JMS, Vol. 56, No. 5, 2020
GEOMECHANICS
MITIGATION OF SHOCK WAVE EFFECT PRODUCED BY AN EXPLOSION IN MINES BY CHANGING SAFETY BARRIER PENETRABILITY
V. M. Fomin*, B. V. Postnikov, and V. A. Kolotilov
Khristianovich Institute of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences,
Novosibirsk, 630090 Russia
*e-mail: fomin@itam.nsc.ru
Shock wave travel in a roadway with impermeable safety barriers is modeled numerically in the equilibrium and non-viscous formulation. Inclined and arched barriers are studied at the varied porosity in a range from 0 to 0.8. The inclined and arched barriers decrease the load exerted on the barrier structure by the shock wave owing to formation of a reflected wave which is oblique, or radial in case of the arched barrier. An increase in porosity of the barrier can additionally weaken the shock wave effect but barriers with high penetrability make the defensive screen inefficient, which is confirmed by the higher differential pressure at the shock wave front after passing the barrier.
Shock wave, roadway, explosion, penetrable barrier
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739120056983
REFERENCES
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4. Fomin, V.M., Postnikov, B.V., Kolotilov, V.A., Shalaev, V.S., Shalaev, Yu.V., and Florya, N.F., Modeling Shock Wave Processes in a Mine Opening with Permeable Barriers, J. Min. Sci., 2019, vol. 55, no. 1, pp. 18–22.
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HYDRAULIC FRACTURING OF THICK-WALLED CYLINDRICAL BODIES
M. A. Legan, V. A. Blinov, A. G. Demeshkin, A. Yu. Larichkin*, and A. N. Novoselov
Lavrentiev Institute of Hydrodynamics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences,
Novosibirsk, 630090 Russia
*e-mail: larichking@gmail.com
The article describes the experimental studies into hydraulic fracturing of thick-walled cylinders with a circular hole and made of cement-based GF-177 mixture. Limiting stresses are determined in four types of stress state of the bodies: uniaxial compression and tension, Brazilian Test and hydraulic fracturing. The data of the Brazilian Test and compression of rectangular parallelepipeds and circular cylinders were used to determine limiting pressure in hydraulic fracturing. The critical stress intensity factor is found. The calculated limiting pressures are compared with the values found analytically from the Lame solution and with the test data. The influence of the storage interval on the strength is described.
Hydraulic fracturing, brittle fracture, nonlocal fracture criterion
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739120057007
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THE EFFECT OF LIMESTONE POROSITY ON THE VELOCITY OF P- AND S-WAVES UNDER MECHANICAL AND THERMAL LOADING
P. V. Nikolenko, V. L. Shkuratnik*, and M. D. Chepur
National University of Science and Technology–MISIS, Moscow, 119049 Russia
*e-mail: ftkp@mail.ru
The thermal and mechanical tests of different porosity limestone show that an increase in the axial load results in the higher velocities of elastic waves while elevation of temperature decreases them. Higher temperatures act to raise velocities of P- and S-waves with increasing mechanical load, which enhances acoustic strain-sensitivity of rock. The spectral analysis of the recorded signals shows that higher temperature shifts spectrum maxima to lower frequency region. It is found that size of pores has influence on attenuation frequency of ultrasonic signals. The authors describe new approaches to acoustic strain-sensitivity control in rocks and to stress measurement reliability enhancement toward stability of underground structures.
Rock, porosity, ultrasound, temperature, P-wave, S-wave, uniaxial load
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739120057019
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EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF POROPERM PROPERTIES OF GEOMATERIALS IN NONUNIFORM STRESS FIELD
L. A. Nazarova*, N. A. Golikov, A. A. Skulkin, and L. A. Nazarov
Chinakal Institute of Mining, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences,
Novosibirsk, 630091 Russia
*e-mail: lanazarova@ngs.ru
Trofimuk Institute of Petroleum Geology and Geophysics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences,
Novosibirsk, 630090 Russia
Novosibirsk State Technical University,
Novosibirsk, 630073 Russia
The research methodology for anisotropic permeability of geomaterials due to nonuniform stress state is theoretically justified and tested on a laboratory scale. The poroperm properties of fine grain sand and cryogel are investigated in diametral compression tests of cylindrical specimens with a center hole. The time-independent flow rate is measured in various areas of side surfaces of the specimens. The inverse coefficient problem on empirical permeability–effective stress relationship is formulated, and its solvability is demonstrated.
