JMS, Vol. 56, No. 6, 2020
GEOMECHANICS
A METHOD FOR SIMULATING FLUID FILTRATION IN SOLID MINERAL RESERVOIRS DEVELOPED USING HYDRAULIC FRACTURING
A. V. Azarov*, M. V. Kurlenya, A. V. Patutin, S. V. Serdyukov, O. A. Temiryaeva, and A. V. Yablokov
Chinakal Institute of Mining, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences,
Novosibirsk, 630091 Russia
*e-mail: antonazv@mail.ru
The fluid flow modeling procedure used ABAQUS environment and the extended finite element method. The procedure is meant for calculating pore pressure distribution and gas and fluid flow directions in rock mass in the course of solid mineral mining using hydraulic fracturing. The authors discuss the standard model and case-studies of the procedure-based calculation of gas flow rates in coal seam drainage using boreholes and fractures of different orientation.
Rock mass, permeability, fluid, flow, pore pressure, hydraulic fracturing, fracture, mathematical modeling, software
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739120060010
REFERENCES
1. Sinclair, L. and Thompson, J., In Situ Leaching of Copper: Challenges and Future Prospects, Hydrometallurgy, 2015, vol. 157, pp. 306–324.
2. Jeffrey, R.G. and Boucher, C., Sand Propped Hydraulic Fracture Stimulation of Horizontal In-Seam Gas Drainage Holes at Dartbrook Coal Mine, Coal Operators’ Conference, University of Wollongong and the Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, 2004, pp. 169–179.
3. Li, Q., Lin, B., and Zhai, C., A New Technique for Preventing and Controlling Coal and Gas Outburst Hazard with Pulse Hydraulic Fracturing: A Case Study in Yuwu Coal Mine, China, Nat. Hazards, 2015, vol. 75, no. 3, pp. 2931–2946.
4. Shilova, T., Patutin, A., and Serdyukov, S., Sealing Quality Increasing of Coal Seam Gas Drainage Wells by Barrier Screening Method, Int. Multidisciplinary Sci. GeoConference SGEM, 2013, vol. 1, pp. 701–708.
5. Slastunov, SV, Kolikov, K.S., Ivanov, Yu.M., and Mazani, E.V., Experience, Problems and Prospects of Coal and Rock Mass Drainage, GIAB, 2011, S2–1, pp. 11–21.
6. Linnik, V.Yu., Polyakov, A.V., and Linnik, Yu.N., Characteristics of the Geology and Quality of Coal Seam under Underground Mining in Russia, Izv. TulGTU. GeoEarth Sciences, 2017, No. 3, pp. 168–182.
7. Ivanov, Yu.M., Coal Seam Drainage in Case of High Output per Faces in Coal Mines of SUEK-Kuzbass, GIAB, 2011, no. 7, pp. 363–367.
8. Serdyukov, S.V., Kurlenya, M.V., Rybalkin, L.A., and Shilova, T.V., Hydraulic Fracturing Effect on Filtration Resistance in gas Drainage Hole Area in Coal, Journal of Mining Science, 2019, vol. 55, no. 2, pp. 175–184.
9. Hibbitt, D., Karlsson, B., and Sorensen, P., Abaqus/CAE User’s Guide, ABAQUS, 2013.
10. Azarov, A.V., Kurlenya, M.V., and Serdyukov, S.V., Fracturing Simulation Software for Solid Mineral Mining, Journal of Mining Science, 2020, vol. 56, no. 5, pp. 868–875.
11. Serdyukov, S.V., Shilova, T.V., and Drobchik, A.N., Laboratory Installation and Procedure to Determine Gas Permeability of Rocks, Journal of Mining Science, 2017, vol. 53, no. 5, pp. 954–961.
12. Minsky, E.M., Turbulent Flow of Gas in Porous Media, Trudy VNIIGaza, Moscow: Gostoptekhizdat, 1951, pp. 64–71.
13. Shilova, T.V., Rybalkin, L.A., and Yablokov, A.V., Prediction of In-Situ Cleaved Coal Permeability, Journal of Mining Science, 2020, vol. 56, no. 2, pp. 226–235.
14. Pan, Z., Connell, L.D., and Camilleri, M., Laboratory Characterization of Coal Reservoir Permeability for Primary and Enhanced Coalbed Methane Recovery, Int. J. Coal Geol., 2010, vol. 82, no. 3–4, pp. 252–261.
15. Zhang, X., Wu, C., and Wang, Z., Experimental Study of the Effective Stress Coefficient for Coal Permeability with Different Water Saturations, J. Pet. Sci. Eng., 2019, vol. 182, P. 106282.
16. Raza, S.S., Ge, L., Rufford, T.E., Chen, Z., and Rudolph, V. Anisotropic Coal Permeability Estimation by Determining Cleat Compressibility Using Mercury Intrusion Porosimetry and Stress–Strain Measurements, Int. J. Coal Geol., 2019, vol. 205, pp. 75–86.
17. Serdyukov, S.V., Patutin, A.V., Azarov, A.V., Rybalkin, L.A., and Shilova, T.V., RF patent no. 2730688, Byull. Izobret., 2020, no. 24, P. 7.
MATHEMATICAL MODELING OF UNSTABLE DEFORMATION IN ROCK MASS WITH REGARD TO SELF-BALANCING STRESSES
S. V. Lavrikov* and A. F. Revuzhenko**
Chinakal Institute of Mining, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences,
Novosibirsk, 630091 Russia
*e-mail: lvk64@mail.ru
**e-mail: revuzhenko@yandex.ru
The authors discuss a mathematical model of rock mass with regard to accumulation and release of stored energy. Self-balancing stresses are described using internal variables introduced. The type of a closed system of equations is examined. An algorithm is proposed for the numerical modeling of softening jumps within a quasi-static problem. The problem on deformation of rock mass around a tunnel is solved using the finite element method. Under certain conditions, self-balancing stresses can be unbalanced, which causes disastrous dynamic phenomena associated with confining pressure.
Rock mass, structure, modeling, internal variables, self-balancing stresses, energy release, tunnel, calculation
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739120060022
REFERENCES
1. Alimzhanov, M.T., Stability Analysis of Horizontal Tunnels in Mines, Problemy mekhaniki gornykh porod (Problems of Rock Mechanics), Novosibirsk: Nauka, 1971, pp. 39–40.
2. Antsiferov, S.V., Sammal’, A.S., and Deev, P.V., Stress–Strain State Estimation in Multilayer Support of Vertical Shafts, Considering Off-Design Cross-Sectional Deformation, J. Fundament. Appl. Min. Sci., 2017, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 19–25.
3. Suknev, S.V., Brittle and Quasi-Brittle Fracture of Geomaterials with Circular Hole in Nonuniform Compression, Journal of Mining Science, 2020, vol. 56, no. 2, pp. 174–183.
4. Kolymbas, D., Lavrikov, S.V., and Revuzhenko, A.F., Deformation of Anisotropic Rock Mass in the Vicinity of a Long Tunnel, Journal of Mining Science, 2012, vol. 48, no. 6, pp. 962–974.
5. Sahoo, J.P. and Kumar, J., Seismic Stability of a Long Unsupported Circular Tunnel, Comput. and Geotech., 2012, vol. 44, pp. 109–115.
6. Zhang, Q., Wang, H.Y., Jiang, Y.J., Lu, M.M., and Jiang, B.S., A Numerical Large Strain Solution for Circular Tunnels Excavated in Strain-Softening Rock Masses, Comput. and Geotech., 2019, vol. 14, 103142.
7. Keawsawasvong, S. and Ukritchon, B., Undrained Stability of a Spherical Cavity in Cohesive Soils Using Finite Element Limit Analysis, J. Rock Mech. and Geotech. Eng., 2019, vol. 11, no. 6, pp. 1274–1285.
8. Seryakov, V.M., Rib, S.V., Basov, V.V., an Fryanov, V.N., Geomechanical Substantiation of Technology Parameters for Coal Mining in Interaction Zone of Longwall Face and Gate Roadway, Journal of Mining Science, 2018, vol. 54, no. 6, pp. 899–906.
9. Trofimov, V.A and Filippov, Yu.A., Influence of Stress Variation in Roof Rocks of Coal Seam on Strata Gas Conditions in Longwalling, Journal of Mining Science, 2019, vol. 55, no. 5, pp. 722–732.
10. Gao, M., Jin, W., Dai, Z., and Xie, J., Relevance between Abutment Pressure and Fractal Dimension of Crack Network Induced by Mining, Int. J. of Min. Sci. and Technol., 2013, vol. 23, no. 6, pp. 925–930.
11. Li, S., Gao, M., Yang, X., Zhang, R., Ren, L., Zhang, Z., Li, G., Zhang, Z., and Xie, J., Numerical Simulation of Spatial Distributions of Mining-Induced Stress and Fracture Fields for Three Coal Mining Layouts, J. of Rock Mech. and Geotech. Eng., 2018, vol. 10, no. 5, pp. 907–913.
12. Baryakh, A.A., Asanov, V.A., Toksarov, V.N., and Gilev, M.V., Evaluating the Residual Life of Salt Pillars, Journal of Mining Science, 1996, vol. 34, no. 1, pp. 14–20.
13. Zhang, P.H., Yang, T.H., Yu, Q.L., Xu, T., Zhu, W.C., Liu, H.L., Zhou, J.R., and Zhao, Y.C., Microseismicity Induced by Fault Activation during the Fracture Process of a Crown Pillar, J. Rock Mech. and Rock Eng., 2015, vol. 48, no. 4, pp. 1673–1682.
14. Esterhuizen, G.S., Dolinar, D.R., and Ellenberger, J.L., Pillar Strength in Underground Stone Mines in the United States, Int. J. of Rock Mech. and Min. Sci., 2011, vol. 48, pp. 42–50.
15. Bushmanova, O.P., Elastoplastic Deformation of Materials and Localization of Shears, Fiz. Mezmomekh., 2004, vol. 7, special issue, part I, pp. 93–96.
16. Klishin, S.V., Klishin, V.I., and Opruk, G.Yu., Modeling Coal Discharge in Mechanized Steep and Thick Coal Mining, Journal of Mining Science, 2013, vol. 49, no. 6, pp. 932–940.
17. Yatsun, .F., Loktionova, O.G., and Galitsina, T.V., Numerical Modeling of Granular Material Outflow from a Bunker, Izv. vuzov. Mashinostroenie, 2008, no. 6, pp. 50–56.
18. Ponomarev, V.S., Problems of Energy-Active of Geological Medium Analysis, Geoteltonika, 2011, no. 2, pp. 66–75.
19. Kocharyan, G.G., Morozova, K.G., and Ostapchuk, A.A., Acoustic Emission in a Layer of Geomaterial under Deformation by Shear, Journal of Mining Science, 2019, vol. 55, no 3, pp. 358–363.
20. Tazhibaev, K.T. and Tazhibaev, D.K., Residual Stresses—Factor of Stress State Nonuniformity in Seismically Active Rock Masses, Mining Geomechanics: Proceedings of All-Russian Conference with International Participation, Yekaterinburg, 2014, pp. 17–27.
21. Adushkin, V.V., Kocharyan, G.G., and Ostapchuck, A.A., Parameters Governing Energy Portion Released in Dynamic Unloading of Rock Mass, Doklady AN, 2016, vol. 467, no. 1, pp. 86–90.
22. Goryainov, P.M. and Davidenko, I.V., Tectonic–Caisson Effect in Rock Masses and Ore Bodies as an Important Phenomenon of Geodynamics, Doklady AN SSSR, 1979, vol. 247, no. 5, pp. 1212–1215.
23. Kosykh, V.P., Effect of Multiple Weak Impacts on Evolution of Stresses and Strains in Geomaterials, Trigger Effects in Geosystems, Springer Proc. in Earth and Environmental Sci., Springer Nature Switzerland AG, 2019, pp. 95–103.
24. Peng, Z. and Gomberg, J., An Integrated Perspective of the Continuum between Earthquakes and Slow-Slip Phenomena, Nature Geosci., 2010, vol. 3, pp. 599–607.
25. Novozhilov, V.V. and Kadashevich, Yu.I., Mikronapryazheniya v konstruktsionnykh materialakh (Microstresses in Engineering Materials), Leningrad: Mashinostroenie, 1990.
26. Kadashevich, Yu.I. and Novozhilov, V.V., The Theory of Plasticity Which Takes into Account Residual Microstresses, J. of Applied Mechanics and Mathematics, 1958, vol. 22, no. 1, pp. 104–118.
27. Revuzhenko, A.F., Mekhanika uprugoplasticheskikh sred i nestandartnyi analiz (Mechanics of Elastoplastic Media and the Nonstandard Analysis), Novosibirsk: NGU, 2000.
28. Kolymbas, D., Herle, I., and von Wolffersdorff, P.A., Hypoplastic Constitutive Equation with Internal Variables, Int. J. of Numer. and Analyt. Methods in Geomech., 1995, vol. 19, pp. 415–436.
29. Zeng, Ò., Shao, J.F., and Xu, W.Y., A Micromechanical Model for the Elastic-Plastic Behavior of Porous Rocks, Comput. and Geotech., 2015, vol. 70, pp. 130–137.
30. Lavrikov, S.V. and Revuzhenko, A.F., Optimization of the Structure of Rolled Shells, J. of Applied Mathematics and Technical Physics, 1988, vol. 29, no. 5, pp. 750–754.
31. Revuzhenko, A.F., Matematicheskii analiz funktsii nearkhimedovoi peremennoi. Spetsializirovannyi matematicheskii apparat dlya opisaniya struktrunykh urovnei geosredy (Mathematical Analysis of the Non-Archimedean Variable Function. Special Mathematical Apparatus for the Description of Structural Levels in Geomedium), Novosibirsk: Nauka, 2012.
32. Revuzhenko, A.F., Applications of Non-Archimedean Analysis in the Block Hierarchical Rock Mass, Journal of Mining Science, 2016, vol. 52, no. 5, pp. 842–850.
33. Lavrikov, S.V., Mikenina, O.A., and Revuzhenko, A.F., A Non-Archimedean Number System to Characterize the Structurally Inhomogeneous Rock Behavior nearby a Tunnel, J. Rock Mech. and Geotech. Eng., 2011, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 153–160.
34. Kunin, I.A., Teoriya uprugikh sred s mikrostrukturoi (The Theory of Elastic Media with Microstructure), Moscow: Nauka, 1975.
35. Eringen, A.C., Linear Theory of Micropolar Elasticity, Journal of Mathematics and Mechanics, 1966, vol. 15, no. 6, pp. 909–923.
36. Truesdell, C.A. and Toupin, R.A., Handbuch der Physik, S. Flugge (Ed.), Berlin, Springer-Verlag, 1960, pp. 226–793.
37. Smolin, I.Yu., Use of Micropolar Models for the Description of Meso-Scale Plastic Deformation, Modelirovanie Sistem Protsessov, 2006, no. 14, pp. 189–205.
38. Revuzhenko, A.F and Mikenina, O.A., Elastoplastic Model of Rocks with a Linear Structural Parameter, J. Applied Mathematics and Technical Physics, 2018, vol. 59, no. 2, pp. 332–340.
39. Cundall, P.A. and Strack, O. D. L., A Discrete Numerical Model for Granular Assemblies, Geotechnique, 1979, vol. 29, pp. 47–65.
40. Fomin, V.M. (Ed.), Mekhanika—ot diskretnogo k sploshnomu (Mechanics—From the Discrete to the Continuum), Novosibirsk: SO RAN, 2008.
41. Godunov, S.K., Kiselev, S.P., Kulikov, I.M., and Mali, V.I., Numerical and Experimental Modeling of Wave Generation in Explosion Welding, Trudy inst. Im. V. A. Steklova, 2013, vol. 281, pp. 16–31.
42. Kiselev, S.P., Method of Molecular Dynamics in Mechanics of Deformable Solids, J. Applied Mathematics and Technical Physics, 2014, vol. 55, no. 3, pp. 470–493.
43. Zavshek, S., Dimaki, A.V., Dmitriev, A.I., Shil’ko, E.V., Pezdic, Y., and Psakh’e, S.G., Method of Hybrid Cellular Automata. Adaptation to the Research of Mechanical Response of Contrast Media, Fiz. Mezomekh., 2011, vol. 14, no. 4, pp. 45–55.
