JMS, Vol. 57, No. 1, 2021
GEOMECHANICS
FAILURE MECHANISM OF COAL UNDER FREEZE–THAW CONDITIONS FROM THE SPECTRUM ANALYSIS OF ULTRASONIC SCANNING DATA
V. L. Shkuratnik, P. V. Nikolenko*, P. S. Anufrenkova, and S. A. Epshtein
National University of Science and Technology—MISIS Moscow, 119049 Russia
*e-mail: p.nikolenko@misis.ru
The samples of anthracite and bituminous coal are studied in cyclic freeze–thaw at different water contents. In the freeze–thaw cycles, the samples were subjected to continuous ultrasonic sounding. It is found that different contents of water have an essential influence on the spectrum of recorded signals. Regarding the water-unsaturated check samples, the spectrum change is reversible, and the freeze–thaw treatment results in no failure. An increase in the water content of the samples fosters the irreversible change in the spectra of the signals against the background of macro-cracking along stratification planes. Anthracite exhibits higher persistence to freeze–thaw damage than bituminous coal.
Coal, failure, cyclic freeze–thaw, ultrasound, P-wave, spectrum processing
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739121010014
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STRESS–STRAIN BEHAVIOR OF ROCKS FROM THE MEASUREMENTS OF VECTORS OF THE CAUCHY STRESSES AND DISPLACEMENTS AT THE BOUNDARY OF AN UNDERGROUND EXCAVATION
A. I. Chanyshev* and I. M. Abdulin
Chinakal Institute of Mining, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences,
Novosibirsk, 630091 Russia
*e-mail: a.i.chanyshev@gmail.com
Novosibirsk State University of Economics and Management, Novosibirsk, 630099 Russia
The authors construct an exact solution to the problem on the stress–strain behavior of rock mass at the boundary of an underground excavation of an arbitrary geometry if the vectors of the Cauchy stresses and displacements are assigned simultaneously at this boundary. All explicit components of stress and strain tensors, as well as the components of rotation vector are determined as functions of the elastic characteristics of rocks, values of the preset functions and differential properties of the boundary.
Overspecified problem, stresses, strains, rotation vector components
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739121010026
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MECHANISM OF ANNULAR SPACE UNSEALING DURING HYDRAULIC FRACTURING
A. M. Svalov
Institute of Oil and Gas Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119333 Russia
e-mail: svalov@ipng.ru
The article discusses the mathematical modeling results on formation of concentration zones of failure stresses in annular space of a well during hydraulic fracturing of productive formations from vertical or nearly vertical boreholes. The rigid connection between the cement lining and rocks fails because of a thin clay layer in-between, which leads to unsealing of the annular space and to various troubles, including environmental implications. To prevent annular space unsealing during hydraulic fracturing, it is proposed to ream out borehole in the area of contact with the productive stratum roof, and to install a bow springs centralizer on this level then.
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739121010038
Hydraulic fracturing, coal seam drainage, rock stress–strain behavior, annular space unsealing, borehole reaming, bow springs centralizer
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ROCK FAILURE
METHOD FOR SEISMIC AND ACOUSTIC MONITORING OF LONGWALL FACE AREAS IN COAL MINES
M. Reuter*, M. Krach, U. Kiessling, and Ju. Veksler
Marco Systemanalyse und Entwicklung GmbH, Dachau, Germany
*e-mail: Sekretariat@marco.de
The article presents the experimental data of seismic and acoustic monitoring in a fully mechanized longwall mining face. The predictors of the rock mass behavior are selected to be the acoustic emission activity and the increase in the pulse recurrence rate at the same time in the neighbor roof support unit. Crack formation in the longwall mining face zone is calculated.
Longwall, acoustic emission activity, pulse recurrence rate, crack formation
DOI: 10.1134/S106273912101004X
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PARAMETER OPTIMIZATION OF LARGE SAG MILL LINER BASED ON DEM AND KRIGING MODEL
Ruihua Jiang, Guoqiang Wang*, Jingxi Li, Kang Kang Sun, and Yajuan Hou
School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Jilin University,
Changchun, 130022 P. R. China
*e-mail: wanggqjlu@163.com
School of Automobile Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130022 P. R. China
The authors analyze the influence of the semi-autogenous (SAG) mill parameters on the mill grinding efficiency, energy consumption and the tangential cumulative contact energy. This paper provides a new liner parameter design and optimization method, which offers theoretical guidance for the optimization design of liner parameters.
Semi-autogenous (SAG) mill, liner, Discrete Element Method, Kriging model, optimization, genetic algorithm
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739121010051
REFERENCES
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10. Makokha, A.B., Moys, M.H., Bwalya, M.M., and Kimera, K., A New Approach to Optimizing the Life and Performance of Worn Liners in Ball Mills: Experimental Study and DEM Simulation, Int. J. Miner. Process., 2007, vol. 84 (1), pp. 221–227.
