals as well as the structure and substance transformations in the body of tailings are studied for substantiating in-situ formation of the target concentration zones at the tailings surface.
Mass transfer, upward capillary flow, dissolving, leaching, fluid, permeation
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739122060187
REFERENCES
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2. Arens, V.Zh., Fiziko-khimicheskaya geotekhnologiya (Physicochemical Geotechnology), Moscow: MGGU, 2001.
3. Sekisov, À.G., Rubtsov, Yu.I., and Lavrov, À.Yu., Activation Heap Leaching of Dispersed Gold from Low-Sulfide Ores, Zapiski GI, 2016, vol. 217, pp. 96–101.
4. Gurman, Ì.À., Shcherbak, L.I., and Rasskazova, À.V., Gold and Arsenic Recovery from Calcinates of Rebellious Pyrite–Arsenopyrite Concentrates, Journal of Mining Science, 2015, vol. 51, no. 3, pp. 586–590.
5. Zosin, À.P., Pryimak, Ò.I., and Koshkina, L.B., Ecological Aspects of Geochemical Transformation of Mineral Processing Waste from Sulfide Copper-Nickel Ores, Ekolog. Khimiya, 2003, no. 12, pp. 133–140.
6. Chanturia, V.À., Makarov, D.V., Makarov, V.N., and Vasil’eva, Ò.N., Oxidation of Nonmetallic and Sulfide Minerals in Model Experiments and in Real Tailing Ponds, Gornyi Zhurnal, 2000, no. 4, pp. 155–158.
7. Maeva, S.G., Osnovy geokhimii (Foundations of Geochemistry), Tiraspol, 2016.
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PRECONCENTRATION APPROACH OF MICA VANADIUM-BEARING STONE COAL BY ADVANCED MINERALOGY ANALYSIS
Liuyi Ren, Zheyi Zhang, Weineng Zeng, and Peipei Wang
School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology,
Wuhan 430070, China
e-mail: rly1015@163.com
School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane,
Queensland 4072, Australia
In this paper, to prove the vanadium occurrence in the stone coal and obtain a potential technology of vanadium preconcentration, the mineralogical characterization of typical vanadium-bearing stone coal collected from Tongshan, Hubei, PR China was performed based on chemical analysis, X-ray fluorescence (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS). The results of the roasted ore show that the dominant phases of the stone coal are roscoelite, quartz, feldspar, pyrite and sulfide, the carbon content and calcite. The minor accessory phases consist of smectite and kaolinite, apatite, anatase, and barite. The contents of vanadium, iron, silicon, aluminum and calcium in vanadium-bearing stone coal are 0.65, 3.70, 56.86, 9.00, and 4.87%, respectively. Roscoelite intergrows with other minerals, and it is impregnated by carbon content. The mineralogy of stone coal indicates that these valuable elements are difficult to recover by flotation processes due to their complicated occurrences. Instead, the roasting-gravity separation-classification appear promising in pre-concentrating vanadium from stone coal.
Vanadium, stone coal, mineralogy, gravity separation, pre-concentration
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739122060199
REFERENCES
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MINING ECOLOGY AND SUBSOIL MANAGEMENT
RECLAMATION OF WASTE STORAGE SITES OF THE MINING INDUSTRY IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
A. V. Edelev, N. V. Yurkevich, V. N. Gureev, and N. A. Mazov
Trofimuk Institute of Petroleum Geology and Geophysics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630090 Russia
e-mail: EdelevAV@ipgg.sbras.ru
Novosibirsk State Technical University, Novosibirsk, 630087 Russia
The article gives a review of scientific publications and regulatory documents connected with reclamation activities at the sites of waste storage in the mining industry in the Russian Federation. The environmental, economic and social impacts of mining are discussed. The role of reclamation in the recovery of the disturbed lands and ecosystems is illustrated, and the methods and stages of reclamation are described. The main obstacles of reclamation to be successive are revealed. It is highlighted that the spotlight should be on improvement of reclamation legislation to enhance efficiency of rehabilitation measures.
Reclamation, disturbed land, dump, tailings pond, overburden, enclosing rocks, ecology, environmental damage, review
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739122060205
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INVESTIGATION OF THE EFFECTIVE PARAMETERS OF TRAVERTINE STONES HEALING USING BIO-GROUTING
Aref Fayyazi and Ramin Doostmohammadi
College of Mining Engineering, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran
e-mail: ramin.doostmohammadi@znu.ac.ir
This article examines the optimal components and conditions of bio-grouting (microbial precipitation of calcium carbonate) as a new healing technique for travertine stones. Laboratory tests (determining the calcium carbonate content, porosity, and P-wave velocity ratio) were designed and performed based on the response surface methodology to determine the stone healing potential. Quadratic models were proposed to assess the results. In conclusion, the identical concentrations of urea and calcium chloride (components of bio-grout) and operating at the ambient temperature of 15 centigrade degrees leads to better healing. The treatment quality will decrease if stones are washed with acidic or alkaline solutions.
Stone healing, bio-grouting, laboratory tests, response surface methodology
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739122060217
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NEW METHODS AND INSTRUMENTS IN MINING
MEASUREMENT EQUIPMENT FOR LABORATORY RESEARCH OF HYDRAULIC FRACTURING
S. V. Serdyukov
Chinakal Institute of Mining, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences,
Novosibirsk, 630091 Russia
e-mail: ss3032@yandex.ru
The author focuses on the measurement and recording equipment for the laboratory research of hydraulic fracturing in the conditions of rock pressure simulation. The choice of the test values, discretization intervals and observation periodicity is substantiated. The functional flows of the program code in LabView are presented. The program code ensures synchronous multi-point measurements of deformation, breakdown pressure, acoustic and seismic emission, power fluid flow rate, etc. The recommendations on selecting equipment, sensors and research findings for designing measurement and monitoring systems for geodynamic processes are given.
Geomechanics, hydraulic fracturing, laboratory research, equipment, LabView-based measurement equipment, data acquisition, deformation, breakdown pressure, seismic and acoustic emission
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739122060229
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