44. Klishin, S.V., Lavrikov, S.V., Mikenina, O.A., and Revuzhenko, A.F., Discrete Element Method Modification for the Transition to a Linearly Elastic Body Model, IOP Conf. Series: J. of Physics, 2018, vol. 973, 012008.
45. Klishin, S.V. and Mikenina, O.A., Horizontal Pressure Coefficient in a Random Packing of Discrete Elements, Journal of Mining Science, 2013, vol. 49, no. 6, pp. 881–887.
46. He, Y., Evans, T.J., Yu, A., and Yang, R., Discrete Modeling of Compaction of Non-Spherical Particles, Powders and Grains: 8th Int. Conf. on Micromech. on Granular Media, 2017, vol. 140. 01005.
47. Zheng, J. and Hryciw, R.D., An Image Based Clump Library for DEM Simulations, Granular Matter., 2017, vol. 19, no. 2, pp. 26–41.
48. Lavrikov, S.V. and Revuzhenko, A.F., DEM Code-Based Modeling of Energy Accumulation and Release in Structurally Heterogeneous Rock Masses, AIP Conf. Proc., 2015, vol. 1683. 020121.
49. Lavrikov, S.V. and Revuzhenko, A.F., Mathematical Modeling of Deformation of Self-Stress Rock Mass Surrounding a Tunnel, Desiderata Geotechnica, Springer Conference Series, Springer Nature Switzerland, AG, 2019, pp. 79–85.
50. Lavrikov, S.V., Stress–Strain Analysis of Softening Blocky Rock Mass Adjoining an Underground Excavation, Fiz. Mezomekh., 2010, vol. 13, no. 4, pp. 53–63.
51. Lavrikov, S.V. and Revuzhenko, A.F., Model of Deformation of Pillars with Consideration of the Effects of Energy Storage and Weakening of the Material, Journal of Mining Science, 1994, vol. 30, no. 6, pp. 533–542.
52. Lavrikov, S.V., Simulation of Geomaterial Flow in Convergent Channels with Consideration for Internal Friction and Dilatancy, Journal of Mining Science, 2010, vol. 46, no. 5, pp. 485–494.
53. Muskhelishvili, N.I., Nekotorye osnovnye zadachi matematicheskoi teorii uprugosti Some Basic Problems of Mathematical Theory of Elasticity), Moscow: Nauka, Fizmatlit, 1966.
54. Zienkiewicz, O.C., The Finite Element Method in Engineering Science, McGraw Hill, 1971.
55. Bathe, K.J. and Wilson, E.L., Numerical Methods in Finite Element Analysis, Prentice-Hall, 1976.
56. Volkov, E.A., Chislennye metody (Numerical Methods), Moscow: Nauka, 1977.
57. Struzhanov, V.V. and Mironov, V.I., Deformatsionnoe razuprochnenie materiala v elementakh konstruktsii (Deformation-Induced Softening of Materials in Structural Elements), Yekaterinburg: Inst. Mashinoved. UrO RAN, 1995.
58. Shuilin Wang, Hong Zheng, Chunguang Li, and Xiurun Ge, A Finite Element Implementation of Strain-Softening Rock Mass, Int. J. of Rock Mech. and Min. Sci., 2011, vol. 48, pp. 67–76.
59. Lavrikov, S.V. and Revuzhenko, A.F., Deformation of a Blocky Medium around a Working, Journal of Mining Science,, 1990, vol. 26, no. 6, pp. 485–492.
60. Lavrikov, S.V., Klishin, S.V., and Mikenina, O.A., FEM-Based Stress–Strain Analysis of Elastoplastic and Softening Rock Mass in the Vicinity of Mined-Out Voids of Different Geometry, Software Registration Certificate RU 2019663745. Claim no. 2019660823 as of Sep 3, 2019.
A METHOD FOR CALCULATING EFFECT OF. A. BLAST-INDUCED SEISMIC WAVE ON NONUNIFORM ENCLOSING ROCK MASS AROUND. A. TUNNEL
A. P. Gospodarikov*, Ya. N. Vykhodtsev, and M. A. Zatsepin
Saint-Petersburg Mining University, Saint-Petersburg, 199106 Russia
*e-mail: Gospodarikov_AP@pers.spmi.ru
The authors propose a mathematical model of the effect exerted by a blast-induced seismic wave on nonuniform (multi-layer) enclosing rock mass around a tunnel. The developed numerical algorithm implements the Godunov splitting method, and a computer system is constructed. The numerical calculations determine safe drilling and blasting parameters to preserve integrity of underground structures.
Drilling and blasting, nonuniform rock mass, computer system, system of differential equations
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739120060034
REFERENCES
1. Lyakhov, G.M., Osnovy dinamiki vzryvnykh voln v gruntakh i gornykh porodakh (Essentials of Blat Wave Dynamics in Soils and Rocks), Moscow: Nedra, 1974.
2. Novozhilov, V.V., Teoriya uprugosti (The Theory of Elasticity), Leningrad: Sudpromgiz, 1958.
3. Filonenko-Borodich, M.M., Teoriya uprugosti (The Theory of Elasticity), Moscow: Fizmatlit, 1959.
4. Bormann, P., Engdahl, E.R., and Kind, R., Seismic Wave Propagation and Earth Models, Potsdam: German Research Center for Geosciences, 2012.
5. Oparin, V.N., Adushkin, V.V., Kiryaeva, T.A., Potapov, V.P., Cherepov, A.A., Tyukhrin, V.G., and Glumov, A.V., Effect of Pendulum Waves from Earthquakes on Gas-Dynamic Behavior of Coal Seams in Kuzbass, Journal of Mining Science, 2018, vol. 54, no. 1, pp. 1–12.
6. Kholodilov, A.N. and Gospodarikov, A.P., Modeling Seismic Vibrations under Massive Blasting in Underground Mines, Journal of Mining Science, 2020, vol. 56, no. 1, pp. 29–35.
7. Ziaran, S., Musil, M., Cekan, M., and Chlebo, O., Analysis of Seismic Waves Generated by Blasting Operations and Their Response on Buildings, Int. J. of Environmental, Chemical, Ecolog., Geolog. and Geophys. Eng., 2013, vol. 7, no. 11, pp. 769–774.
8. Tricomi, F. G. Differential Equations, Dover Publications, 1985.
9. Shemyakin, E.I., Dinamicheskie zadachi teorii uprugosti i plastichnosti (Dynamic Problems of Elasticity and Plasticity), Novosibirsk: NGU, 1968.
10. Vallander, S. V. Lektsii po gidroaeromekhanike (Lectures on Hydroaeromechanics), Leningrad: Nauka, 1978.
11. Gospodarikov, A.P., Zatsepin, M.A., and Vykhodtsev, Ya.N., Mathematical Modeling of Blast-Induced Seismic Wave Effect of Rock Mass Enclosing an Underground Excavation, Zap. Gorn. Inst., 2017, vol. 226, pp. 405–411.
12. Godunov, S.K., Zabrodin, A.V., Ivanov, M.Ya., Kraiko, A.N., and Prokopov, G.N., Chislennoe reshenie mnogomernykh zadach gazovoi dinamiki (Numerical Solution of Multidimensional Problems of Gas Dynamics), Moscow: Nauka, 1976.
13. Yan, Bo, Zeng Xinwu, and Li Yuan, Subsection Forward Modeling Method of Blasting Stress Wave Underground, Mathematical Problems in Engineering, 2015, Article ID 678468.
14. Godunov, S.K. and Ryaben’ky, V. S. Raznostnye skhemy (Difference Schemes), Moscow: Nauka, 1977.
15. Etkin, M.B. and Azarkovich, A.E., Vzryvnye raboty v energeticheskom i promyshlennom stroitel’stve: nauchno-prakticheskoe rukovodstvo (Blasting Power Facilities Construction and Industrial Engineering: Code for Theory and Application), Moscow: MGGU, 2004.
MODELING PROPAGATION OF FRACTURES IN LAYERED ROCK MASS DURING BLASTING AND HYDRAULIC FRACTURING
E. N. Sher
Chinakal Institute of Mining, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences,
Novosibirsk, 630091 Russia
e-mail: ensher@gmail.com
The article presents the analytical model and calculation results on fracture growth in layered rock mass during blasting and hydraulic fracturing in oil reservoirs. The stress state of fractured elastic rock mass is found using 3D boundary element method. The influence of strength characteristics of layered rock mass on the shape, size and area of radial fractures is determined. The presence of a stronger layer in rock mass restrains cross sectional growth of induced fractures as compared with the existing fractures in surrounding rock mass, i.e. nonuniform fracture of rock mass along boreholes and probable oversizes are prevented in this case. It is possible to adjust the shape of fractures by changing distribution of an explosive along the borehole. During hydraulic fracturing, fractures propagate chiefly along a softer rock layer if present.
Blast, rocks, layered rock mass, borehole charge, radial fractures, hydraulic fracturing, fracture shape
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739120060046
REFERENCES
1. Mosinets, V.N., Drobyashchee i seismicheskoe deistvie vzryva v gornykh porodakh (Crushing and Seismic Effect of Blasting in Rocks), Moscow: Nedra, 1976.
2. Kutuzov, B.N. and Andrievsky, A.P., Novaya teoriya i novye tekhnologii razrusheniya gornykh porod udlinennymi zaryadami vzryvchatykh veshchestv (New Theory and New Technologies for Rock Destruction by Elongated Explosive Charges), Novosibirsk: Nauka, 2002.
3. Aleksandrova, N.I. and Sher, E.N., Effect of Dilation on Rock Breaking by Explosion of a Cylindrical Charge, J. Min. Sci., 1999, vol. 35, no. 4, pp. 400–408.
4. Vokhmin, S.A., Kurchin, G.S., Kirsanov, A.K., and Gribanova, D.A., Review of Existing Procedures for Calculating the Parameters of Failure Zones in a Rock Mass. Part I, Sovr. Probl. Nauk. Obr., 2015, no. 1, p. 401.
5. Sher, E.N. and Chernikov, A.G., Calculation of Parameters of Radial Fractures Formed during Elongated Charge Blasting in Brittle Rocks, Fund. Prikl. Vopr. Gorn. Nauk, 2015, no. 2, pp. 299–303.
6. Grigoryan, S.S., Some Problems of Mathematical Theory of Solid Rock Deformation and Failure, PMM, 1967, vol. 31, no. 4, pp. 643–669.
7. Rodionov, V.N., Adushkin, V.V., Romashev, A.N., et al., Mekhanicheskii effekt podzemnogo vzryva (Mechanical Effect of an Underground Explosion), Moscow: Nedra, 1971.
8. Chadwick, P., Cox, A.D., and Hopkins, H.G., Mechanics of Deep Underground Explosions, Philosoph. Trans. Roy. Soc., London, 1964.
9. Sher, E.N. and Aleksandrova, N.I., Dynamics of Development of Crushing Zone in Elastoplastic Medium in Camouflet Explosion of String Charge, J. Min. Sci., 1997, vol. 33, no. 6, pp. 529–535.
10. Crouch, S.L. and Starfield, A.M., Boundary Element Methods in Solid Mechanics, George Allen & Unwin, London, 1983.
11. Peach, M. and Koehler, J.S., The Forces Exerted on Dislocations and the Stress Fields Produced by Them, Phys. Rev., 1950, vol. 80, no. 3, pp. 436–440.
12. Mikhailov, A.M., Calculation of the Stresses around a Crack, J. Min. Sci., 2000, vol. 36, no. 5, pp. 445–451.
13. Sher, E.N. and Chernikov, A.G., Calculation of Parameters of Radial Fractures Formed during Elongated Charge Blasting in Brittle Rocks, Fund. Prikl. Vopr. Gorn. Nauk, 2015, no. 2, pp. 299–303.
14. Sher, E.N., Determination of Shape and Sizes of Radial Fractures in Layered Rock Mass that Formed during Borehole Charge Blasting and Hydraulic Fracturing, Fund. Prikl. Vopr. Gorn. Nauk, 2019, vol. 6, pp. 266–271.
15. Kristianovich, S.A. and Zheltov, Yu.P., Formation of Vertical Fractures by Means of Highly Viscous Fluids, Proc. of 4th World Petroleum Congress, Rome, Italy, 1955.
16. Perkins, T.K. and Kern, L.R., Widths of Hydraulic Fractures, J. of Petroleum Technol., 1961, vol. 13, no. 9, pp. 937–949.
17. Geertsma, J., Chapter 4, Two-Dimensional Fracture Propagation Models, Resent Advances in Hydraulic Fracturing, Monograph Series, Eds. Gigley J., Holditch S., Veatch D. N. R., Richardson TX, PE, 1989.
18. Adachi, J.I., Detournay, E., and Peirce, A.P., An Analysis of the Classical Pseudo-3D Model for Hydraulic Fracture with Equilibrium Height Growth across Stress Barriers, J. Rock Mech. and Min. Sci., 2010, vol. 47, no. 4, pp. 625–639.
19. Zhang, X., Wu, B., Jeffrey, R.G., Connell, L.D., and Zhang, G., A Pseudo-3D Model for Hydraulic Fracture Growth in a Layered Rock, Int. J. of Solids and Structures, 2017, vols. 115, 116, pp. 208–223.
20. Xu, B., Liu, Y., Wang, Y., Yang, G., Yu, Q., and Wang, F., A New Method and Application of Full 3D Numerical Simulation for Hydraulic Fracturing Horizontal Fracture, Energies, 2019, vol. 12, no. 1 (48).
21. Serdyukov, S.V., Patutin, A.V., Shilova, T.V., Azarov, A.V., and Rybalkin, L.A., Technologies for Increasing Efficiency of Solid Mineral Mining with Hydraulic Fracturing, J. Min. Sci., 2019, vol. 55, no. 4, pp. 596–602
22. Alekseenko, O.P. and Vaisman, A.M., Nonsymmetric Growth of Hydraulic Fracture, MTT, 1996, no. 1, pp. 107–113.
23. Kolykhalov, I.V., Panov, A.V., and Skulkin, A.A., Influence of Working Fluid Properties on Symmetry of the Shape of Hydraulic Fracture Transverse to the Borehole, Fund. Prikl. Vopr. Gorn. Nauk, 2019, vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 77–81.
SEISMOACOUSTIC METHOD FOR ASSESSING THE SEISMIC ENERGY ABSORPTION COEFFICIENT ON. A. MINING LONGWALL PANEL LENGTH—A CASE STUDY
J. Kurzeja
Central Mining Institute, Katowice, 40–166 Poland
e-mail: jkurzeja@gig.eu
The article presents a case-study of change in the seismic energy absorption coefficient with changing mining and geological conditions during the exploitation of one of the longwalls at the Polish coal mine Ruda. Several stages of longwall excavation exploitation, differing in stress conditions, were selected for the analysis. The results obtained show that low attenuation occurs in areas of high stress concentration and, conversely, high attenuation is associated with the weakening of the rock mass.
Coal seam, attenuation, absorption coefficient, seismic hazard
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739120060058
REFERENCES
1. Banka, P., Lier, E., Fernandez, M.M., Chmiela, A., Muniz, Z.F., and Sanchez, A.B., Directional Attenuation Relationship for Ground Vibrations Induced by Mine Tremors, J. Min. Sci., 2020, vol. 56, no. 2, pp. 236–245.
2. Kornowski, J., Basics of Seismoacoustic Assessment and Forecasting of Seismic Hazard in Mining (in Polish), Poland, Katowice, Central Mining Institute, 2002, ISBN 83–87610–41–0.
3. Toksoz, M.N., Dainty, A.M., Reiter, E., and Wu, R.S., A Model for Attenuation and Scattering in the Earth Crust, Pure Appl. Geophys., 1988, vol. 122, nos. 1–2, pp. 81–100.
4. Schon, J.H., Physical Properties of Rock: Fundamentals and Priciples of Petrophysics, New York, Pergamon Press, 1996.
5. Liu, X.L., Han, M.S., Li, X.B., Cui, J.H., and Liu, Z., Elastic Wave Attenuation Characteristics and Relevance for Rock Microstructures, J. Min. Sci., 2020, vol. 56, no. 2, pp. 216–225.