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EFFECT OF LOW GAS PRESSURE ON THE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF OUTBURST COAL DURING UNIAXIAL COMPRESSION
Yankun Ma*, Ke Yang, Deren Chen, and Zhao Aohan
State Key Laboratory for Mining Response and Disaster Prevention and Control in Deep Coal Mines,
Huainan 232001 PR China
*e-mail: mykunbest@126.com
School of Energy and Safety Engineering, Anhui University of Science and Technology,
Huainan 232001 PR China
Huakun Geological Engineering Co., Ltd, Taian 271000 PR China
Uniaxial compression test of outburst coal was conducted to explore the mechanical characteristics of coal with outburst tendency in low gas pressure environment. The mechanical properties of coal were analyzed, the surface crack morphology of coal was obtained and the energy characteristics of coal during loading were determined. Results are as follows. In the pressure range of 0.03–1.0 MPa, the uniaxial compressive strength and elastic modulus of coal show a negative exponential relationship with pressure, and both decrease with the increase in pressure. With the increase in gas pressure, the angle between the failure surface and horizontal surface of coal body increases gradually. With the increase in gas pressure, the fracture morphology of coal failure tends to be complex. When the gas pressure is low, the coal can store a large amount of energy, and its ability to resist damage is greatly improved.
Gas pressure, outburst coal, uniaxial compression strength, energy accumulation and release, fractal dimensions of crack
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739121010063
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MINERAL MINING TECHNOLOGY
EXTRACTION OF ORE RESERVES FROM SAFETY PILLARS IN ROCKBURST-HAZARDOUS CONDITIONS OF TASHTAGOL AND SHEREGESH DEPOSITS
V. N. Filippov*, A. A. Eremenko**, and E. A. Khristolyubov***
Chinakal Institute of Mining, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences,
Novosibirsk, 630091 Russia
*e-mail: filippov144@yandex.ru
Gorbachev Kuzbass State Technical University, Kemerovo, 650000 Russia
**e-mail: eremenko@ngs.ru
EVRAZ ZSMK’s Division in Gornaya Shoria, Sheregesh, Kemerovo Region 652971 Russia
***e-mail: Evgeny.Khristolubov@evraz.com
In deeper level mining in Tashtagol deposit, during extraction of ore reserves from safety pillar, the stresses and inelastic strain zones increase 2–4 times. In safety pillar in Sheregesh deposit, the tensile stress zones, where failure of undermined rocks intensifies, enlarge as mined-out stoping void grows. During mining in the Eastern and Northwestern sites of Tashtagol deposit, at the tunneling speed of 2.0–2.5 m/day and more, rock bumps of energy class 5–6 are recorded. In mining of Podruslovy and New Sheregesh sites, the decrease in the energy class of rock bumps is achieved at the tunneling rate of 0.4–0.6 m/day. The feasibility and sequence of safe extraction of ore reserves from safety pillars established under the Kondoma and Bolshaya Rechka rivers are justified. The backfill options in extraction of ore reserves from safety pillars in Tashtagol and Sheregesh deposits are discussed.
Rock burst, stress concentration, extraction block, cushioning volume, roof, safety pillar, backfill, rocks, level, mining system
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739121010075
REFERENCES
1. Eremenko, A.A., Kovalev, V.A., and Kopytov, A.I., Innovative Technologies for Extraction of Mineral Reserves from Safety Pillars under Industrial Objects and Water Bodies, Vestn. KuzGTU, 2014, no. 3, pp. 45–49.
2. Eremenko, A.A., Filippov, V.N., Nikitenko, S.M., and Khristolyubov, E.A., Specific Features of iron Ore Mining in Gornaya Shoria, Journal of Mining Science, 2017, vol. 53, no. 5, pp. 868–881.
3. Wang, F. and Kaunda, R., Assessment of Rockburst Hazard by Quantifying the Consequence with Plastic Strain Work and Released Energy in Numerical Models, Int. J. of Min. Sci. and Technology, 2019, 29(1), pp. 93–97.
4. Khademian, Z. and Ugur, O., Computational Framework for Simulating Rock Burst in Shear and Compression, Int. J. of Rock Mech. and Min. Sci., 2018, 110, pp. 279–290.
5. Yu, Y., Deng, K.-Z., Luo, Y., Chen, S.-E., and Zhuang, H.-F., An Improved Method for Long-Term Stability Evaluation of Strip Mining and Pillar Design, Int. J. of Rock Mech. and Min. Sci., 2018, 107, pp. 25–30.
6. Eremenko, V.A., Esina, E.N., and Semenyakin, E.N., Technology of Dynamic Monitoring of Stresses and Strains in Rocks under Mining, Gornyi Zhurnal, 2015, no. 8, pp. 42–47.