Lab-scale experiment, artificial geomaterial, cylindrical specimen with center hole, diametral compression, permeability, flow rate, nonuniform stress state, inverse problem
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739120057020
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OPTIMIZATION OF PILLAR SHAPE USING THE LEIBENSON–ISHLINSKY STABILITY CRITERION
A. I. Chanyshev
Chinakal Institute of Mining, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences,
Novosibirsk, 630091 Russia
Novosibirsk State University of Economics and Management,
Novosibirsk, 630099 Russia
e-mail: a.i.chanyshev@gmail.com
The author solves the problem connected with determination of shape of pillars which remain stable under any compression due to barrel distortion. The analysis of cylindrical structures uses the known Leibenson–Ishlinsky stability criterion. The boundary conditions of the problem and its solution are obtained: elasticity in the form of the critical load dependence on the height/radius ratio of pillars. The found asymptote to the curves is associated with the optimized shape of pillars.
Pillar instability, critical load, elasticity, optimized shape
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739120057032
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COMPRESSIVE STRESSES IN HYDRAULIC FRACTURES
A. M. Svalov
Oil and Gas Research Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences,
Moscow, 119333 Russia
e-mail: svalov@ipng.ru
In hydraulic fracturing of producing formations in oil and gas reservoir engineering, as well as in coal gas drainage, hydraulic fractures are propped by solid particles—proppant that prevents closure of fractures under the action of compressive stresses in rocks. It is shown that alongside with lateral earth pressure, the compressive stresses in fractures are governed by additional compression generated by fracturing and by compression of rock in depression zone formed in the reservoir fluid inflow to the fracture. The compressive effect in the depression zone can be adjusted by reducing the rate of depression growth in time. This method of compression decrease in fractures is the most efficient in reservoir engineering and in shallow coal seam gas drainage. The compressive stresses in the depression zone are comparable with the lateral earth pressure, thus, the differential pressure step-up can make it possible to keep the stress–strain behavior of rock in the neighborhood of a hydraulic fracture within the limits of elastic deformation and to prevent the fracture closure with irreversible pressing-in of proppant in rock.
Hydraulic fractures, oil/gas/coal formations, compressive stresses
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739120057044
REFERENCES
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DEFORMATION AND FAILURE OF CONCRETE LINING IN VERTICAL SHAFT AT INTERSECTIONS WITH HORIZONTAL TUNNELS
V. V. Tarasov*, V. N. Aptukov**, and V. S. Pestrikova
VNII Galurgii,
Perm, 614000 Russia
*e-mail: Vladislav.Tarasov@uralkali.com
Perm State National Research University,
Perm, 614000 Russia
**e-mail: Aptukov@psu.ru
The article describes the long-term in-situ observations and inspection of concrete lining in air inlet shaft No. 3 in Uralkali’s mine, which reveal the main causes of the lining failure at intersections with horizontal tunnels and in the areas of instable rocks. Numerical modeling of rock creeping and damage areas in lining at intersections with tunnels is performed in the axially symmetric and three-dimensional formulations. The calculations agree with the observation data, which proves efficiency of mathematical modeling in estimation of deformation and failure of concrete lining during shaft design and operation. Prediction of damage evolution in concrete lining in shaft No. 3 is carried out for the next 10 years.
Mine shaft, instable rocks, in-situ observations, concrete lining, fractures, salt rock creep, intersection, mathematical modeling
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739120057056
REFERENCES
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PROBABILISTIC ASSESSMENT OF ROCK SLOPE STABILITY IN OPEN PIT MINE CHAARAT USING THE GENERALIZED HOEK–BROWN CRITERION
K. Kang*, I. K. Fomenko**, J. Wang***, and O. V. Nikolskaya****
School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University,
Wuxi, 214122 P. R. China
*e-mail: kevinkang8@mail.ru
Faculty of Hydrogeology, Russian State Geological Prospecting University,
Moscow, 117997 Russia
**e-mail: ifolga@gmail.com
Institute of Mineral Resources, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,
Beijing, 100037 P. R. China
***e-mail: wangjiawei0824@163.com
Institute of Geomechanics and Subsoil Development, National Academy of Sciences of the Kyrgyz Republic,
Bishkek, 720055 Kyrgyz Republic
****e-mail: nikol-48@mail.ru
The slope stability evaluation using the generalized Hoek–Brown criterion and regarding the scale effect has been implemented in terms of the Chaarat gold project. Furthermore, the probabilistic assessment and sensitivity analysis are performed. Slope failure probabilities are determined, and the slope stability factors are obtained as functions of the slope height and angle. The slope stability estimation based on classified approach considering the scale effect, including GSI rating and probabilistic analysis is tested in rock slopes. Slope stability is mainly governed by variability of the Geological Strength Index related with the scale effect.