6. Isakow, Z., Geotomography with the Help of a Cutter-Loader Working Organ as a Source of Imaging Waves, J. Rock Mech. and Min. Sci., 2009, vol. 46, pp. 1235–1242.
7. Szreder, Z., Pilecki, Z., and Klosinski, J., Effectiveness of Recognition of the Impact of Operational Edges by Methods of Attenuation Profiling and Seismic Wave Velocity (in Polish), IGSMiE PAN, 2008, vol. 24, nos. 2–3, pp. 215–226.
8. Baranski, A., Drzewiecki, J., Dubinski, J., Kabiesz, J., Konopko, W., Kornowski, J., Kurzeja, J., Lurka, A., Makowka, J., Mutke, G., and Stec, K., Guidelines for Application of the Comprehensive Method and Specific Methods for Rockburst Hazard Assessment in Coal Mines (in Polish), Guidelines Series, 2012, no. 22, p. 81.
9. Kornowski, J. and Kurzeja, J., Short-Term Forecast of Seismic Hazard in Mining (in Polish), Central Mining Institute, Katowice, Poland, 2008.
10. Isakow, Z., Krzystanek, Z., Trenczek, S., and Wojtas, P., Gas and Rock-Bump Hazard Monitoring in the Polish Mining, J. Coal Sci. and Eng. (China), 2009, vol. 15, no. 3, pp. 229–232.
11. Kurzeja, J. and Kornowski, J., Estimation of Seismoacoustic Energy and Absorption Coefficient in the Seam in Front of the Mined Longwall (in Polish), Research Reports Min. and Env., Central Mining Institute, 2009, vol. 4, pp. 41–54.
12. Statistica 13.3. Tibco Software Inc., https://support.tibco.com.
ROCK FAILURE
DYNAMIC FRACTURE OF GAS-BEARING COAL SEAM DURING ZONAL DISINTEGRATION
V. N. Odintsev* and V. V. Makarov**
Academician Melnikov Research Institute for Comprehensive Exploitation of Mineral Resources—IPKON,
Russian Academy of Sciences,
Moscow, 111020 Russia
*e-mail: odin-vn@yandex.ru
Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, 690600 Russia
**e-mail: vlmvv@mail.ru
The study focuses on the theory of zonal disintegration in gas-bearing coal seams and on gas-dynamic phenomena in underground structures. The concept of unstable geomechanical behavior of coal seams is conditioned by instability of deformation during micro-cracking and macro-cracking. In the zone of disintegration in a gas-bearing coal seam, occluded methane releases from coal substance. As a result of increasing pressure of free methane, a zone of damaged coal and gas appears deep in the coal seam and can induce such gas-dynamic events as blower, sloughing and outbursting. The obtained values and relations of geomechanical and gas-dynamic parameters agree with the actual practice data.
Coal seam, zonal disintegration, tensile fractures, methane diffusion, gas pressure, blower, sloughing
DOI: 10.1134/S106273912006006X
REFERENCES
1. Shemyakin, E.I., Fisenko, G.L., Kurlenya, M.V., Oparin, V.N., Reva, V.V., Glushikhin, F.P., Rozenbaum, M.A., Tropp, E.A., and Kuznetsov, Yu.S., Phenomenon of Zonal Disintegration of Rocks around Underground Excavations, DAN SSSR, 1986, vol. 289, no. 5, pp. 1088–1094.
2. Oparin, V.N., Tapsiev, A.P., Rozenbaum, M.A., Reva, V.N., Badtiev, B.P., Tropp, E.A., and Chanyshev, A.I., Zonal’naya dezintegratsiya gornykh porod i ustoichivost’ podzemnykh vyrabotok (Zonal Disintegration of Rocks and Stability of Underground Openings), Novosibirsk: SO RAN, 2008.
3. Guzev, M.A. and Makarov, V.V., Deformirovanie i razrushenie sil’no szhatykh porod vokrug vyrabotok (Deformation and Fracture of Surrounding Rocks under High Compression around Underground Excavations), Vladivostok: Dal’nauka, 2007.
4. Xu-Guang Chen, Qiang-Yong Zhang, Yuan Chyng Wang, Shu-Cai Li, and Han-Peng Wang, In Situ Observation and Model Test on Zonal Disintegration in Deep Tunnels, J. Test. Eval., 2013, vol. 41, no. 6, pp. 1–11.
5. Adams, G.R. and Jager, A.J., Petroscopic Observation of Rock Fracturing ahead of Stop Face in Deep-Level Gold Mines, J. S. Afr. Inst. Min. Metall., 1980, vol. 80, no. 6, pp. 204–209.
6. Makarov, V.V., Guzev, M.A., Odintsev, V.N., and Ksendzenko, L.S., Periodical Zonal Character of Damage near the Openings in Highly-Stressed Rock Mass Conditions, J. Rock Mech. Geotech. Eng., 2016, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 164–169.
7. Malyshev, Yu.N., Trubetskoy, K.N., and Airuni, A.T., Fundamental’no-prikladnye metody resheniya problemy metana ugol’nykh plastov (Basic and Applied Methods for Handling the Methane Problem of Coal Seams), Moscow: Akad. gorn. nauk, 2000.
8. Polevshchikov, G.Ya. and Kiryaeva, T.A., Gas-Dynamic Consequences of Coal-and-Methane Geomaterial Dissociation in Underground Mining, KuzGTU, 2008, no. 4 (68), pp. 6–9.
9. Polevshchikov, G.Ya. and Plaksin, M.S., Gas-Dynamic Activity of Coal Seams and Zonal Disintegration in Rock Mass during Development Heading, Deep-Level Geomechanics and Geodynamics during Mineral Mining: Int. Confr. Proceedings, Novosibirsk: IGD SO RAN, 2012.
10. Polevshchikov, G.Ya., Kozyreva, E.N., Shinkevich, M.V., and Leont’ev, E.V., Induced Structuring of Rock Mass under Coal Mining, Gornyi Zhurnal, 2017, no. 4, pp. 19–23.
11. Guzev, M.A. and Paroshin, A.A., Non-Euclidean Model of the Zonal Disintegration of Rocks around an Underground Working, J. Applied Mechanics and Technical Physics, 2001, vol. 42, no. 1, pp. 131–139.
12. Reuter, M. Krach, K, Kissling, U, and Veksler, Yu., Zonal Disintegration of Rocks around Breakage Headings, Journal of Mining Science, 2015, vol. 41, no. 2, pp. 237–242.
13. Kaido, I.I., Development Heading Protection by Pillars in Zonal Disintegration of Rocks, GIAB, 2010, no. 6, pp. 211–217.
14. Odintesv, V.N., Otryvnoe razrushenie massiva skal’nykh porod (Tensile Fracture of Hard Rock Masses), Moscow: IPKON RAN, 1996.
15. Xu-Guang Chen, Yuan Chyng Wang, Qiang-Yong Zhang, Shu-Cai Li, and Erling Nordlund, Analogical Model Test and Theoretical Analysis on Zonal Disintegration Based on Filed Monitoring in Deep Tunnel, Eur. J. Env. Civ. Eng., 2013, vol. 17, pp. 33–52.
16. Qingteng Tang, Wenbing Xie, Xingkai Wang, Zhili Su, and Jinhai Xu, Numerical Study on Zonal Disintegration of Deep Rock Mass Using Three-Dimensional Bonded Block Model, Adv. Civ. Eng., 2019, Article ID 3589417.
17. Zhou, X. and Qian, Q., Zonal Disintegration Mechanism of the Microcrack-Weakened Surrounding Rock Mass in Deep Circular Tunnel, Journal of Mining Science, 2013, vol. 49, no. 2, pp. 210–219.
18. Wu Hao, Guo Zhi-Kun, Fang Qin, and Liu Jin-Chun, Mechanism of Zonal Disintegration Phenomenon in Enclosing Rock Mass around Deep Tunnels, J. Cent. South Univ. Technol., 2009, vol. 16, pp. 303–311.
19. Wang, X., Pan, Y., and Wu, X., A Continuum Grain-Interface-Matrix Model for Slabbing and Zonal Disintegration of the Circular Tunnel Surrounding Rock, J. Min. Sci., 2013, vol. 49, no. 2, pp. 220–232.
20. Nikitin, L.V. and Odintsev, V. N. A Dilatancy Model of Tensile Macrocracks in Compressed Rock, Fatigue Fract. Eng. Mater. Struct., 1999, vol. 22, no. 11, pp. 1003–1009.
21. Ksendzenko, L.S. and Losev, A.S., Optimization of Periodicity Parameter Calculation in the Model of Zonal Fracture of Rock Mass, Gorn. Nauki Tekhnol., 2016, no. 2, pp. 43–47.
22. Khomenko, O.E., Energy-Based Method of Investigation of Zonal Disintegration in Rock Mass, Nauch. Vestn. NGU, 2012, no. 4, pp. 44–54.
23. Kovalenko, Yu.F., Sidorin, Yu.V., and Ustinov, K.B., Deformation of a Coal Seam with a System of Isolated Gas-Filled Fissures, Journal of Mining Science, 2012, vol. 48, no. 1, pp. 27–38.
24. Nikitin, L.V. and Odintsev, V.N, Tensile Fracture Mechanics of High-Compressed Gas-Bearing Rocks, Izv. AN SSR. Mekh. Tverd. Tela, 1988, no. 6, pp. 135–144.
25. Brooks, Z., Fracture Process Zone: Microstructure and Nanomechanics in Quasi-Brittle Materials, Thesis (Ph. D), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2013.
26. Odintsev, V.N., Sudden Outburst of Coal and Gas—Failure of Natural Coal as a Solution of Methane in a Solid Substance, Journal of Mining Science, 1997, vol. 33, no. 6, pp. 508–516.
27. Alexeev, A.D., Vasilenko, T.A., Gumennik, K.V., Kalugina, N.A., and Fel’dman, E.P., Diffusion–Filtration Model of Methane Escape from a Coal Seam, Technical Physics, vol. 52, no. 4, pp. 456–465.
28. Khristianovich, S.A. and Kovalenko, Yu.F., Measurement of Gas Pressure in Coal Seams, Journal of Mining Science, 1988, vol. 24, no. 3, pp. 181–199.
29. Odintsev, V.N. and Shipovskii, I.E., Simulating Explosive Effect on Gas-Dynamic State of Outburst-Hazardous Coal Band, Journal of Mining Science, 2019, vol. 55, no. 4, pp. 556–566.
30. Bol’shinskii, M.I., Lysikov, B.A., and Kaplyukhin, A.A., Gazodinamicheskie yavleniya v shakhtakh (Gas-Dynamic Phenomena in Mines), Sevastopol: Veber, 2003.
31. Kuznetsov, S.V. and Trofimov, V.A., Mechanisms of Piper Gas Emissions from Coal Seams, Journal of Mining Science, 2004, vol. 40, no. 4, pp. 339–344.
32. Kravchenko, V.I., Otzhim uglya pri razrabotke pologopadayushchikh plastov Donbassa (Sloughing in Mining of Gently Dipping Coal Seams in Donbass), Moscow–Kharkov: Ugletekhizdat, 1951.
33. Kuznetsov, S.V. and Trofimov, V.A., Fracture Wave in Coal Seam in the Edge Area under Sudden Sloughing, Vzryvnoe delo, 2014, no. 111 (68), pp. 32–48.
34. Trofimov, V.V and Filippov, Yu.A., Dynamics of Sudden Sloughing in Coal Seam in the Edge Areas, Triggernye effekty v geosistemakh (Trigger Effects in Geostystems), Moscow: GEOS, 2015, pp. 235–242.
35. Trofimov, V.A., Coal and Gas Outburst. Coal and Gas Outbreak in Mined-Out Void, GIAB, 2011, Special Issue S 1, pp. 391–405.
36. Polevshchikov, G.Ya., Dynamic Self-Fracture Conditions in Gas-Bearing Materials, GIAB, 1999, no. 1, pp. 221–223.
37. Fan Chaojun, Li Sheng, Luo Mingkun, Du Wenzhang, Yang Zhenhua Fan Chaojun, Li Sheng, Luo Mingkun, Du Wenzhang, Yang Zhenhua, Coal and Gas Outburst Dynamic System, Int. J. Min. Sci. Technol., 2017, vol. 27, pp. 49–55.
38. Bulat, A.F. and Dyrda, V.I., Some Problems Connected with Gas-Dynamic Phenomena in Coal in the Context of Nonlinear Nonequilibrium Thermodynamics, Geotekhn. Mekhanika, 2013, no. 108, pp. 3–31.
39. Guzev, M.A., Odintsev, V.N., and Makarov, V.V., Principles of Geomechanics of Highly Stressed Rock and Rock Massifs, Tunneling Underground Space Technol., 2018, vol. 81, pp. 506–511.
40. Seryakov, V.M., Mathematical Modeling of Stress–Strain State in Rock Mass during Mining with Backfill, Journal of Mining Science, 2014, vol. 50, no. 5, pp. 847–854.
41. Trubetskoy, K.N., Ruban, A.D., Viktorov, S.D., Malinnikova, O.N., Odintsev, V.N., Kochanov, A.N., and Uchaev, D.V., Fractal Structure Damage of Coal and Their Predisposition to Gas-Dynamic Fracturing, DAN, 2010, vol. 431, no. 6, pp. 818–821.
42. Ruban, A.D. and Shchadov, M.I. (Eds.), Podgotovka i razrabotka vysokogazonosnykh plastov (Preparation and Development of Coal Seams with High Gas Content), Moscow: Gornaya kniga, 2010.
43. Klishin, V.I., Kokoulin, D.I., Kubanychbek, B., and Durnin, M.K., Softening of Coal Seams as a Method of Methane Release Stimulation, Ugol’, 2010, no. 4 (1008), pp. 40–43.
A COMPARISON OF THE SEISMIC EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT BLASTING TYPES EXECUTED DURING THE LONGWALL MINING OF. A. COAL SEAM
Ł. Wojtecki* and I. Gołda
Central Mining Institute, Katowice, 40–166 Poland
*e-mail: lwojtecki@gig.eu
Silesian University of Technology, Faculty of Mining, Safety Engineering and Industrial Automation,
Gliwice, 44–100, Poland
Underground mining of hard coal seams is carried out in the Polish part of the Upper Silesian Coal Basin with an increasing level of rockburst hazard. This hazard is combated by the application of active rockburst prevention, where long-hole destress blasts take an important role. The seismic energy of the provoked tremors can be a determinant of blast effectiveness. To estimate blast effectiveness according to the seismic energy of a provoked tremor, the seismic effect method, developed for hard coal mines in the Czech part of the Upper Silesian Coal Basin, can be applied. A classification system for the evaluation of seismic effect is determined for the assigned colliery with the use of statistical analysis, in which the energy of provoked tremors and the mass of the explosives used is taken into consideration. This method can be applied not only for long-hole destress blasting, but also for other analogous types of blasting, which may initiate geomechanical processes in the rock mass, e.g. blasting for roof rock falling. In this article, an analysis of the effectiveness of both the long-hole destress blasting and blasting for roof rock falling, performed during longwall mining of coal seam no. 408 in a mine in the Polish part of the Upper Silesian Coal Basin, was carried out. The effectiveness of blasting for roof falling was verified directly in situ. The seismic effects of blasts, after which roof falling was confirmed, were classified according to the adopted scale as, mainly, very good, extremely good and excellent. It can be assumed that the analogous effects of the long-hole destress blasting indicate the occurrence of additional processes, as a result of which the rock mass reaches a new and favourable stress-strain equilibrium state.
Seismic effect method, blasting for roof rocks falling
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739120060071
REFERENCES
1. Budryk, W., Rockburst Phenomena and Prevention of their Effects (in Polish), Przeglad Gorniczo-Hutniczy, 1938, no.12.
2. Pelnar, A., Rockbursts in Ostrava-Karvina Coalfield, Hornicky vestnik, hornicke a hutnicke listy, 1938, pp. 25–58.
3. Parysiewicz, W., Rockbursts in Mines, Slask, Katowice, 1966 (in Polish).
4. Straube, R., Brothanek, J., Harasek, V., Kostal, Z., Kovacs, Z., Mikeska, J., Padara, Z., Rozehnal, V. and Vavro, M., Rockbursts in Carboniferous Rock Mass, SNTL, 1972 (in Czech).