7. Kvochin, V.A., Lobanova, T.V., Petukhov, M.F, Matvee, I.F., Shcherbakov, A.I., Kozin, V.P., and Drozdov, A.P., Displacement of Rocks and Protection of Objects from Undermining in Iron Ore Deposit in Siberia, Osnovnye napravleniya sovershenstvovaniya razrabotki mestorozhdenii poleznykh iskopaemykh: nauch.-tekh. sb. (Main Trends in Improvement of Mineral Mining: Composite Book on Science and Technology), Novokuznetsk, 1999, pp. 101–111.
8. Valiev, N.G., Berkovich, V.Kh., Propp, V.D., and Kokarev, K.V., Problems of Extraction of Mineral Reserves from Safety Pillars in Ore Mining, Izv. vuzov, Gorn. Zh., 2018, no. 2, pp. 4–9.
9. Kocharuan, G.G., Zolotukhin, S.R., Kalinin, E.V., Panas’yan, L.L., and Spungin, V.G., Stress–Strain State of Rock Mass in the Zone of Tectonic Fractures in the Korobkov Iron Ore Deposit, Journal of Mining Science, 2018, vol. 54, no. 1, pp. 13–20.
10. Kropotkin, P.N., Rezul’taty izmerenii napryazhennogo sostoyaniya gornykh porod v Skandinavii, v Zapadnoi Evrope, v Islandii, Afrike i Severnoi Amerike (Stress State Measurements in Rocks in Scandinavia, in West Europe, in Island, Africa and Northern America), Moscow: Nauka, 1973.
11. Borshch-Komponiets, V.I. and Makarov, A.B., Gornoe davlenie pri otrabotke moshchnykh pologikh rudnykh zalezhei (Overburden Pressure in Mining Thick and Gently Dipping Ore Bodies), Moscow: Nauka, 1986.
12. Dopolnenie 3 k proekty “Vskrytie i otrabotka zapasov Tashtagol’skogo mestorozhdeniya do gorizonta minus 30 m” (Supplement no. 3 to the Project on Accessing and Extraction of Ore Reserves from the Tashtagol Deposit down to Level Minus 350 m), Detailed Design 3085/311360962386–9190.PZ, vol. 1, Novokuznetsk: Sibgiproruda, 2016, pp. 68–75.
13. Rekonstruktsiya tekhnologicheskogo kompleksa Tashtagol’skogo rudnika (Modernization of Technological Infrastructure of Tashtagol Mine), P11181–01-PZ, vol. 1, Saint-Petersburg-Giproshakht, Saint-Petersburg: Severstal’, 2019.
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18. Kravchenko, V.P., and Kulikov, V.V., Primenenie tverdeyushchei zakladki pri razrabotke rudnykh mestorozhdenii (The Use of Paste Cemented Backfill in Ore Mining), Moscow: Nedra, 1974.
RIPPER PRODUCTION PREDICTION FOR LATERITE EXCAVATION IN IRON ORE MINES
Akhil Avchar* and Bhanwar S. Choudhary**
Mining Engineering Department, College of Technology and Engineering, Udaipur, Rajasthan, 313001 India
*e-mail: akhilav4@gmail.com
Mining Engineering Department, IIT (ISM) Dhanbad, 826001 India
**e-mail: bhanwarschoudhary@iitism.ac.in
The mining of iron ore, an essential raw material for iron and steel industry, is of prime importance among all mining activities undertaken by any country. Therefore it is important that the iron ore mining should be environment-friendly and sustainable. Ripper Dozer combination is one of the most commonly used excavation methods in Iron ore mines of Goa because of the presence of soft and friable rock mass and also it can bring the mining project more productivity, accuracy, safety and the additional option of selective mining. Improper selection of ripper dozer and unscientific deployment can lead to high production cost. So, performance prediction is an important issue for successful ripper application which deals with exposed rock mass properties and ripper machine parameters. Ripper production prediction using multiple linear regression analysis (MLR) and artificial neural network (ANN) is performed to estimate ripper production in the lateritic rock formation.
Iron ore mines, ripper dozer, production prediction, laterite
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739121010087
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17. Avchar, A., Choudhary, B.S. and Budi, U. G. S.G., Applicability of Size Strength Rippability Classification System for Laterite Excavation in Iron Ore Mines of Goa, ASME J.-ASME IIETA Publication Series Modelling, Measurement and Control C, 2017, vol. 78, pp. 378–391.
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19. Avchar, A., Choudhary, B.S., Budi, G., and Sawaiker, U.G., Effect of Rock Properties on Rippability of Laterite in Iron Ore Mines of Goa, Mathematical Modelling of Eng. Problems, 2018, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 108–115.
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DETERMINATION OF THE MAIN PARAMETERS OF SEMI-LEVEL INDUCED CAVING METHOD WITH LATERAL LOADING
V. Milic and M. Radovanovic*
University of Belgrade, Technical Faculty in Bor, Bor, 19210 Serbia
*e-mail: mlradovanovic@tfbor.bg.ac.rs
Large-scale mining methods are taking over the leading role in exploitation of low-grade and deep mineral deposits considering its high productivity, low cost, and satisfying ore recovery and ore dilution. In order to improve properties of existing block and sublevel caving methods, researches were carried out in laboratory conditions on physical model of similarity. Results of the research, the determination of optimal parameters and indicators for the new variant of the caving mining method is discussed in this paper. Experiments were based on ore drawing for the case with two and three one-sided lateral loading chambers and they were performed in order to determine the best combination between variable parameters of block width and spacing between loading chambers that would give the most optimal results for ore recovery and ore dilution.
Underground mining, block caving, sublevel caving, ore drawing, induced caving
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739121010099
REFERENCES
1. Zarate, E.U., Pourrahimian, Y., and Boisvert, J., Optimizing Block Caving Drawpoints over Multiple Geostatistical Models, Int. J. Min. Reclam. Environ., 2018.
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7. Trueman, R., Castro, R., and Halim, A., Study of Multiple Draw-Zone Interaction in Block Caving Mines by Means of a Large 3D Physical Model, Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci., 2008, vol. 45, no. 7, pp. 1044–1051.
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10. Milic, V., The Research Basic Parameters of New Methods Semi-Level Induced Caving for Excavation Deep Parts of the Bor Deposit, Doc. Min. Sci. Thesis, University of Belgrade, Technical Faculty in Bor, Serbia, 1996.
11. Dirkx, R., Kazakidis, V., and Dimitrakopulos, R., Stochastic Optimization of Long-Term Block Cave Scheduling with Hang-Up and Grade Uncertainty, Int. J. Min. Reclam. Environ., 2018.
12. Milic, V., Milicevic, Z., and Atanaskovic, N., Determination of Parameters of Semi-Level Induced Caving by Modeling, Underground Min. Eng., 1994, vol. 3, pp. 11–15.
13. Milic, V. and Milicevic, Z., Determination of the Eccentricity of the Ellipsoid Flow of Ore from the Bor Ore Deposits, J. Min. Metall., 1995, vol. 31, pp. 79–88.
14. Milicevic, Z. and Milic, V., Underground Mining Technology of Mineral Deposits, Bor (Serbia): RDS Group, 2013.
15. Nasonov, I.D., Modelirovanie gornykh protsessov (Modeling Mining Processes), Moscow: Nedra, 1978.
16. Protodyakonov, M.M. and Teder, R.I., Metodika ratsional’nogo planirovania eksperimentov (Rational Methods of Planning Experiments), Moscow: Nauka, 1970.
17. Milicevic, Z., Milic, V., and Svrkota, I., Problems in the Application of Sublevel Caving Method in the Jama Bor Underground Mine, Mining Engineering, 2012, vol.3, pp. 283–300.
18. Oksanich, I.F. and Mironov, P.S., Zakonomernosti droblenija gornyh porod vzryvom i prognozirovanie granulometricheskogo sostava (Rock Crushing by Blasting and Predicting Grain-Size Distribution), Moscow: Nedra, 1982.
19. Milic, V., Milicevic, Z., and Pantovic, R., Prognosis of Fragmentation of Blasted Ore and its Influence on Utilization in Ore Pouring, Proc. of the 26th Int. October Conf. on Min. and Metallurgy, Serbia, 1994.
20. Knezevic, D., Mineral Processing, Belgrade: Faculty of Mining and Geology, 2001.
21. Milicevic, Z., Sublevel and Block Caving Methods, Bor: Technical Faculty in Bor, 2008.
SCIENCE OF MINING MACHINES
DESIGN OF AN ENERGY-INTENSIVE PNEUMATIC HAMMER BASED ON THE PHYSICAL SIMULATION OF THE HAMMER–SOIL INTERACTION
V. V. Chervov*, I. V. Tishchenko, A. V. Chervov, and Yu. V. Vanag
Chinakal Institute of Mining, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences,
Novosibirsk, 630091 Russia
*e-mail: chervov@misd.ru
The experience of high-frequency pneumatic hammer design to run on increased compressed-air pressure is reviewed. Arrangement of a coupled shock-pulse generator composed of two pneumatic hammers is described, and its stable operation conditions are determined. The synchronized operation of the hammers in the coupled generator is implemented through the smooth percussion frequency control of one of the hammers. After the accomplished research into interaction between soil and some prototype models with two percussion masses, a fully phase- and frequency synchronized machine has been designed.
Pneumatic hammer, percussion masses, elastic valve, air pressure, impact frequency, impact energy, air flow rate, soil
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739121010105
REFERENCES
1. Gurkov, K.S., Klimashko, V.V., Kostylev, A.D., Plavskikh, V.D., Rusin, E.P., Smolyanitsky, B.N., Tupitsyn, K.K., and Chepurnoi, N.P., Pnevmoproboiniki (Downhole Air Hammers), Novosibirsk: IGD SO RAN, 1990.