5. Kidybinski, A., Bursting Liability Indices of Coal, Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. Geomech. Abstr., 1981, vol. 18, no. 4, pp. 295–304.
6. Jaworski, A., Relationship between Rock Mass Deformation and Energy Release of Interdependent Mining Tremors in the Area of Bytom Basin, Acta Montana, 1996, no. 9.
7. Dubinski, J. and Konopko, W., Rockbursts: Assessment, Forecasting and Combating (in Polish), Central Mining Institute, Katowice, 2000.
8. Dvorsky, P., Golasowski, J., Konicek, P., and Kubica, M., Geomechanical Experience with Coal Working in the 4th Block in the Coal Seam 37 at CSA Colliery in Karvina, Proc. of the 11th Int. Scientific-Technical Conference Rockbursts 2004, Central Mining Institute in Katowice, Ustron, Poland.
9. Takla, G., Ptacek, J., Holecko, J., and Konicek, P., Stress State Determination and Prediction in Rock Mass with Rockburst Risk in Ostrava-Karvina Coal Basin, Proc. of the Int. Symp. of the International Society for Rock Mechanics, EUROCK 2005: Impact of Human Activity on the Geological Environment, A. A. Balkema, Brno, Czech Republic.
10. Drzwiecki, J. and Kabiesz, J., Dynamic Events in Roof Strata–Occurrence and Prevention, Coal Sci. Technol. Mag., 2008, vol. 235, pp. 55–57.
11. Dubinski, J., Kabiesz, J., and Lurka, A., Review of Present-Day Methods of Rockburst Hazard Prevention in Polish Mining Industry, Proc. of World Mining Congress, 2011, Istanbul.
12. Mutke, G., Dubinski, J., and Lurka, A., New Criteria to Assess Seismic and Rock Burst Hazard in Coal Mines, Arch. Min. Sci., 2015, vol. 60, no. 3, pp. 743–760.
13. Dvorsky, P. and Konicek, P., Systems of Rock Blasting as a Rock Burst Measure in the Czech Part of Upper Silesian Coal Basin, Proc. of the 6th Int. Symp. on Rockburst and Seismicity in Mines, Australian Centre of Geomechanics, Western Australia, Perth, 2005.
14. Konicek, P., Large Scale Destress Blasting in Roof Rocks for Rockburst Control in Hard Coal Longwall Mining, Proc. of the Int. Conf. on Rock Dynamics and Applications (RocDyn-3), Trondheim, Norway, 2018.
15. Konicek, P., Ptacek, J., and Mazaira, A., Destress Blasting on the Border of Safety Pillars, Proc. of the 3rd Int. Symp. on Mine Safety Science and Engineering, Montreal, Canada, 2016.
16. Konicek, P. and Schreiber, J., Heavy Rockburst due to Longwall Mining near Protective Pillar: A Case Study, J. Min. Sci. Technol., 2018, vol. 28, no. 5, pp. 799–805.
17. Konicek, P. and Schreiber, J., Rockburst Prevention via Destress Blasting of Competent Roof Rocks in Hard Coal Longwall Mining, J. S. Afr. Inst. Min. Metal., 2018, vol. 118, pp. 235–242.
18. Konicek, P., Schreiber, J., and Nazarova, L., Volumetric Changes in Focal Areas of Seismic Events Correspond to Destress Blasting, J. Min. Sci. Technol., 2019, vol. 29, no. 4, pp. 541–547.
19. Schreiber, J., Konicek, P., and Stonis, M., Seismological Activity during Room and Pillar Hard Coal Extraction at Great Depth, Proc. Eng., 2017, vol. 191, pp. 67–73.
20. Wojtecki, L., Konicek, P., Mendecki, M.J., and Zuberek, W.M., Application of Seismic Parameters for Estimation of Destress Blasting Effectiveness, Proc. Eng., 2017, vol. 191, pp. 750–760.
21. Wojtecki, L., Konicek, P., and Schreiber, J., Effects of Torpedo Blasting on Rockburst Prevention during Deep Coal Seam Mining in the Upper Silesian Coal Basin, J. Rock Mech. Geotech. Eng., 2017.
22. Wojtecki, L., Mendecki, M.J., Talaga, A., and Zuberek, W.M., The Estimation of the Effectiveness of Torpedo Blasting Based on an Analysis of Focal Mechanisms of Induced Mining Tremors in the Bielszowice Coal Mine, in: Kwasniewski, M. and Lydzba, D. (eds) Rock Mech. Res. Energy Env., 2013, London, Taylor and Francis Group, pp. 769–773.
23. Wojtecki, L., Mendecki, M.J., and Zuberek W. M., Determination of Destress Blasting Effectiveness Using Seismic Source Parameters, Rock Mech. Rock Eng., 2017, no. 50(12), pp. 3233–3244.
24. Dubinski, J., A Seismic Method for Ex Ante Threat Assessment of Mining Tremors in Hard Coal Mines, Sci. Works Central Min. Inst., Katowice, 1989 (in Polish).
25. Wojtecki, L., Konicek, P., Mendecki, M.J., Golda, I., and Zuberek, W.M., Geophysical Evaluation of Effectiveness of Blasting for Roof Caving during Longwall Mining of Coal Seam, Pure Appl. Geophys., 2019, pp. 1–13.
26. Wojtecki, L. and Golda, I., Analysis of Stress Level during Longwall Mining of a Coal Seam with the Use of Seismic Effect Method, IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 2019, vol. 261, no. 012057.
27. Dubinski, J. and Wierzchowska, Z., Methods for the Calculation of Tremors Seismic Energy in the Upper Silesia (in Polish), Sci. Works Central Min. Inst., Katowice, 1973 (in Polish).
28. https://www.nitroerg.pl
29. Knotek, S., Matusek, Z., Skrabis, A., Janas, P., Zamarski, B., and Stas B., Research of Geomechanics Evaluation of Rock Mass due to Geophysical Method, VVUU, Ostrava, 1985 (in Czech).
30. Konicek, P., Soucek, K., Stas, L., and Singh, R., Long-hole Destress Blasting for Rockburst Control during Deep Underground Coal Mining, Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci., 2013, vol. 61, pp. 141–153.
31. Wojtecki, L. and Konicek, P., Estimation of Active Rockburst Prevention Effectiveness during Longwall Mining under Disadvantageous Geological and Mining Conditions, J. Sustainable Min., 2016, vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 1–7.
MINERAL MINING TECHNOLOGY
STRENGTH, DEFORMATION AND ACOUSTIC CHARACTERISTICS OF PHYSICAL MODELS OF FRAME AND HONEYCOMB UNDERGROUND STRUCTURES
V. A. Eremenko*, Yu. P. Galchenko, N. G. Vysotin, V. I. Leizer, and M. A. Kosyreva
College of Mining, National University of Science and Technology—MISIS, Moscow, 119991 Russia
*e-mail: prof.eremenko@gmail.com
Academician Melnikov Research Institute for Comprehensive Exploitation of Mineral Resources—IPKON,
Russian Academy of Sciences,
Moscow, 111020 Russia
The article describes preparation and implementation of experimental research into strength, deformation and acoustic characteristics of physical models of frame and honeycomb underground structures designed at the Research Center for Applied Geomechanics and Convergent Technologies in Mining at NUST MISIS College of Mining. An integrated test bench for physical and optical modeling of geophysical processes in the secondary stress fields, an installation and a special test bench for 3D physical modeling of any complexity are manufactured. The standard variants of physical modeling of the advanced frame and honeycomb underground structures are developed. The authors present the test data on strength, deformation and acoustic characteristics obtained on a model of a frame structure variant. The tests show that honeycomb underground structures exhibit higher stability when they contain more circular openings of smaller diameter.
Frame and honeycomb underground srtructures, mining systems, physical model, limit strength, deformation, acoustic signal, equivalent geomaterial, intergated test bench, 3d modeling, joint system, joint roughness, Q-index
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739120060083
REFERENCES
1. Agoshkov, M.I., Konstruirovanie i raschety sistem i tekhnologii razrabotki rudnykh mestorozhdenii (Design Engineering and Calculations of Ore Mining Systems and Technology), Moscow: Nauka, 1965.
2. Novaya tekhnologiya i sistemy podzemnoi razrabotki rudnykh mestorozhdenii: k 60-letiyu so dnya rozhdeniya chl.-korr. AN SSSR. M. I. Agoshkova (A New Technology and Systems of Underground Ore Mining: To the 60th Anniversary of Corresponding Member of the USSR Academy of Sciences M. I. Agoshkov), Moscow: Nauka, 1965.
3. Imenitov, V.R., Protsessy podzemnykh gornykh rabot pri razrabotke rudnykh mestorozhdenii: ucheb. posobie (Underground Ore Mining Processes: Educational Aid), Moscow: Nedra, 1984.
4. Zubov, V.P., Applied Technologies and Current Problems of Resource-Saving in Underground Mining of Stratified Deposits, Gornyi Zhurnal, 2018, no. 6, pp. 77–83.
5. Rodionov, V.N., Ocherk geomekhanika (A Geomechanic’s Essay), Moscow: Nauchnyi mir, 1996.
6. Rodionov, V.N., Sizov, I.A., and Tsvetkov, V.M., Osnovy geomekhaniki (Basic Geomechanics), Moscow: Nedra, 1986.
7. Kurlenya, M.V., Seryakov, V.M., and Eremenko, A.A., Tekhnogennye geomekhanicheskie polya napryazhenii (Induced Geomechanical Stress Fields), Novosibirsk: Nauka, 2005.
8. Borshch-Komponiets, V.I., Prakticheskaya geomekhanika gornykh porod (Applied Geomechanics of Rocks), Moscow: Gornaya kniga, 2013.
9. Eremenko, V.A., Justification of Geotechnology Parameters for Rockburst-Hazardous Ore Mining in Western Siberia, Synopsis of a Doctor of Engineering Sciences Thesis, 2011.
10. Kurlenya, M.V., Mirenkov, V.E., and Krasnovsky, A.A., Stress State of Rocks Surrounding Excavations under Variable Young’s Modulus, Journal of Mining Science, 2015, vol. 51, No. 5, pp. 937–943.
11. Sidorov, D. and Ponomarenko, T., Reduction of the Ore Losses Emerging within the Deep Mining of Bauxite Deposits at the Mines of OJSC Sevuralboksitruda, IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Sci., 2019, vol. 302, 012051. DOI: 10.1088/1755–1315/302/1/012051.
12. Seryakov, V.M., Rib, S.V., Basov, V.V., and Fryanov, V.N., Geomechanical Substantiation of Technology Parameters for Coal Mining in Interaction Zone of Longwall Face and Gate Roadway, Journal of Mining Science, 2018, vol. 54, no. 6, pp. 899–906.
13. Kurlenya, M.V., Baryshnikov, V.D., Baryshnikov, D.V., Gakhova, L.N., Kachal’sky, V.G., and Khmelinin, A.P., Development and Improvement of Borehole Methods for Estimating and Monitoring Stress–Strain Behavior of Engineering Facilities in Mines, Journal of Mining Science, 2019, vol. 55, no. 4, pp. 682–694.
14. Baryshnikov, V.D., Baryshnikov, D.V., Gakhova, and L.N., Kachal’sky, Practical Experience of Geomechanical Monitoring in Underground Mineral Mining, Journal of Mining Science, 2014, vol. 50, no. 5, pp. 855–864.
15. Aptukov, V.N. and Volegov, S.V., Modeling Concentration of Residual Stresses and Damages in Salt Rock Cores, Journal of Mining Science, 2020, vol. 56, no. 3, pp. 331–338.
16. Rybin, V.V., Konstantinov, K.N., Kagan, M.M., and Panasenko, I.G., Methodology of Integrated Stability Monitoring in Mines, Gornyi Zhurnal, 2020, no. 1, pp. 53–57.
17. Trubetskoy, K.N., Zacharov, V.N., and Galchenko, J.P., Nature Like Mining Technologies: Prospect of Resolving Global Contradictions when Developing Mineral Resources of the Lithosphere, Herald of the Russian Acad. of Sci., 2019, vol. 87, no. 4, pp. 378–384.
18. Galchenko, Yu.P., Eremenko, V.A., Kosyreva, M.A., and Vysotin, N.G., Features of Secondary Stress Field Formation under Anthropogenic Change in Subsoil during Underground Mineral Mining, Eurasian Mining, 2020, no. 1, pp. 3–7.
19. Eremenko, V.A., Galchenko, Yu.P., and Kosyreva, M.A., Effect of Mining Geometry on Natural Stress Field in Underground Ore Mining with Conventional and Nature-Like Technologies, Journal of Mining Science, 2020, vol. 56, no. 3, pp. 416–425.
20. Trubetskoy, K.N., Myaskov, A.V., Galchenko, Y.P., and Eremenko, V.A., Creation and Justification of Convergent Technologies for Underground Mining of Thick Solid Mineral Deposits, Gornyi Zhurnal, 2019, no. 5, pp. pp. 6–13.
21. Eremenko, V.A., Galchenko, Yu.P., and Kosyreva, M.A., Effect of Mining Geometry on Natural Stress Field in Underground Ore Mining with Conventional and Nature-Like Technologies, Journal of Mining Science, 2020, vol. 56, no. 3, pp. 416–425.
22. Kirpichev, M.V., Teoriya podobiya (Similarity Theory), Moscow: AN SSSR, 1953.
23. Pokrovsky, G.I. and Fedorov, I.S., Tsentrobezhnoe modelirovanie dlya resheniya inzhenernykh zadach Moscow: Gos. izd. lit-ry arkhitekt., 1953.
24. Hoek, E. and Brown, E.T., Underground Excavations in Rock, London: Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, 1980.
25. Fairhurst, C. and Cook, N. G. W., The Phenomenon of Rock Splitting Parallel to the Direction of Maximum Compression in the Neighborhood of a Surface, Proc. 1st Congr. of the Int. Soc. for Rock Mech., Lisbon, 1966, vol. 1, pp. 687–692.
26. Jiang, Q., Feng, X., Song, L., Gong, Y., Zheg, H., and Cui, J., Modeling Rock Specimens through 3D Printing: Tentative Experiments and Prospects, Acta Mech. Sinica, 2015, vol. 32, no. 1, pp. 524–535.
27. Kong, L., Ostadhassan, M., Li ,C., and Tamimi, N., Rock Physics and Geomechanics of 3D Printed Rocks, ARMA 51st U. S. Rock Mech., Geomech. Symp., San Francisco, California, USA, 2017, pp. 1–8.
28. Gell, E.M., Walley, S.M., and Braithwaite, C.H., Review of the Validity of the Use of Artificial Specimens for Characterizing the Mechanical Properties of Rocks, J. Rock Mech. and Rock Eng., 2019, no. 3, pp. 1–13.
29. Barton, N., Application of Q-System and Index Tests to Estimate Shear Strength and Deformability of Rock Masses, Workshop on Norwegian Method of Tunneling, New Delhi, 1993, pp. 66–84.
30. Galchenko, Yu.P., Leizer, V.I., Vysotin, N.G., and Yakusheva, E.D., Procedure Justification for Laboratory Research of Secondary Stress Field in Creation and Application of Convergent Technology for Underground Mining of Rock Salt, Mining Informational and Analytical Bulletin—GIAB, 2019, no. 11, pp. 35–47.
31. Vysotin, N.G., Kosyreva, M.A., Leizer, V.I., and Aksenov, Z.V., Design Rationale for Engineering Multipurpose Bench for Physical Simulation of Geomechanical Processes in Secondary Stress Fields under Conditions of Mining with Convergent Geotechnologies, Mining Informational and Analytical Bulletin—GIAB, 2019, no. 10, pp. 131–145.