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3. Frei Hansjorg, Builder’s Guide. Construction Machinery, Structures and Technologies, Nestle Hans (Ed.), Moscow: Tekhnosfera, 2007.
4. Verstov, V.V. and Gaido, A.N., Comparative Efficiency of Penetration of a Steel Rod in Compact Soil, Mekhanizats. Stroit., 2013, no. 2, p. 44–49.
5. Tsytovich, N.A., Mekhanika gruntov (Soil Mechanics), Moscow: Vysshaya shkola, 1979.
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7. Vostrikov, V.I., Oparin, V.N., and Chervov, V.V., On Some Features of Solid-Body Motion under Combined Vibrowave and Static Actions, Journal of Mining Science, 2000, vol. 36, pp. 523–528. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1016618112261.
8. Belyaev, N.A. and Esin, N.N., USSR Author’s Certificate no. 610991, Byull. Izobret., 1972, no. 22.
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10. Anur’ev, V.I., Spravochnik konstruktora-mashinostroitelya (Machine Builder’s Manual), Moscow: Mashinostroenie-1, 2006.
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12. Ajibose, O.K., Wierdgroch, M., Karolyi, G.Y., Pavlovskaia, E.E., and Akisanya, A.R., Dynamics of the Drifting Impact Oscillator with New Model of the Progression Phase, J. App. Mech., 2012, vol. 79, 061007.
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MINERAL DRESSING
EFFECT OF ELECTROMAGNETIC PULSES ON STRUCTURAL, PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND FLOTATION PROPERTIES OF EUDIALYTE
V. A. Chanturia, I. Zh. Bunin*, M. V. Ryazantseva**, E. V. Koporulina, and N. E. Anashkina
Academician Melnikov Institute of Comprehensive Exploitation of Mineral Resources—IPKON, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 111020 Russia
*e-mail: bunin_i@mail.ru
**e-mail: ryzanceva@mail.ru
The mechanism of change in the surface morphology, physicochemical properties, adsorbability and floatability of eudialyte concentrate as a result of exposure to high-power nanosecond pulses and dielectric barrier discharge in air under the atmospheric pressure is analyzed. The research methods were the Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, analytical electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, confocal laser scanning microscopy, microhardness testing, flow potential determination and other techniques. The rational parameters of energy deposition and reagent regimes toward enhanced efficiency of complex eudialyte-bearing ore flotation are found.
Eudialyte, eudialyte concentrate, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, surface morphology and physicochemical properties, microhardness, adsorption, flotation, high-power nanosecond electromagnetic pulses, dielectric barrier discharge
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739121010117
REFERENCES
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8. Chanturia, V.A., Bunin, I.Zh., Ryazantseva, M.V., Chanturia, E.L., Samusev, A.L., Koporulina, E.V., and Anashkina, N.E., Intensification of Eudialyte Concentrate Leaching by Nanosecond High-Voltage Pulses, J. Min. Sci., 2018, vol. 54, no. 4, pp. 645–655.
9. Chanturia, V.A., Bunin, I.Zh., Ryazantseva, M.V., Chanturia, E.L., Koporulina, E.V., and Anashkina, N.E., On the Mechanism of Change in the Structural State of the Surface and Physicochemical Properties of Columbite and Eudialyte when Exposed to Low-Temperature Plasma, Izv. RAN, Ser. Fizicheskaya, 2020, vol. 84, no. 9, pp. 1344–1348.
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22. Lazukin, A.V., Grabel’nykh, O.I., Serdyukov, Yu.A., Pobezhimova,T.P., Nurminsky, V.N., Korsukova, A.V., and Krivov, S.A., Influence of Surface Barrier Discharge Plasma Products on Cereal Germination, Pis’ma v ZhTF, 2019, vol. 45, no. 2, pp. 18–21.
ACTION OF PHYSISORBED COLLECTOR IN PARTICLE–BUBBLE ATTACHMENT
S. A. Kondrat’ev
Chinakal Institute of Mining, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences,
Novosibirsk, 630091 Russia
e-mail: kondr@misd.ru
The action of the arbitrary physisorbed species of a collector at a mineral is compared with the theoretical evidence on particle–bubble attachment. The lack of the correlation between the hydrophobic behavior, characterized by the wetting angle, and the floatability of minerals, as well as the correlation between the inductance time and the mineral recovery are discussed. The causes of disagreement between the collectability sequence of xanthates, dithiophosphates and dithiocarbamates and the sequence of boost in energy of chemical bond between these reagents and cation of mineral lattice are exposed. Collectabilities of frothers and residues of the collectors are explained. The ways to increase flotation performance are shown, namely, the mineral recovery and the concentrate quality can be improved by means of adjustment of the chemisorbable /physisorbable collector ratio.
Flotation, chemisorptions, physisorption, hydrophobic behavior, wetting angle, flotation performance enhancement
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739121010129
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EXPERIMENTAL PROOF OF APPLICABILITY OF CYCLIC AND ALIPHATIC DITHIOCARBAMATE COLLECTORS IN GOLD-BEARING SULPHIDE RECOVERY FROM COMPLEX ORE
T. N. Matveeva*, N. K. Gromova, and L. B. Lantsova
Academician Melnikov Institute of Comprehensive Exploitation of Mineral Resources—IPKON,
Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 111020 Russia
*e-mail: tmatveyeva@mail.ru
The capacity of novel selective dithiocarbamate collectors, namely, morpholine dithiocarbamate (MDTC) and S-cyanoethyl N, N-diethyldithiocarbamate (CEDETC) to form complex compounds with gold on the surface of sulphide minerals containing fine gold under conditions of flotation is experimentally proved. MDTC adsorption at the surface of chalcopyrite without gold takes places due to formation of morpholine dithiocarbamate copper. At chalcopyrite and arsenopyrite containing gold fines, MDTC-Au and CEDETC-Au compounds are formed. MDTC and CEDETC improve floatability of gold-bearing sulphides as against gold-free minerals, which is beneficial for the production of Au–Cu concentrates with lower content of As and Fe by flotation.
Gold-bearing sulphides, complex ore, chalcopyrite, arsenopyrite, flotation, adsorption, dithiocarbamates, complexing
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739121010130
REFERENCES
1. Ivanova, T.A., Zimbovsky, I.G., Getman, V.V., and Karkeshkina, A.Yu., Preparation and Testing of Dithiopyrylmethane as a Reagent for Mineral Flotation, Obogashch. Rud, 2018, no. 12, pp. 38–44.
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10. Huang, K., Huang, X., Jia, Y., Wang, S., Cao, Z., and Zhong, H., A Novel Surfactant Styryl Phosphonate Mono-Iso-Octyl Ester with Improved Adsorption Capacity and Hydrophobicity for Cassiterite Flotation, J. Miner. Eng., 2019, vol. 142. 105895.
11. Tijsseling, L.T., Dehaine, Q., Rollinson, G.K., and Glass, H.J., Flotation of Mixed Oxide Sulphide Copper-Cobalt Minerals Using Xanthate, Dithiophosphate, Thiocarbamate and Blended Collectors, J. Miner. Eng., 2019, vol. 138, pp. 246–256.
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15. Matveeva, T.N., Ivanova, T.A., Getman, V.V., and Gromova, N.K., Novel Flotation Reagents to Recover Micro and Nanoparticles of Noble Metals from Rebellious Ore, Gornyi Zhurnal, 2017, no. 11, pp. 89–93.
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THE RECOVERY OF RARE-EARTH ELEMENTS FROM APATITE CONCENTRATE BY ACID AND DIGESTION-WATER LEACHING PROCESSES IN MORVARID IRON MINE, IRAN
A. Adib*, R. Ahmadi, and E. Rahimi
Islamic Azad University ,South Tehran Branch, Technical and Engineering Faculty,
Department of Mines and Petroleum, Tehran, 1584743311 Iran
*e-mail: adib@azad.ac.ir
Imam Khomeini International University (IKIU), Technical and Engineering Faculty, Mining Department,
Tehran, 1584743311, Iran
In this article, the recovery of the Y, La, Nd, and Ce rare-earth elements (REE) from apatite concentrate by acid leaching and digestion-water leaching processes were studied. The maximum REE recovery of 62% in the acid leaching process with sulfuric acid was obtained for La in the condition of 12 M acid concentration, leaching time of 4 h, process temperature of 25°C, and a liquid to solid ratio (L/S) of 1:5. In the optimal conditions in terms of process (220°C, 3 h and L/S (1:2)), the digesting process in the presence of sulfuric acid led to the recovery of La, Ce, Nd and Y at 93.92, 92.22, 92.04 and 91.00%, respectively. In contrast, the aqueous leaching process in the optimum conditions, including a leaching time of 5 h, at 80°C and L/S of 1:10 ended up recovering the La, Ce, Nd, and Y at 89.50, 88.45, 92.20 and 94.0%, respectively.