SCIENCE OF MINING MACHINES
BASIC PROPERTIES OF ONE-WAY ACTION HYDRAULIC PERCUSSION SYSTEM WITH TWO PISTON ARRESTERS
L. V. Gorodilov
Chinakal Institute of Mining, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences,
Novosibirsk, 630091 Russia
*e-mail: gor@misd.ru
The author presents the mathematical model of an autooscillating one-way action and positive-displacement system with two piston arresters. The dynamic criteria of similarity are determined, including: stiffness ratio of springs of the accumulator and percussion assembly; proportional value of the ratio between potential energy of the accumulator and kinetic energy of the piston at the preset parameters of the power source; dimensionless coordinates of the piston when the positions of the distributor and the second arrester of the piston, as well as the pre-tension of the spring between the piston and the percussion assembly housing change; velocity recovery coefficient of the piston. Numerical calculations are performed in the space of the similarity criteria. The nomograms of isolines of the integral output parameters of the system and the oscillograms of dynamic characteristics are plotted. Dynamics of the system is analyzed, and its behavioral features are revealed in a wide range of input parameters. In the space of the similarity criteria, the boundaries are determined for the domains of single-blow, double-blow and multi-blow limit cycles.
Hydraulic percussion system, limit cycle, mathematical model, similarity criteria, output characteristics, reversing duty, percussion power
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739120060095
REFERENCES
1. Alimov, O.D. and Basov, S.A., Gidravlisheskie vibroudarnye sistemy (Hydraulic Vibration Percussion Systems), Moscow: Nauka, 1990.
2. Yasov, V.G., Teoriya i raschet rabochikh protsessov gidroudarnykh burovykh mashin (Theory and Design of Working Processes in Hydraulic Drilling Machines), Moscow: Nedra, 1977.
3. Bashta, T.M., Mashinostroitel’naya gidravlika (Hydraulic Engineering), Moscow: Mashinostroenie, 1971.
4. Gorodilov, L.V., Dynamics and Characteristics of Basic Classes of Autooscillating Positive-Diplacement Hydraulic Percussion Systems, Probl. Mashinostr. Nadezhn. Mashin, 2018, no. 1, pp. 22–30.
5. Gorodilov, L., Analysis of Self-Oscillating Single-Acting Hydro-Impact System Operational Modes with Two Limiters of Striker Movement, Int. J. Fluid Power, 2019, vol. 20, no. 2, pp. 209–224.
6. Manzhosov, V.K. and Novikov, D.A., Modelirovanie perekhodnykh protsessov i predel’nykh tsiklov dvizheniya vibroudarnykh sistem s razryvnymi kharakteristikami (Modeling Transition Processes and Limit Cycles of Movement in Vibration Percussion Systems with Discontinuous Characteristics), Ulyanovsk: UlGTU, 2015.
7. Lekontsev, Yu.M. and Sazhin, P.V., Directional Hydraulic Fracturing in Difficult Caving Roof Control and Coal Degassing, Journal of Mining Science, 2014, vol. 50, no. 5, pp. 914–917.
8. Gorodilov, L.V., Mathematical Models of Hydraulic Percussion Systems, Journal of Mining Science, 2005, vol. 41, no. 5, pp. 475–489.
9. Mamontov, M.A., Analogichnost’ i (Analogy), Moscow: MO SSSR, 1971.
10. Arushanyan, O.B. and Zaletkin, S.F., Chislennoe reshenie obyknovennykh differentsial’nykh uravnenii v Fortrane (Numerical Solution to Ordinary Differential Equations in Fortran), Moscow: MGU, 1990.
11. Besekersky, V.A. and Popov, E.P., Teoriya sistem avtomaticheskogo regulirovaniya (Theory of Automated Regulation Systems), Saint-Petersburg: Professiya, 2003.
12. Gorodilov, L.V., Vagin, D.V., and Rasputina, T.B., Development of the Procedure, Algorithm and Program to Select Basic Parameters of Hydraulic Percussion Systems, Journal of Mining Science, 2017, vol. 53, no. 5, pp. 855–860.
MINERAL DRESSING
ENHANCEMENT OF COPPER CONCENTRATION EFFICIENCY IN COMPLEX ORE PROCESSING BY THE REAGENT REGIME VARIATION
T. N. Aleksandrova*, A. V. Orlova, and V. A. Taranov**
Saint-Petersburg Mining University, Saint-Petersburg, 199106 Russia
*e-mail: s195064@stud.spmi.ru
Mekhanobr Engineering, Saint-Petersburg, 199106 Russia
**e-mail: taranov.vadim@gmail.com
The review of copper ore processing flow charts in application at ore mills in Russia and abroad is presented. The scope of the analysis embraced the reagent regimes and flotation performance. Brief information about collecting agents, frothers and depressants is given. The influence of actuation medium in flotation of copper–nickel ore is studied in terms of bulk copper–nickel concentration. The tests were carried out with production of a rougher concentrate in the acid and alkaline media with its further scavenging.
Processing flow chart, flotation, ore mill, sulfide copper ore, copper–nickel ore, copper concentrate
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739120060101
REFERENCES
1. Kurchukov, À.Ì., Algorithm for Controlling the Reagent Mode of Copper-Nickel Ore Flotation Based on the Optimization of Parameters of Pulp Ionic Composition, Zap. Gorn. Inst., 2011, vol. 189, p. 292.
2. Boduen, A.Ya., Ivanov, B.S., and Ukraintsev, I.V., Copper Concentration from Sulfide Ore: State of the Art and Prospects, Non-Ferrous Metals, 2015, no. 1, pp. 17–20.
3. Ivanov, B.S., Boduen, A.Ya., and Petrov, G.V., Domestic Copper-Zinc Pyrite Ores: Processing Problems and Technological Prospects, Obogashch. Rud, 2014, no. 3, pp. 7–13.
4. Boduen, A.Ya., Ivanov, B.S., and Konovalov, G.V., Influence of Improving the Quality of Copper Concentrates on the Efficiency of their Processing, Zap. Gorn. Inst., 2011, vol. 192, p. 46.
5. Ignatkina, V.À. and Bocharov, V.À., Nonferrous Metal Sulfide Flotation Flow Charts Based on the Use of Combined Collecting Agents, Gornyi Zhurnal, 2010, no. 12, pp. 58–64.
6. Bocharov, V.À., Ignatkina, V.À., and Khachatryan, L.S., Problems of Separation of Mineral Associations when Processing Massive Rebellious Ore of Nonferrous Metals, Tsvet. Metally, 2014, no. 5, pp.16–23.
7. Ignatkina, V.À., Bocharov, V.À., Milovich, F.Î., Ivanova, P.G., and Khachatryan, L.S., Selective Increase in Flotation Activity of Nonferrous Metal Sulfides Using Combinations of Sulfhydryl Collecting Agents, Obogashch. Rud, 2015, no. 3, pp. 18–24.
8. Yushina, Ò.I., Purev, B., D’Elia Yanes Ê. S., Namuungerel, B., Increasing the Efficiency of Porphyry-Copper Ore Flotation with the Use of Additional Collectors Based on Acetylene Alcohols, Problems and Prospects of Effective Mineral Processing in XXI Century—Plaksin’s Lectures 2019, 2019, pp. 140–144.
9. Chanturia, V.A., Matveeva, T.N., Ivanova, T.A., and Getman, V.V., Mechanism of Interaction of Cloud Point Polymers with Platinum and Gold in Flotation of Finely Disseminated Precious Metal Ores, Mineral Proc. and Extractive Metallurgy Review, 2016, vol. 37, no. 3, pp. 187–195.
10. Chanturia, V.A., Nedosekina, T.V., and Stepanova, V.V., Experimental-Analytical Methods of the Investigating the Effect of Complexing Reagents on Platinum Flotation, J. Min. Sci., 2008, vol. 44, no. 3, pp. 283–288.
11. Chanturia, V.A., Nedosekina, T.V., Getman, V.V., and Gapchich, À.Î., New Agents to Recover Noble Metals from Rebellious Ores and Other Materials, J. Min. Sci., 2010, vol. 46, no. 1, pp. 66–71.
12. Matveeva, Ò.N., Scientific Grounds for High-Performance Agent Modes in Platiniferous Sulfide Mineral Flotation from Rebellious Ores, J. Min. Sci., 2011, vol. 47, no. 6, pp. 824–828.
13. Chanturia, Å.L., Ivanova, Ò.À., and Zimbovsky, I.G., Improved Selectivity of Sulfide Ore Flotation, J. Min. Sci., 2013, vol. 49, no. 1, pp. 132–137.
14. Lavrinenko, À.À., Makarov, D.V., Shrader, E.À., Sarkisova, L.Ì., Kuznetsova, I.N., and Glukhova, N.I., Justification of Flotation Regimes of Copper-Nickel Platinum Group Ore from Monchegorsk Area, GIAB, 2017, no. 10, pp. 141–145.
15. Chanturia, V.A., Lavrinenko, À.À., Sarkisova, L.Ì., Ivanova, Ò.À., Glukhova, N.I., Shrader, E.À., and Kunilova, I.V., Sulfhydryl Phosphorus-Containing Collectors in Flotation of Copper-Nickel Platinum-Group Metals, J. Min. Sci., 2015, vol. 51, no. 5, pp. 1009–1015.
16. Kondrat’ev, S.A., Moshkin, N.P., and Konovalov, I.À., Collecting Ability of Easily Desorbed Xanthates, J.Min. Sci., 2015, vol. 51, no. 4, pp. 830–838.
17. Kondrat’ev, S.A. and Konovalov, I.À., Flotation Activity of Xanthogenates, J. Min. Sci., 2020, vol. 56, no. 1, pp. 104–112.
18. Kondrat’ev, S.A., Moshkin, N.P., and Burdakova, Å.À., Optimized Activity Ratio for Different Types of Reagent Attachment at Sulfide Minerals, J. Min. Sci., 2015, vol. 51, no. 5, pp. 1021–1028.
19. Usmanova, N.F., Markosyan, S.Ì., Timoshenko, L.I., and Pasyuga, D.V., Use of Humate Agent as a Depressor in Copper-Nickel Ore Flotation, Problems and Prospects of Effective Mineral Processing in XXI Century—Plaksin’s Lectures 2019, 2019, pp. 164–166.
20. Aleksandrova, T., Romanenko, S., and Arustamian, K., Research of Slurry Preparation before Selective Flotation for Sulphide-Polymetallic Ores, Proc. 29th Int. Min. Proc. Cong., 2019.
21. Alexandrova, T.N., Romanenko, S., and Arustamian, K.M., Electrochemistry Research of Preparation Slurry before Intermediate Flotation for Sulfide-Polimetallic Ores, Proc. 17th Int. Multidisciplinary Scientific Geoconference SGEM 2017, Albena, Bulgaria, 2017.
22. Kostovic, Ì., Lazic, P., Vucinic, D., Deusic, S., and Tomanec, R., Factorial Design of Selective Flotation of Chalcopyrite from Copper Sulfides, J. Min. Sci., 2015, vol. 51, no. 2, pp. 380–388.
23. Lazic, P., Niksic, D., Tomanec, R., Vucinic, D., and Cveticanin, L., Chalcopyrite Floatability in Flotation Plant of the Rudnik Mine, J. Min. Sci., 2020, vol. 56, no. 1, pp. 119–125.
24. Zanin, M., Lambertc, H., du Plessisc, C.A., Lime Use and Functionality in Sulphide Mineral Flotation: A Review, Min. Eng., 2019, vol. 143.
PARTICLE–FREE AIR BUBBLE INTERACTION IN LIQUID
S. A. Kondrat’ev* and N. P. Moshkin**
Chinakal Institute of Mining, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630091 Russia
*e-mail: kondr@misd.ru
**e-mail: nikolay.moshkin@gmail.com
Lavrentiev Institute of Hydrodynamics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences,
Novosibirsk, 630090 Russia
Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, 630090 Russia
The authors study dynamics of heavy particle attached to the surface of free air bubble in liquid. The bubble with its surface vibrations and the particle are considered as a single mechanical system with geometric constraint. It is assumed that the main forces to govern interaction of these objects are the inertia force due to surface vibration of the bubble and the capillary adhesion force. The stability conditions of particle–bubble flotation aggregate at various initial surface vibrations of the bubble and at different masses of the particle are described. The velocities of the surface vibration modes are governed by the energy of turbulent pulsations in liquid.
Flotation, mineral particle, air bubble, bubble surface vibrations
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739120060113
REFERENCES
1. Tabosa, E., Runge, K., and Duffy, K.A., Strategies for Increasing Coarse Particle Flotation in Conventional Flotation Cells, Proc. 6th Int. Flotation Conf., Cape Town, South Africa, 2013.
2. Goel, S. and Jameson, G.J., Detachment of Particles from Bubbles in an Agitated Vessel, Miner. Eng., 2012, vol. 36–38, pp. 324–330.
3. Nguyen, A.V., An-Vo, D.A., Tran-Cong, T., and Evans, G.M., A Review of Stochastic Description of the Turbulence Effect on Bubble–Particle Interactions in Flotation, Int. J. Miner. Proc., 2016, vol. 156, pp. 75–86.
4. Pyke, B., Fornasiero, D., and Ralston, J., Bubble–Particle Heterocoagulation under Turbulent Conditions, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 2003, vol. 265, pp. 141–151.
5. Nguyen, A., New Method and Equations for Determining Attachment Tenacity and Particle Size Limit in Flotation, Int. J. Miner. Proc., 2003, vol. 68, pp. 167–182.
6. Kondrat’ev, S.A. and Izotov, A.S., Influence of Bubble Oscillations on the Strength of Particle Adhesion, with an Accounting for the Physical and Chemical Conditions of Flotation, J. Min. Sci., 1998, vol. 34, no. 5, pp. 459–465.
7. Kondrat’ev, S.A. and Izotov, A.S., Interaction of a Gas–Liquid Phase Interface with a Mineral Particle, J. Min. Sci., 1999, vol. 35, no. 4, pp. 439–444.
8. Stevenson, P., Ata, S., and Evans, G.M., The Behavior of an Oscillating Particle Attached to a Gas-Liquid Surface, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 2009, vol. 48, pp. 8024–8029.
9. Rayleigh, L., On the Capillary Phenomena of Jets. Proc. R. Soc. London, 1879, vol. 29, pp. 71–97.
10. Deryagin, B.V., Theory of Distortions of the Plane Surface of a Liquid by Small Objects and its Application to Measurement of Edge Wetting Angles of Thin Films of Filaments and Fibers, Dokl. Akad. Nauk. SSSR, 1946, vol. 51, no. 7, pp. 517–520.
11. Tovbin, M.V., Chesha, I.I., and Dukhin, S.S., Investigation of Properties of Surface Layer of Liquids by the Floating Drop Method, Kolloid. Zh., 1970, vol. 32, no. 5, pp. 771–777.
12. Lanczos, C., The Variational Principles of Mechanics, University of Toronto Press, 1949.
13. Vejrazka, J., Vobecka, L., and Tihon, J., Linear Oscillations of a Supported Bubble or Drop, Phys. Fluids, 2013, vol. 25.
14. Snegirev, A.Yu., Vysokoproizvoditel’nye vychisleniya v tekhnicheskoi fizike. Chislennoe modelirovanie turbulentnykh techenii (High Performance Computing in Technical Physics. Numerical Modeling of Turbulent Flows), Saint Petersburg: Izd. Politekh. Univ., 2009.
15. Liepe, F. and Mockel, H.O., Studies of Combination of Substances in Liquid-Phase 6, Influence of Turbulence on Mass-Transfer of Suspended Particles, Chem. Technol., 1976, vol. 28. pp. 205–209.
16. Andersson, R. and Andersson, B., On the Breakup of Fluid Particles in Turbulent Flows, Am. Inst. Chem. Eng. J., 2006, vol. 52, no. 6, pp. 2020–2030.
17. Schubert, H. and Bischofberger, C., On the Microprocesses Air Dispersion and Particle-Bubble Attachment in Flotation Machines as well as Consequences for the Scale-Up of Macroprocesses, Int. J. Miner. Proc., 1998, vol. 52, no. 4, pp. 245–259.
18. Schubert, H., Nanobubbles, Hydrophobic Effect, Heterocoagulation and Hydrodynamics in Flotation, Int. J. Miner. Proc., 2005, vol. 78, no. 1, pp. 11–21.
19. Rodrigues, W.J., Leal Filho, L.S., and Masini, E.A., Hydrodynamic Dimensionless Parameters and their Influence on Flotation Performance of Coarse Particles, Miner. Eng., 2001, vol. 14, no. 9, pp. 1047–1054.
IMPROVEMENT OF MILLING SELECTIVITY AND UTILIZATION COMPLETENESS THROUGH RADIATION MODIFICATION OF MINERAL PROPERTIES
V. I. Rostovtsev*, A. A. Bryazgin, and M. V. Korobeinikov
Chinakal Institute of Mining, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences,
Novosibirsk, 630091 Russia
*e-mail: kondr@misd.ru
Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences,
Novosibirsk, 630090 Russia
The theoretical and experimental research is aimed to improve pretreatment and concentration of rebellious ore from the Rubtsovsk deposit. Radiation modification of lead–zinc ore properties stimulates milling efficiency and enhances processing efficiency. After radiation modification, percentage of free grains of galenite and wurtzite in milled product increased from 40.7 and 65.7% to 66.4 and 71.5%, respectively, in treatment by accelerated electrons at radiation dose of 5 kGr. As a result, the increment in zinc and lead recovery in rougher flotation concentrate made 4.74 and 9.50%, respectively.
Mineral raw materials, radiation modification, disintegration selectivity, dissociation, lead–zinc ore, flotation
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739120060125
REFERENCES
1. Qi, T., Wang, W., Wei, G., Zhu, Z., Qu, J., Wang, L., and Zhang, H., Technical Progress of Green High-Value Utilization of Strategic Rare Metal Resources, Guocheng Gongcheng Xuebao, Chin. J. Proc. Eng., 2019, vol. 19, pp. 10–24.
2. Perez, J. P. H., Folens, K., Leus, K., Vanhaecke, F., Van Der Voort, P., and Laing, G.D., Progress in Hydrometallurgical Technologies to Recover Critical Raw Materials and Precious Metals from Low-Concentrated Streams, Resources, Conserv. Recycl., 2019, vol. 142, pp. 177–188.
3. Ryzhova, L.P. and Salei, A.U., Problems and Prospects for the Development of Mineral Resource Base of Ore Deposits in Russia and Abroad, Vestn. Nauk. Obr., 2018, vol. 1, no. 5(41), pp. 46–49.
4. Chanturia, V.A. and Kozlov, A.P., Modern Problems of Complex Processing of Rebellious Ores and Man-Made Raw Materials, Plaksin’s Lectures-2017: Modern Problems of Complex Processing of Rebellious Ores and Man-Made Raw Materials, 2017, pp. 3–6.
5. Federal Law no. 219-FZ on Amendments to the Federal Law on Environmental Protection and Individual Legislative Acts of the Russian Federation dated 21.07.2014.
6. Order of the Government of the Russian Federation no. 2914-r On the Strategy for the Development of the Mineral Resource Base of the Russian Federation until 2035 dated 22.12.2018.
7. Resolution of International Conference, Plaksin’s Lectures-2019: Problems and Prospects for Efficient Processing of Mineral Raw Materials in XXI Century, Irkutsk, 2019.
8. Revnivtsev, V.I., Gaponov, G.V., Zarogatskii, L.P. et al., Selektivnoe razrushenie mineralov (Selective Disintegration of Minerals), Moscow: Nedra, 1988.
9. Vaisberg, L.A. and Zagoratskii, L.P., Foundations of Optimal Mineral Disintegration, J. Min. Sci., 2003, vol. 39, no. 1, pp. 87–93.
10. Kondrat’ev, S.A., Rostovtsev, V.I., and Kovalenko, K.A., Development of Environmentally Friendly Technologies for Complex Processing of Rebellious Ores and Man-Made Raw Materials, Gornyi Zhurnal, 2020, no. 5, pp. 39–46.
11. Chanturia, V.A. and Bunin, I.Zh., Nontraditional High-Energy Processes for Disintegration and Exposure of Finely Disseminated Mineral Complexes, J. Min. Sci., 2007, vol. 43, no. 3, pp. 311–330.
12. Chanturia, V.A. and Vigdergauz, V.E., Scientific Foundations and Prospects for the Industrial Use of Accelerated Electron Energy in Concentration, Gornyi Zhurnal, 1995, no. 7, pp. 53–57.
13. Bochkarev, G.R., Chanturia, V.A., Vigdergaus, V.E., Lunin, V.D., Viigelt, Yu.P., Rostovtsev, V.I., Voronin, A.P., Auslender, V. L., and Polyakov, V.A., Prospects of Electron Accelerators Used for Realizing Effective Low-Cost Technologies of Mineral Processing, Proc. XX Int. Miner. Proc. Congr., Aachen, Germany, Clausthal-Zellerfeld, GDMB, 1997, vol. 1, pp. 231–243.
14. Plaksin, I.N., Shafeev, R.Sh., Chanturia,V.A., and Yakushkin, V.P., O vliyanii ioniziruyushchikh izluchenii na flotatsionnye svoistva nekotorykh mineralov. Obogashchenie poleznykh iskopaemykh: izbr. tr. (Influence of Ionizing Radiation on Flotation Properties of Some Minerals. Mineral Dressing: Selected Works), Moscow: Nauka, 1970.
15. Baksheeva, I.I., Burdakova, E.A., Kulagin, O.R., Kulagin, R.A., Rostovtsev, V.I., Sivolap, B.B., Bryazgin, A.A., and Korobeinikov, M.V., Modifikatsiya prochnostnykh svoistv kernovykh obraztsov gornykh porod pri ikh radiatsionnoi obrabotke. Oborudovanie dlya obogashcheniya rudnykh i nerudnykh materialov. Tekhnologii obogashcheniya: materialy XII Mezhdunar.nauch.-prakt.konf. (Modification of Strength Properties of Core Rock Samples in Radiation Treatment. Equipment for Concentrating Ore and Nonmetallic Materials. Ore Dressing Technologies: Proc. XII Int. Sci. Tech. Practical Conference), Novosibirsk: Sibprint, 2017.
16. Rostovtsev, V.I., Kulagin, O.R., Sivolap, B.B., Bryazgin, A.A., and Korobeinikov, M.V., Issledovanie vliyaniya elektrokhimicheskoi obrabotki i predvaritel’nogo razuprochneniya polimineral’nogo syr’ya energeticheskimi vozdeistviyami na rezul’taty flotatsionnogo obogashcheniya. Obogashchenie rudnykh i nerudnykh materialov. Tekhnologii obogashcheniya: materialy XIV Mezhdunar. nauch.-prakt. konf. (Investigation of the Influence of Electrochemical Treatment and Preliminary Softening of Polymineral Raw Materials by Energy Actions on the Results of Flotation Concentration. Concentration of Ore and Nonmetallic Materials. Ore Dressing Technologies: Proc. XIV Int. Sci. Tech. Practical Conference) Novosibirsk: Sibprint, 2020.
17. Rostovtsev, V.I., Change of Elastic Wave Velocity in Granite after Radiation Exposure and Prospects for Energy Consumption Reduction in Ore Pretreatment, J. Min. Sci., 2019, vol. 55, no. 2, pp. 333–338.
18. Bocharov, V.A., Ignatkina, V.A., Kayumov, A.A., Makavetskas, A.R., and Fishchenko, Yu.Yu., Influence of Structural Features and Nature of Interaction between Minerals on the Selection of Methods for Lead-Bearing Ore Separation, J. Min. Sci., 2018, vol. 54, no. 5, pp. 821–830.
19. Bocharov, V.A., Ignatkina, V.A., and Kayumov, A.A., Teoriya i praktika razdeleniya mineralov massivnykh upornykh polimetallicheskikh rud tsvetnykh metallov (Theory and Practice of Mineral Separation in Massive Rebellious Polymetallic Nonferrous Metal Ores), Moscow: Gornaya kniga, 2019.
20. Uglov, V.V., Radiatsionnye protsessy i yavleniya v tverdykh telakh (Radiation Processes and Phenomena in Solid Bodies), Moscow: Vysshaya shkola, 2016.
21. Kuksanov, N.K., Salimov, R.A., and Bryazgin, A.A., Electron Accelerators for Industrial Use Developed at Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics, SB RAS, Uspekhi Fiz. Nauk, 2018, vol. 188, no. 6, pp. 672–685.
22. Bezuglov, V.V., Bryazgin, A.A., Vlasov, A.Yu., Voronin, L.A., Korobeinikov, M.V., Maksimov, S.A., Nekhaev, V.E., Radchenko, V.M., Sidorov, A.V., Tkachenko, V.O., and Faktorovich, B.L., Radiatsionnye tekhnologii i oborudovanie. Voprosy atomnoi nauki i tekhniki. Tekhnicheskaya fizika i avtomatizatsiya (Radiation Technologies and Equipment. Problems of Nuclear Science and Equipment. Technical Physics and Automation), Moscow: AO NIITFA, 2018.
REMOVAL OF HEAVY METALS FROM WASTEWATER SOLUTION USING. A. MECHANICALLY ACTIVATED NOVEL ZEOLITIC MATERIAL
Şükrü Uçkun, Musa Sarıkaya, Soner Top*, and İrfan Timür
İnönü University, Engineering Faculty, Mining Engineering Department, Malatya, Turkey
Abdullah Gül University, Engineering Faculty, Materials Science and Nanotechnology Engineering Department,
Kayseri, Turkey *e-mail: soner.top@agu.edu.tr
The removal of heavy metals from the wastewater solution using a novel zeolitic material was conceived and experimentally probed. The natural zeolite was ground in a planetary ball mill to increase negative surface charge and amorphization of the material as well as a conventional ball mill. The ground materials were used for the removal of heavy metals from the wastewater solution. The maximum removals were found to be 78% for Pb, 67% for Ni and 54% for Cd by using the conventional milled natural zeolitic material at pH 11. However, 93% of Pb, 72% of Ni and 57% of Cd were removed at pH 9 with the novel zeolitic material milled by a planetary ball mill. It was revealed that the novel zeolitic material produced by a planetary ball mill increased the absorption capacity of the heavy metals and reduced the alkali requirement for pH adjustment. The removal order of heavy metals with the novel zeolitic material is determined as follows: Pb> Ni>Cd.
Hekimhan / Malatya, mechanical activation, heavy metals, natural zeolite, adsorption, wastewater
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739120060137
REFERENCES
1. Timur, I., Şenkal, B.F., Kaplan, O., Kaya, G., Ozcan, C., Karaaslan, N.M., and Yaman, M., Synthesis of New Polymeric Resin and its Application in Solid Phase Extraction of Copper in Water Samples Using STAT-FAAS, At. Spectrosc., 2009, vol. 30, no. 6, pp. 191–200.
2. Shi, Z., Fan, D., Johnson, R.L., Tratnyek, P.G., Nurmi, J.T., Wu, Y., and Williams, K.H., Methods for Characterizing the Fate and Effects of Nano Zerovalent Iron during Groundwater Remediation, J. Contam. Hydrol., 2015, vol. 181, pp. 17–35.
3. Zou, X., Zhao, Y., and Zhang, Z., Preparation of Hydroxyapatite Nanostructures with Different Morphologies and Adsorption Behavior on Seven Heavy Metals Ions, J. Contam. Hydrol., 2019, vol. 226, 103538.
4. Li, H., Watson, J., Zhang, Y., Lu, H., and Liu, Z., Environment-Enhancing Process for Algal Wastewater Treatment, Heavy Metal Control and Hydrothermal Biofuel Production: A Critical Review, Bioresour. Technol., 2020, vol. 298, 122421.
5. Alam, R., Ahmed, Z., and Howladar, M.F., Evaluation of Heavy Metal Contamination in Water, Soil and Plant around the Open Landfill Site Mogla Bazar in Sylhet, Bangladesh, Groundw. Sustain. Dev., 2020, vol. 10, 100311.
6. Hong, M., Yu, L., Wang, Y., Zhang, J., Chen, Z., Dong, L., Zan, Q., and Li, R., Heavy Metal Adsorption with Zeolites: The Role of Hierarchical Pore Architecture, Chem. Eng. J., 2019, vol. 359, pp. 363–372.
7. Liu, L., Liu, S., Peng, H., Yang, Z., Zhao, L., and Tang, A., Surface Charge of Mesoporous Calcium Silicate and its Adsorption Characteristics for Heavy Metal Ions, Solid State Sci., 2020, vol. 99, 106072.
8. Marani, D., Macchi, G., and Pagano, M., Lead Precipitation in the Presence of Sulphate and Carbonate: Testing of Thermodynamic Predictions, Water Res., 1995, vol. 29, no. 4, pp. 1085–1092.
9. Howell, J.A., Future of Membranes and Membrane Reactors in Green Technologies and for Water Reuse, Desalination, 2004, vol. 162, pp. 1–11.
10. Timur, I., Senkal, B.F., Karaaslan, N.M., Bal, T., Cengiz, E., and Yaman, M., Determination and Removing of Lead and Nickel in Water Samples by Solid Phase Extraction Using a Novel Remazol Black B-Sulfonamide Polymeric Resin, Curr. Anal. Chem., 2011, vol. 7, no. 4, pp. 286–95.
11. Thakare, Y.N. and Jana, A.K., Performance of High Density Ion Exchange Resin (INDION225H) for Removal of Cu(II) from Waste Water, J. Environ. Chem. Eng., 2015, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 1393–1398.
12. Wang, Y., Yu, Y., Li, H., and Shen, C., Comparison Study of Phosphorus Adsorption on Different Waste Solids: Fly Ash, Red Mud and Ferric–Alum Water Treatment Residues, Int. J. Environ. Sci., 2016, vol. 50, pp. 79–86.
13. Skorokhodov, V.F., Mesyats, S.P., Biryukov, V.V., and Ostapenko, S.P., Treatment Technology for Niobium-Bearing Ore Processing Wastewater of Various Ionic-Dispersion Compositions, J. Min. Sci., 2018, vol. 54, no. 4, pp. 671–680.
14. Medyanik, N.L., Shevelin, I.Y., and Kakushkin, S.N., Mathematical Modeling of Mineralized Industrial Wastewater Treatment by Pressure Flotation, J. Min. Sci., 2018, vol. 54, no. 2, pp. 292–299.
15. Smekal, A.G., Zum Mechanischen und Chemischen Verhalten von Calcitspaltflachen, Naturwissenschaften, 1952, vol. 39, pp. 428–429.
16. Balaz, P., Mechanical Activation in Hydrometallurgy, Int. J. Miner. Process., 2003, vol. 72, pp. 341–354.
17. Mucsi, G., A Review on Mechanical Activation and Mechanical Alloying in Stirred Media Mill, Chem. Eng. Res. Des., 2019, vol. 148, pp. 460–474.
18. Boldyrev, V.V., Ten Years after the First International Conference on Mechanochemistry and Mechanical Alloying; Where We Are Now, J. Mater. Sci., 2004, vol. 39, pp. 4985–4986.
19. Karge, H.G. and Weitkamp, J., Zeolites as Catalysts, Sorbents and Detergent Builders: Applications and Innovations, Elsevier Sci., Amsterdam, 1989.
20. Kosanovic, C., Bronic, J., Subotic, B., Smit, I., Stubicar, M., Tonejc, A., and Yamamoto, T., Mechanochemistry of Zeolites: Part 1. Amorphization of Zeolites A and X and Synthetic Mordenite by Ball Milling, Zeolites, 1993, vol. 13, no. 4, pp. 261–268.
21. Baxter, E.F., Bennett, T.D., Cairns, A.B., Brownbill, N.J., Goodwin, A.L., Keen, D.A., Chater, P.A., Blanc, F., and Cheetham, A.K., A Comparison of the Amorphization of Zeolitic Imidazolate Frameworks (ZIFs) and Aluminosilicate Zeolites by Ball-Milling, Dalton Trans., 2016, vol. 45, pp. 4258–4268.
22. Yusupov, T.S., Shumskaya, L.G., Kondrat’ev, S.A., Kirillova, E.A., and Urakaev, F.Kh., Mechanical Activation by Milling in Tin-Containing Mining Waste Treatment, J. Min. Sci., 2019, vol. 55, no. 5, pp. 804–810.