Acid leaching, rare earth elements, effective parameters, digest-water leaching
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739121010142
REFERENCES
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ANALYSIS OF FUNCTION OF COPPER SULFIDE NANOPARTICLES AS SPHALERITE FLOTATION ACTIVATOR
S. A. Vorob’ev*, E. A. Burdakova, A. A. Sarycheva, M. N. Volochaev, A. A. Karacharov, M. N. Likhatskii, and Yu. L. Mikhlin
Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences,
Krasnoyarsk Science Center, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences,
Krasnoyarsk, 660036 Russia
*e-mail: yekspatz@ya.ru
Siberian Federal University, Krasnoyarsk, 660041 Russia
Kirensky Institute of Physics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences,
Krasnoyarsk Science Center, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences,
Krasnoyarsk, 660036 Russia
Reshetnev Siberian State University of Science and Technology, Krasnoyarsk, 660037 Russia
The authors compare the effect exerted by copper ions and sulphide copper nanoparticles on flotation of Gorevka deposit sphalerite using potassium n-butyl xanthate and in reagent-less regime. Covelline-like colloid particles 4–8 nm in size, obtained in interaction of copper (II) and sulfide ions in aqueous solutions, are characterized using the methods of dynamic light scattering, electron microscopy and diffraction. Sphalerite surface after reaction with copper ions and CuS dispersoid solutions are described by zeta-potential measurements and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. It is found that sphalerite flotation after activation with nanoparticles is lower than with copper ion solutions of the same concentrations, and improves with increasing duration of activation and flotation processes. The mechanism of CuS nanoparticles consists in creation of active centers for the collector to attach to, which intensifies the hydrophobic behavior and adsorption of the collector. Moreover, CuS nanoparticles promote formation of a special microrelief of the solid–liquid interface, which ensures rupture of liquid film and attachment of sphalerite particles to air bubbles when they collide.
Nanoparticles, copper sulfide, flotation, sphalerite, activators, dynamic light scattering, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739121010154
REFERENCES
1. Abramov, A.A., Sobranie sochinenii. Flotatsiya. Sul’fidnye mineraly (Collected Works. Flotation. Sulfide Minerals), Moscow: Gornaya kniga, 2013.
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7. Mikhlin, Yu., Karacharov, A., Tomashevich, Yu., and Shchukarev, A., Interaction of Sphalerite with Potassium n-Butyl Xanthate and Copper Sulfate Solutions Studied by XPS of Fast-Frozen Samples and Zetapotential Measurement, Vacuum, 2016, vol. 125, pp. 98–105.
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MINING THERMOPHYSICS
THE ANALYSIS OF THERMAL CONDITIONS IN EXTRA-LONG RAILWAY TUNNELS DURING THE COLD SEASON
L. A. Kiyanitsa, I. V. Lugin, and A. M. Krasyuk*
Chinakal Institute of Mining, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences,
Novosibirsk, 630091 Russia
*e-mail: kkrasuk@cn.ru
Novosibirsk State Technical University, Novosibirsk, 630073 Russia
The subcool zone length is determined in lining of an extra-long railway tunnel subjected to deep influence of piston effect. The air temperature distribution in the outer air–tunnel lining contact zone is determined as function of the velocity of train and the outdoor temperature in the cold season. The authors review the de-icing methods of tunnel lining: warming-up using a self-tuning heating cable; arrangement of an unheated access gallery and heat insulation. The distribution of the hourly average air temperature in an extra-long railway tunnel is analyzed against of sites of fan heaters. The heat power patterns in the tunnel are estimated by the criterion of the required temperature conditions. It is shown that the most efficient arrangement of fan heaters to maintain the required air temperature in the tunnel is their uniform distribution along the length of the tunnel in combination with installation of warm air curtains at the tunnel faces.
Railway tunnel, ventilation, heat exchange, temperature distribution, fan heater, cool gallery, heating cable, energy efficiency criterion
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739121010166
REFERENCES
1. Lugin, I.V. and Vitchenko, A.A., Maintaining Required Temperature Conditions in the Severomuysky Tunnel in Cold Season Using the Tunnel Ventilation Facilities, J. Fundament. Appl. Min. Sci., 2014, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 210–214.
2. Gendler, S.G., Basic Trends in Modernization of Ventilation System in the Baikal Railway Tunnel, GIAB, 2013, Special Issue 1, pp. 288–296.
3. Construction Regulations SP 122.13330.2012, Railway and Road Tunnels, Moscow, 2012.
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6. Fedorova, N.N., Val’ger, S.A., Danilov, M.N., and Zakharova, Yu.V., Osnovy raboty v ANSYS 17 (Backbone of Operations in ANSYS 17), Moscow: DMK Press, 2017.
7. Construction Regulations SP 50.13330.2.12, Heat Protection of Buildings, Moscow, 2013.
8. Gendler, S.G. and Pleskunov, V.A., Efficient Ventilation Design for the Kuznetsovsky Railway Tunnel, GIAB, Special Issue 13, 2009, pp. 81–89.
9. Gendler, S.G., Kastaneda, V.A., and Belen, A.G., Control of Natural Air Flow in Road Tunnels, Mining Informational and Analytical Bulletin—GIAB, 2012, no. 4, pp. 138–149.
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11. Gendler, S.G. and Mironenkova, N.A., Efficient Ventilation Design for Railway Tunnels in Harsh Climate Regions by the Radiation Criterion, GIAB, 2008, Special Issue 5, pp. 298–306.
12. Gendler, S.G. and Savenkov, E.A., The Use of Jet Fans in Ventilation of Railway Tunnels, GIAB, 2015, Special Issue 7, pp. 26–31.
13. DIN EN 14067. Bahnanwendungen. Aerodynamik. Teil 3: Aerodynamik im Tunnel. Deutsche fassung EN 14067–3, 2003.
14. Krasyuk, A.M., Lugin, I.V., and Pavlov, S.A., Experimental Research into Air Distribution in a Terminal Subway Station, Tunneling and Underground Space Technol., 2019, vol. 85, pp. 21–28.
15. Krasyuk, A.M., Lugin, I.V., Alferova, E.L., and Kiyanitsa, L.A., Evaluation of Ventilation Flow Charts for Double-Line Subway Tunnels without Air Chambers, Journal of Mining Science, 2016, vol. 52, no. 4, pp. 740–751.
16. Yueming Wen, Jiawei Leng, Xiaobing Shen, Gang Han, Lijun Sun, and Fei Yu, Environmental and Health Effects of Ventilation in Subway Stations: A Literature Review, Int. J. of Environmental Res. and Public Health, 2020, vol. 1084, no. 117, P. 37.
17. Yueming Wen, Jiawei Leng, Fei Yu, and Chuck Wah Yu, Integrated Design for Underground Space Environment Control of Subway Stations with Atriums Using Piston Ventilation, Indoor and Built Environment, 2020, Vol. 16, No. 1.
18. Semin, M.A., Levin, L.Yu., Zhelnin, M.S., and Plekhov, O.A., Natural Convection in Water-Saturated Rock Mass under Artificial Freezing, Journal of Mining Science, 2020, vol. 56, no. 2, pp. 297–308.
19. Levin, L.Yu., Semin, M.A., and Zaitsev, A.V., Adjustment of Thermophysical Rock Mass Properties in Modeling Frozen Wall Formation in Mine Shafts under Construction, Journal of Mining Science, 2019, vol. 55, no. 1, pp. 157–168.
20. Kaimonov, M.V. and Khokholov, Yu.A., Selection of Frozen Backfill Mixture Composition, Journal of Mining Science, 2019, vol. 55, no. 5, pp. 857–864.
21. Lugin, I.V. and Alferova, E.L., Heat Losses during Train Movement in an Underground Tunnel under Various Operating Conditions , J. Fundament. Appl. Min. Sci., 2019, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 181–185.
22. Gendler, S.G. and Belov, M.R., Basic Trend in Improvement in Heating and Ventilating System in the Severomuysky Tunnel for Heavier Traffic, GIAB, 2019, Special Issue 4/6, pp. 45–57.
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24. Krasyuk, A.M., Lugin, I.V., and Kulikova, O.A., Application of Turbojet Two-Circuit Engine for Sustained Thermal Environment in Railway Tunnels in Severe Climatic Conditions, Mining Informational and Analytical Bulletin—GIAB, 2018, no. 2, pp. 103–110.
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31. Krasyuk, A.M., Lugin, I.V., and P’yankova, A.Yu., Delineation of Soil Body Area Exposed to Thermal Effect of Subway Stations and Tunnels, Journal of Mining Science, 2015, vol. 51, no. 1, pp. 138–143.
32. Krasyuk, A.M., Lugin, I.V., and P’yankova, A.Yu., Temperature Fields in Surrounding Ground of Shallow Tube Stations, Journal of Mining Science, 2012, vol. 48, no. 3, pp. 465–473.
33. Kiyanitsa, L.A., Determining Analytical Dependences for Heat Flow in Soil fro, Enclosed Type Shallow Underground Subway Stations with Double-Track Tunnels, Mining Informational and Analytical Bulletin—GIAB, 2018, no. 2, pp. 89–102.
NEW METHODS AND INSTRUMENTS IN MINING
MULTICHANNEL FACILITY FOR BIDIMENSIONAL MEASUREMENT OF ROCK BLOCK DISPLACEMENTS IN DEEP OPEN PIT MINES
V. I. Vostrikov* and A. A. Potaka**
Chinakal Institute of Mining, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences,
Novosibirsk, 630091 Russia
*e-mail: vvi.49@mail.ru
Udachny Mining and Processing Plant, Udachny, Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), 678188 Russia
**e-mail: potakaaa@alrosa.ru
The experimental version of a bidimensional measurement facility allows recording displacement of rock blocks in the normal direction relative to a fault and their shear displacement relative to one another. In 2020 the facility was deployed at Zarnitsa open pit diamond mine, and was included in the long-term geodynamics monitoring in the zone along a fault which cuts the open pit. It is found that displacements of rock blocks in the normal direction to the fault are periodic at the maximum amplitude of 3.5 mm, while the shear displacement is reversal at the maximum amplitude of 1 mm.
Measurement system, monitoring, open pit mine, fault
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739121010178
REFERENCES
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