23. Kosanovic, C., Cizmek, A., Subotic, B., Smit, I., Stubicar, M., and Tonejc, A., Mechanochemistry of Zeolites: Part 3. Amorphization of Zeolite ZSM-5 by Ball Milling, Zeolites, 1995, vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 51–57.
24. Onal, M., Depci, T., Ceylan, C., and Kizilkaya, N., The Zeolite Deposit of Hekimhan in the Malatya Basin, IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci., 2016, vol. 44, no. 4, 042011.
25. Uçkun, S., Activation of Malatya Hekimhan Zeolites with Mechanochemical Method and Usage in Heavy Metal Adsorption, MSc. Thesis, 2019, Inonu Un?versity, Malatya (in Turkish).
26. Riello, P., Quantitative Analysis of Amorphous Fraction in the Study of the Microstructure of Semi-Crystalline Materials, Diffraction Analysis of the Microstructure of Materials, Mittemeijer, E.J., Scardi, P. (Eds.), Springer Ser. Mater. Sci., Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2004.
27. Madsen, I., Scarlett, N., and Kern, A., Description and Survey of Methodologies for the Determination of Amorphous Content via X-Ray Powder Diffraction, Zeitschrift fur Kristallographie Cryst. Mater., 2011, vol. 226, no. 12, pp. 944–955.
28. Sarıkaya, M., Yucel, A., Sezer, S., Uçkun, S., and Depci, T., Characterization of Moganite Obtained from Natural Zeolite by Ball Milling, AJER, 2018, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 230–234.
29. Guzzo, P.L., Tino, A. A. A., and Santos, J.B., The Onset of Particle Agglomeration during the Dry Ultrafine Grinding of Limestone in a Planetary Ball Mill, Powder Technol., 2015, vol. 284, pp. 122–129.
30. Kim, H.N., Kim, J.W., Kim, M.S., Lee, B.H., and Kim, J.C., Effects of Ball Size on the Grinding Behavior of Talc Using a High-Energy Ball Mill, Minerals, 2019, vol. 9, no. 668, pp. 1–16.
31. Chen, Y., Lian, X., Li, Z., Zheng, S., and Wang, Z., Effects of Rotation Speed and Media Density on Particle Size Distribution and Structure of Ground Calcium Carbonate in a Planetary Ball Mill, Adv. Powder Technol., 2015, vol. 26, no. 2, pp. 505–510.
32. Knieke, C., Sommer, M., and Peukert, W., Identifying the Apparent and True Grinding Limit, Powder Technol., 2009, vol. 195, no. 1, pp. 25–30.
33. Sivashankari, L., Rajkishore, S.K., Lakshmanan, A., and Subramanian, K.S., Optimization of Dry Milling Process for Synthesizing Nano Zeolites, Int. J. Chem. Stud., 2019, vol. 7, no. 4, pp. 328–333.
34. Bohacs, K., Faitli, J., Bokanyi, L., and Mucsi, G., Control of Natural Zeolite Properties by Mechanical Activation in Stirred Media Mill, Arch. Metall. Mater., 2017, vol. 62, no. 2, pp. 1399–1406.
MINE AEROGASDYNAMICS
OPTIMIZING DESIGN OF BLADES FOR HIGH-SPEED AXIAL FANS
A. M. Krasyuk* and E. Yu. Russky
Chinakal Institute of Mining, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences,
Novosibirsk, 630091 Russia
*e-mail: krasuk@cn.ru
The mathematical methods of structural design optimization using the optimality criteria are reviewed. The resultant and nearly optimal design of a fan bade ensures the design goals at the selected criterion. The optimal design based on topology optimization was carried out in ANSYS. The optimization problem solution provided optimal distribution of the impeller blade mass for axial mine fans. It is validated to be possible to decrease the the blade mass by 60% as compared with a monolithic blade at the preserved rotation speed and ratio of flow path diameters.
Blade, axial fan, ANSYS, optimality, strength, design variables, stress
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739120060149
REFERENCES
1. Krasyuk, A., Russky, E., Lugin, I., and Popov, N., Engineering and Analysis of Aerodynamics and Design Parameters for Metro Tunnel Fans with the Same Blade for Different Core/Tip Diameter Ratios, Proc. of IFOST-2016, 11th Int. Forum on Strategic Technol., 2016, pp. 594–598.
2. Ai, Z., Qin, G., Lin, J., Chen, X., and He, W., Variable-Speed Method for Improving the Performance of a Mine Counter-Rotating Fan, Energy Sci. and Eng., 2020, vol. 8, no. 7, pp. 2412–2425.
3. RF State Standard, GOST 1583–93.
4. Eschenauer, H. and Olhoff, N., Topology Optimization of Continuum Structures: A Review, ASME Applied Mech. Rev., 2001, vol. 54, no. 4, pp. 331–390.
5. Zhao, J., Du, F., and Yao, W., Structural Analysis and Topology Optimization of a Bent-Bar-Frame Piston Based on the Variable Density Approach, Proc. of the ASME 2014 Dynamic Systems and Control Conf., 2014, pp. 1–7.
6. Du, F. and Tao, Z., Study on Lightweight of the Engine Piston Based on Topology Optimization, Adv. Materials Res., 2011, vol. 201–203, pp. 1308–1311.
7. Barbieria, S.G., Giacopinia, M., Mangerugaa, V., and Mantovani, S.A., Design Strategy Based on Topology Optimization Techniques for an Additive Manufactured High Performance Engine Piston, Proc. Manufacturing, 2017, vol. 11, pp. 641–649.
8. Hu, J., Li, M., Yang, X., and Gao, S.,Cellular Structure Design Based on Free Material Optimization under Connectivity Control, CAD Comp. Aided Design, 2020, vol. 127, 102854.
9. Zhao, L.A., Xu, B.A., Han, Y.A., and Rong, J.B., Continuum Structural Topological Optimization with Dynamic Stress Response Constraints, Adv. in Eng. Software, 2020, vol. 148, 102834.
10. Zienkiewicz, O.C., The Finite Element Method in Engineering Science, 2nd Edition, McGraw Hill, 1971.
11. Bazhenov, V.A., Chislennye metody v mekhanike (Numerical Methods in Mechanical Science), Moscow: Vyssh. shk., 2005.
12. Yang, Y.A., Ouyang, H.B., Yang, Y.A., Cao, D.C., and Wang, K., Vibration Analysis of a Dual-Rotor-Bearing-Double Casing System with Pedestal Looseness and Multi-Stage Turbine Blade-Casing Rub, Mech. Systems and Signal Proc., 2020, vol. 143, 106845.
13. Krasyuk, A.M., Lugin, I.V., Russky, E.Yu., and Popov, N.A., Substantiation of Parameters and Estimation of Strength for Basic Structural Units of Axial Tunnel Fan, Journal of Mining Science, 2015, vol. 51, pp. 1139–1149. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1134/S1062739115060415.
14. Krasyuk, A.M., Lugin, I.V., Russky, E.Yu., and Kosykh, P.V., Substantiation of Life Extension Method for Two-Stage Axial Flow Fans for Main Ventilation, Journal of Mining Science, 2019, vol. 55, pp. 478–493. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1134/S1062739119035818.
15. Hron, R., Martaus, F., Kadlec, M., and Ruzek, R., Experimental Axial Fan with Geopolymer Blades, Proc. 18th Int. Multidisciplinary Sci. Geoconf., 2018, vol. 18, no. 6.4, pp. 385–392.
A METHOD TO DETERMINE AERODYNAMIC DRAG COEFFICIENT IN COPPER–NICKEL MINE SHAFTS
S. V. Mal’tsev*, M. A. Semin, and D. S. Kormshchikov
Mining Institute, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences,
Perm, 614007 Russia
*e-mail: stasmalcev32@gmail.com
The aerothermodynamic parameters of air are studied in shafts of mines of NorNickel’s Polar Division. The total pressure and temperature measurements, as well as the air density calculations in KS-2, GS and VC-4 shafts in Oktyabrsky Mine show the linear total pressure dependence on the shaft depth and the essentially nonlinear dependence of air temperature and density on the depth of shafts at intersections with ventilation channels and horizons. The lengths of sections of leveling of air parameters behind the intersections are estimated. The authors propose a new method to determine aerodynamic drag coefficients in mine shafts and calculate ADC for 28 mine shafts in the Norilsk Region. The calculation results are used in mathematical modeling of mine ventilation networks and in ventilation designs for new mine sites.
Mine shaft, aerodynamic drag coefficient, mine ventilation, air flow modeling, 3D numerical modeling, shaft section limits, physical processes in shafts, experimental analysis
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739120060150
REFERENCES
1. Skochinsky, A.A., Ksenofontova, A.I., Kharev, A.A., and Idel’chik, I.E., Aerodinamicheskoe soprotivlenie shakhtnykh stvolov i sposoby ego snizheniya (Aerodynamic Drag and Its Reduction in Mine Shafts), Moscow–Leningrad: Ugletekhizdat, 1953.
2. Abramov, F.A., Dolinsky, V.A., Idel’chik, I.E., et al., Aerodinamicheskoe soprotivlenie gornykh vyrabotok i tonnelei metropolitena (Aerodynamic Drag in Underground Excavations and in Subway Tunnels), Moscow: Nedra, 1964.
3. Mokhirev, N.N. and Rad’ko, V.V., Inzhenernye raschety ventilyatsii shakht. Stroitel’stvo. Rekonstruktsiya. Ekspluatatsiya (Engineering Design of Mine Ventilation, Construction. Modernization. Operation), Moscow: Nedra, 2007.
4. Levin, L.Yu. and Semin, M.A., Influence of Shock Losses on Air Distribution in Underground Mines, Journal of Mining Science, 2019, vol. 55, no. 2, pp. 287–296.
5. Kempson, W.J., Webber-Youngman, R. C. W., and Meyer, J.P., Optimizing Shaft Pressure Losses through Computational Fluid Dynamics Modeling, J. of the African Institute of Min. and Metal., 2013, vol. 113, pp. 931–939.
6. McPherson, M.J., The resistance to Airflow of Mine Shafts, Trans. 3rd US Mine Ventilation Symp. Penn, 1987, pp. 465–477.
7. Prosser, B.S. and Wallace, K.G., Practical Values of Friction Factors, Proc. of the 8th US Mine Ventilation Symp., 1999, pp. 691–696.
8. Kopytov, A.I., Masaev, Yu.A., and Masaev, V.Yu. RF patent no. RU 182775 U1, Byull. Izobret., 2018, no. 25.
9. Prokopov, A.Yu., Justification of Technology and Structure Designs for Lining and Reinforcement of Vertical Shafts, Synopsis of Dr. Eng. Thesis, Novocherkassk: Yuzno-Ros. GTU, 2009.
10. Mal’tsev, S.V., Analysis of Factors Which Influence Aerodynamic Drag Measurements in Deep Mine Shafts, Strateg. Prots. Osvoen. Georesurs., 2014, no. 12, pp. 269–271.
11. Skopintseva, O.V. and Ushakov, K.Z., Mine Ventilation Network Design Based on the Aerodynamic Ageing Criterion of Underground Excavations, GIAB, 1997, no. 3, pp. 142–147.
12. Kharev, A.A., Mestnye soprotivleniya shakhtnykh ventilyatsionnykh setei (Local Shock Losses in Mine Ventilation Networks), Moscow: Ugletekhizdat, 1954.
13. Bogoslovsky, V.N., Otoplenie i ventilyatsiya. Ch. II (Heating and Ventilation. Part II), Moscow: Stroyizdat, 1976.
14. Kazakov, B.P., Mal’tsev, S.V., and Semin, M.A., Validation of Measurement Sites for Aerodynamic Parameters of Air Flow for Aerodynamic Drag Determination of Shafts, Mining Informational and Analytical Byulletin—GIAB, 2015, Special Issue 7, pp. 69–75.
15. Shalimov, A.V., Kormshchikov, D.S., Gazizullin, R.R., and Semin, M.A., Modeling Heat Depression Dynamics and Its Effect on on Ventilation in Mines, Geolog. Neftegaz. Gorn. Delo, 2014, no. 12, pp. 41–47.
16. Levin, L.Yu., Semin, M.A., and Zaitsev, A.V., Mathematical Methods for Forecasting Microclimate Conditions in and Arbitrary Layout Network of Underground Excavations, Journal of Mining Science, 2014, vol. 50, no. 2, pp. 371–378.
17. Johnson, N.L and Leone, F.C., Statistics and Experimental Design in Engineering and the Physical Sciences, John Willey and Sons, 1977.
MINING THERMOPHYSICS
ESTIMATION OF FIRE-RELATED PARAMETERS IN TUNNELS FROM ANALYTICAL MODELING OF WARM ADVECTION
B. P. Kazakov, A. V. Shalimov*, E. L. Grishin, and D. S. Kormshchikov
Mining Institute, Ural Branch, Perm, 614111 Russia
*e-mail: shalimovav@mail.ru
The article presents the analytical research data on the convective motion dynamics and air temperature variation in a mine tunnel after cutoff of a drag source during fire. The single-valued prediction is only possible based on the stability theory of convection currents. The mathematical modeling of advection currents of counter air flows in a tunnel is performed at longitudinal gradient of temperature. The analytical formulas are obtained to calculate advection vortex and air flow velocity in vortex as function of burning time and temperature at the source. The range of hot airflow weakly depends on the burning temperature, insignificantly grows within a day and makes 850 m at the temperature of 1000 °Ñ. The developed procedure allows evaluating the fire size and duration, as well as the air flow velocities in tunnels after the drag source cutoff.
Advection, temperature gradient, stratification, instability, depression, heat power, unsteady heat transfer, Grashof number
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739120060162
REFERENCES
1. Osipov, S.N. and Zhadan, V.M., Ventilyatsiya shakht pri podzemnykh pozharakh (Ventilation of Mines in Case of Underground Fires), Moscow: Nedra, 1973.
2. Shalimov, À.V., Numerical Modeling of Air Flows in Mines under Emergency State Ventilation, J. Min. Sci., 2011, vol. 47, no. 6, pp. 807–813.
3. Zhukovets, À.N., Grekov, S.P., and Chuntu, G.I., Calculating the Change in the Thermal Field in Mine Workings beyond the Seat of a Fire with Short-Circuiting of the Ventilation Currents, J. Min. Sci., 1972, vol. 8, no. 5, pp. 587–589.
4. Krasnoshtein, À.Å., Kazakov, B.P., and Shalimov, À.V., Modeling Complex Air-Gas-Heat Dynamic Processes in a Mine, J. Min. Sci., 2008, vol. 44, no. 6, pp. 616–621.
5. Levin, L.Yu., Semin, Ì.À., Klyukin, Yu.À., and Nakaryakov, Å.V., Study of Aero- and Thermodynamic Processes at the Initial Stage of Through Ventilation in a Mine, Vestn. PNIPU. Geologya, Neftegaz i Gorn. Delo, 2016, vol. 15, no. 21, pp. 367–377. DOI: 10.15593/2224–9923/2016.21.9.
6. Cherdantsev, S.V., Li, H.U., Filatov, Yu.Ì., Botvenko, D.V., Shlapakov, P.À., and Kolykhalov, V.V., Combustion of Fine Dispersed Dust-Gas-Air Mixtures in Underground Workings, J. Min. Sci., 2018, vol. 54, no. 2, pp. 339–346.
7. Kazakov, B.P., Shalimov, À.V., Semin, M.A., Grishin, E.L., and Trushkova, N.A., Convective Stratification of Air Flows along the Section of Mine Workings, Its Role in the Formation of Fire Heat Depressions and Influence on Ventilation Stability, Gornyi Zhurnal,2014, no. 12, pp. 105–109.
8. Gershuni, G.Z., Zhukhovitsky, Å.Ì., and Nepomnyashchiy, À.À., Ustoichivost’ konvektivnykh techenii (Convection Flow Stability), Moscow: Nauka, 1989.
9. Semin, M.A. and Levin, L.Y., Stability of Air Flows in Mine Ventilation Networks, Process Safety and Environmental Protection: Transactions of the Institution of Chemical Engineers, Part B, 2019, vol. 124, pp. 167–171.
10. Levin, L.Yu., Paleev, D.Yu., and Semin, M.A., Calculation of Air Flow Stability in the Workings of Mine Ventilation Networks Using Heat Depression Factor, Vestn. Nauch. Tsentra po Bezop. Rabot Ugol. Prom., 2020, no. 1, pp. 81–85.
11. Smith, M.K., The Nonlinear Stability of Dynamic Thermocapillary Liquid Layers, J. Fluid. Mech., 1988, vol. 194, pp. 391–415.
12. Kuo, H.P. and Korpela, S.A., Stability and Finite Amplitude Natural Convection in a Shallow Cavity with Insulated Top and Bottom and Heated from a Side, Phys. Fluids, 1988, vol. 31, no. 1, pp. 33–42.
13. Kafarov, V.V., Osnovy massoperedachi (Foundations of Mass Transfer), Moscow: Vysshaya shkola, 1972.
14. Birikh, R.V., About Thermocapillary Convection in Horizontal Liquid Layer, Prikl. Mekh. Tekh. Fiz., 1974, no. 5, pp. 145–147.
15. Hart, J.E., Stability of Thin Non-Rotating Hadley Circulation, J. of the Atmospheric Sci., 1972, vol. 29, no. 5, pp. 687–697.
16. Medvedev, B.I. and Pochtarenko, N.S., Determination of Unsteady Heat Transfer Factor for Mine Workings in Case of Underground Fire, Mining Mineral Deposits: Republican Interbranch Sci. Tech. Collection, 1972, issue 30, pp. 102–108.
17. Voropaev, À.F., Teoriya teploobmena rudnichnogo vozdukha i gornykh porod v glubokikh shakhtakh (The Theory of Heat Transfer of Mine Air and Rocks in Deep Mines), Moscow: Nedra, 1966.
18. Gendler, S.G., A Method for Determining Heat Transfer Coefficient in Mine Workings, Promyshl. Teplotekhnika, 1986, vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 44–47.
GEOINFORMATION SCIENCE
TEMPORAL APPROACH TO MODELING OBJECTS WITHIN. A. MINING TECHNOLOGY
O. V. Nagovitsyn* and S. V. Lukichev**
Mining Institute, Kola Science Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Apatity, 184209 Russia
*e-mail: Nagovitsyn@goi.klasc.net.ru
**e-mail: lu24@goi.kolasc.net.ru
The authors put forward a concept of modeling objects within a mining technology. The concept integrates the technology content and state change of an object, and allows processing and storage of temporal data on digital mine twin. A set of such models shapes a joint dynamic model of evolution of all mine objects in the course of mineral mining. Using this approach, the time-variable vector, triangulation and block models can be synchronized via transactions in data bases, and can be used to describe the life cycles of individual objects or their sets within a mining technology. Implementation of this concept can help handle problems connected with digital twining of mines.
Model of object within mining technology, temporal data, open pit mine, underground mine, geological information systems
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739120060174
REFERENCES
1. Vujic, S., Maksimovic, S., Radosavljvic, M., and Krunic, D.J., Intersector Modeling and Mining, J. Min. Sci., 2018, vol. 54, no. 5, pp. 773–781.
2. Nagovitsyn, O.V. and Lukichev, S.V., Computer Technologies for Designing and Scheduling Open-Pit Mining, Proc. 2nd Int. Conf. Deep Open-Pit Mines, Apatity, 2015.
3. Barnewold, L., Digital Technology Trends and Their Implementation in the Mining Industry, Appl. Comput. Oper. Res.: Mineral Ind. Proc. 39th Int. Symp. APCOM 2019, Wroclaw, Poland, 2019.
4. Lukichev, S.V. and Nagovitsyn, O.V., Modeling Objects and Processes within a Mining Technology as a Framework for a System Approach to Solve Mining Problems, J. Min. Sci., 2018, vol. 54, no. 6, pp. 1041–1049.
5. Kapageridis, I.K., Current State of Integrated Software Solutions for the Mining Industry, Masterbulder, 2009.
6. Lukichev, S.V. and Nagovitsyn, O.V., Sovremennye informatsionnye tekhnologii v gornom dele. Mirovaya gornaya promyshlennost’: istoriya, dostizheniya, perspektivy: sb. analit. st. Tom II (Modern Information Technologies in Mining. World Mining Industry: History, Achievements, Prospects: Collection of Analyt. Art. Vol. II), Moscow: NPK Gornoe delo, 2013.
7. Sharafeeva, Yu.A. and Stepacheva, A.V., Variogram Analysis of Spatial Variability of Phosphorus Oxide (V) Content on the Example of Apatite Cirque Deposit, Gornyi Zhurnal, 2018, no. 5, pp. 64–70.
8. Bilin, A.L. and Belogorodtsev, O.V., Development of Principles for Determining Open Pit Boundaries in Steeply Dipping Deposits. Innovative Geotechnologies in Mining Ore and Nonmetallic Deposits, Coll. Rep. VII Int. Sci. Tech. Conf., Ekaterinburg, UGGU, 2018.
9. Bilin, A.L. and Nagovitsyn, O.V., Automation of Long-Term Scheduling in Open Pit Mines Using Computer Modeling Methods, Mining Informational and Analytical Bulletin—GIAB, 2019, no. 11 (sp. issue 37), pp. 77–84.
10. Manriquez, F., Gonzalez, H., and Morales, N., Short-Term Open-Pit Mine Production Scheduling with Hierarchical Objectives, Appl. Comput. Oper. Res.: Mineral Ind. Proc. 39th Int. Symp. APCOM 2019, Wroclaw, Poland, 2019.
11. Sabour, S.A. and Dimitrakopoulos, R., Incorporating Geological and Market Uncertainties and Operational Flexibility into Open Pit Mine Design, J. Min. Sci., 2011, vol. 47, no. 2, pp. 191–201.
12. Vargas, M., Latorre, A., Contador, N., Hernandez, E., and Torres, R., Assessment Processes of Construction and Drilling and Blasting Integration through a Technology Platform, Appl. Comput. Oper. Res.: Mineral Ind. Proc. 37th Int. Symp. APCOM 2015, Fairbanks, Alaska, 2015.
13. Laptev, V.V., Numerical Modeling of Crushed Rock Flow during the Ore Drawing Using the ROCKY DEM Software, Vestn. MGTU, 2019, vol. 22, no. 1, pp. 149–157.
14. Nagovitsyn, O.V. and Lukichev, S.V., Development of Methods for Modeling Mining and Geological Objects in the MINEFRAME System, Information Technologies in Mining, Proc. Int. Sci. Conf., Yekaterinburg: IGD UrO RAN, 2012.
15. Kozyrev, A.A., Lukichev, S.V., Nagovitsyn, O.V., and Semenova, I.E., Technological and Geomechanical Modeling for Mining Safety Improvement, Appl. Comput. Oper. Res.: Mineral Ind. Proc. 37th Int. Symp. APCOM 2015, Fairbanks, Alaska, 2015.
16. Askari-Nasab, H., Frimpong, S., and Awuah-Offei, K., Intelligent Optimal Production Scheduling Estimator, Appl. Comput. Oper. Res.: Mineral Ind. Proc. 32nd Int. Symp. APCOM 2005, Tucson, USA, L.: Taylor & Francis Group, 2004.
17. Goodbody, A., A Deeper Design, 2012, Min. Magazine, March. http://www.miningmagazine.com/ management/general-management/a-deeper-design/
NEW METHODS AND INSTRUMENTS IN MINING
LABORATORY INSTALLATION SIMULATING. A. HYDRAULIC FRACTURING OF FRACTURED ROCK MASS
S. V. Serdyukov*, L. A. Rybalkin, A. N. Drobchik, A. V. Patutin, and T. V. Shilova
Chinakal Institute of Mining, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences,
Novosibirsk, 630091 Russia
*e-mail: ss3032@yandex.ru
The article presents the manufacturing procedure and the test results for a synthetic layered and jointed medium with a preset internal structure and the pronounced anisotropy of properties. The laboratory installation for hydraulic fracturing of large-size cubic models under independent triaxial loading, the laboratory installation hydraulics and the measurement-and-recording equipment are described.
Rock mass, hydraulic fracturing, physical modeling, nonunifrom layered media, jointed rocks, mechanical and flow properties, test cell, hydraulics, measurement-and-recording equipment
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739120060186
REFERENCES
1. Lekontsev, Yu.M. and Sazhin, P.V., Directional Hydraulic Fracturing in Difficult Caving Roof Control and Coal Degassing, J. Min. Sci., 2014, vol. 50, no. 5, pp. 914–917.
2. Kurlenya, M.V., Serdyukov, S.V., Patutin, A.V., and Shilova, T.V., Stimulation of Underground Degassing in Coal Seams by Hydraulic Fracturing Method, J. Min. Sci., 2017, vol. 53, no. 6, pp. 975–980.
3. Serdyukov, S.V., Kurlenya, M.V., and Patutin, A.V., Hydraulic Fracturing for In Situ Stress Measurement, J. Min. Sci., 2016, vol. 52, no. 6, pp. 1031–1038.
4. Shilova, T., Patutin, A., and Serdyukov, S., Sealing Quality Increasing of Coal Seam Gas Drainage Wells by Barrier Screening Method, Int. Multidiscip. Sci. GeoConf. SGEM, 2013, vol. 1, pp. 701–708.
5. Chen, J., Li, X., Cao, H., and Huang, L., Experimental Investigation of the Influence of Pulsating Hydraulic Fracturing on Pre-Existing Fractures Propagation in Coal, J. Pet. Sci. Eng., 2020, vol. 189. 107040.
6. Zhao, X., Huang, B., and Xu, J., Experimental Investigation on the Characteristics of Fractures Initiation and Propagation for Gas Fracturing by Using Air as Fracturing Fluid under True Triaxial Stresses, Fuel, 2019, vol. 236, pp. 1496–1504.
7. Wang, J., Guo, Y., Zhang, K., Ren, G., and Ni, J., Experimental Investigation on Hydraulic Fractures in the Layered Shale Formation, Geofluids, 2019, vol. 2019. 4621038.
8. Cheng, Y. and Zhang, Y., Experimental Study of Fracture Propagation: The Application in Energy Mining, Energies, 2020, vol. 13, no. 6. 1411.
9. Jiang, T., Zhang, J., and Wu, H., Experimental and Numerical Study on Hydraulic Fracture Propagation in Coalbed Methane Reservoir, J. Nat. Gas. Sci. Eng., 2016, vol. 35, pp. 455–467.
10. Fu, H., Zhang, F., Weng, D., Liu, Y., Yan, Y., Liang, T., Guan, B., Wang, X., and Zheng, W., The Simulation Method Research of Hydraulic Fracture Initiation with Perforations, Proc. IFEDC 2018, Springer Ser. Geomech. Geoeng., 2018, pp. 1229–1240.
11. Ito, T., Igarashi, A., Suzuki, K., and Nagakubo, S., Laboratory Study of Hydraulic Fracturing Behavior in Unconsolidated Sands for Methane Hydrate Production, Offshore Technol. Conf., 2008, OTC-19324-MS.
12. Svoistva gornykh porod (Properties of Rocks), https://www.tyuiu.ru/media/files/2009/12_03/file.2008–10–07.doc (application date: 18.10.2020).
13. Serdyukov, S.V., Shilova, T.V., and Drobchik, A.N., Laboratory Installation and Procedure to Determine Gas Permeability of Rocks, J. Min. Sci., 2017, vol. 53, no. 5, pp. 954–961.
14. Rassokhin, S.G., Anisotropy of Rock Flow Properties and its Influence on Relative Phase Permeabilities, Geolog. Neft. Gaza, 2013, no. 3, pp. 53–56.
15. El’tsov, I.N., Moshkin, N.P., Shelukhin, V.V., and Epov, M.I., Self-Polarization Potential near a Hydraulic Fracture, DAN, 2016, vol. 467, no. 2, pp. 211–215.
PERFORMANCE IMPROVEMENT OF ON-LINE XRF ANALYSIS OF MINERALS ON. A. CONVEYOR BELT
V. Kondratjevs, K. Landmans, A. Sokolovs, and V. Gostilo*
Baltic Scientific Instruments, Riga, LV-1005 Latvia
*e-mail: office@bsi.lv
Results of modernisation of an on-line X-ray fluorescent analyzer are presented, and its new capabilities are considered when investigating the composition of materials on the conveyor. The metrological characteristics of the analyzer are improved owing to the use of modern electronic components in the instrument part and new analytical software.
XRF analysis of materials, elemental analysis, on-line material analysis
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739120060198
REFERENCES
1. Whiten, B., Calculation of Mineral Composition from Chemical Assays, Miner. Process. Extr. Metall. Rev., 2007, vol. 29, no. 2, pp. 83–97.
2. Coomber, D., Radiochemical Methods in Analysis, Springer, 1975.
3. Gandhi, S.M. and Sarkar, B.C., Essentials of Mineral Exploration and Evaluation, Elsevier, 2016.
4. Gromov, E.V., Biryukov, V.V., and Zotov, A.M., Solving Problems in Ore Mining and Processing Using Information Technologies, J. Min. Sci., 2018, vol. 54, no. 6, pp. 995–1003.
5. Rostovtsev, V.I., Kondrat’ev, S.A., and Baksheeva, I.I., Improvement of Copper-Nickel Ore Concentration under Energy Deposition, J. Min. Sci., 2017, vol. 53, no. 5, pp. 907–914.
6. Volkov, A.I. and Alov, N.V., Automated Systems for Determining the Chemical Composition of Bulk and Lump Materials on a Conveyor (Overview), Problems Ferrous Metal. Mater. Sci., 2011, no. 2, pp. 75–88.
7. Beckhoff, B., Kanngie?er, B., Langhoff, N., Wedell, R., and Wolff, H., Handbook of Practical X-Ray Fluorescence Analysis, Springer, 2006.
8. Molnar, G., Handbook of Prompt Gamma Activation Analysis, Springer, 2004.
9. Tsuji, K., Injuk, J., and Van Grieken, R. (Eds.), X-Ray Spectrometry: Recent Technological Advances, John Wiley and Sons Ltd., 2004.
10. Sokolov, A., Docenko, D., Bliakher, E., et al. On-Line Analysis of Chrome-Iron Ores on a Conveyor Belt Using X-Ray Fluorescence Analysis, X-Ray Spectrometry, 2005, vol. 34, pp. 456–459.
11. Baltic Scientific Instruments. On-line XRF Conveyor Analyzer CON-X, 2019. http://bsi.lv/en/products/ xrf-analyzers/line-xrf-conveyor-analyzer-con-x.
12. Hasikova, E.I., Sokolov, A.D., and Titov, V.L., Quantitative Analysis of Uranium and Thorium Containing Materials Using Industrial On-Line XRF Analyzer, ALTA U-REE, 2017.
13. Hasikova, E.I., Sokolov, A.D., and Titov, V.L., Real-Time X-Ray Fluorescence Analysis of Copper-Nickel Materials Flow on Conveyor Belt, ALTA Ni-Co-Cu, 2017.
14. Hasikova, J., Sokolov, A., and Titov, V., On-Line X-Ray Fluorescence Analysis of Uranium and Thorium Materials in Mining and Processing Industry, Proc. 7th Int. Conf. Uranium Min. Hydrogeol., Springer, 2014.
15. Hasikova, J., Titov, V., Sokolov, A., and Gostilo, V., On-Line XRF Analysis of Potash Materials at Various Stages of Processing, Can. Inst. Min. Metall. Pet.—CIM J., 2014, vol. 5, no. 4, pp. 256–260.
16. Hasikova, J., Sokolov, A., Titov, V., and Dirba, A., On-Line XRF Analysis of Phosphate Materials at Various Stages of Processing, Procedia Eng., 2014, vol. 83, pp. 455–461.
17. Docenko, D., Gostilo, V., Sokolov, A., and Rozite, A., On-Line Measurement of Uranium in Ores Using, URAM 2009 Proc., Vienna, 2009.
18. Crossroads Scientific. Software XRS-FP, 2019. https://crossroadsscientific.com/xrs-fp.html.
 Âåðñèÿ äëÿ ïå÷àòè (îòêðîåòñÿ â íîâîì îêíå)
|