Slope, rock mass, slope stability, Hoek–Brown criterion, scale effect, risk analysis
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739120057068
REFERENCES
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ROCK FAILURE
COMPUTER MODELING OF COAL SEAM BLASTING
V. A. Trofimov and I. E. Shipovskii*
Academician Melnikov Research Institute for Comprehensive Exploitation of Mineral Resources—IPKON,
Russian Academy of Sciences,
Moscow, 111020 Russia
*e-mail: shiposvkiy_i@ipkonran.ru
The authors discuss the mechanism of breaking coal by blasting with a view to optimizing this method of dynamic treatment of coal and improving drilling-and-basting performance. A combination model of high gassy coal is used to describe the connection between coal breaking by blasting and subsequent gas liberation. This model and the smoothed-particle hydrodynamics method are used to study evolution of damage zones and stress–strain behavior of coal in the neighborhood of a blasthole after explosion. The research findings help predict coal response to the dynamic impact.
Blasting, dynamic impact, coal seam with high methane content, pre-fracture, computer modeling
DOI: 10.1134/S106273912005707X
REFERENCES
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6. Fan, X.G., Wang, H.T., Yuan, Z.G., and Xu, H.X., The Analysis on Pre-Splitting Blasting to Improve Permeability Draining Rate in Heading Excavation, Chongqing Daxue Xuebao, J. Chongqing University, 2010, vol. 33(9), pp. 69–73.
7. Xie, Z., Zhang, D., Song, Z., Li, M., Liu, Ch., and Sun, D., Optimization of Drilling Layouts Based on Controlled Presplitting Blasting through Strata for Gas Drainage in Coal Roadway Strips, Energies, 2017, vol. 10 (8), pp. 1–13.
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15. Lu, T.K., Yu, H., Zhou, T.Y., Mao, J.S., and Guo, B.H., Improvement of Methane Drainage in High Gassy Coal Seam Using Waterjet Technique, Int. J. Coal Geol., 2009, vol. 79, pp. 40–48.
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19. Andrieux, P. and Hadjigeorgiou, J., The Destressability Index Methodology for the Assessment of the Likelihood of Success of a Large-Scale Con?ned Destress Blast in an Underground Mine Pillar, Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci., 2008, vol. 45 (3), pp. 407–421.
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21. Odintsev, V. and Shipovskii, I., Simulating Explosive Effect on Gas-Dynamic State of Outburst-Hazardous Coal Band, J. Min. Sci., 2019, vol. 55, no. 4, pp. 556–566.
22. Odintsev, V. and Shipovskii, I., Numerical Simulation of the Stress-Strain State of a Coal Seam Caused by an Explosion of a Blast-Hole Charge with an Annular Gap, Proc. 26th Conference on Numerical Methods for Solving Problems in the Theory of Elasticity and Plasticity, Tomsk, 2019.
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41. Trofimov, V.A. and Shipovskii, I.E., Simulation Fragmentation of Samples of Rock at Explosive Loading, Proc. 8th Int. Sci. Conference on the Problems of Complex Development of Georesources, Khabarovsk, 2020.
A NEW EVALUATION PROCEDURE OF ROCK FRACABILITY USING CLUSTER ANALYSIS OF WELL-LOGGED PETROPHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF FACIES
Zhou Xiaofeng*, He Feng, and Wei Jianguang
MOE Key Laboratory of Continental Shale Hydrocarbon Accumulation and Efficient Development,
Northeast Petroleum University, Daqing 163318 China
*e-mail: zhouxiofeng@nepu.edu.cn
Research Institute of Unconventional Oil and Gas Resources, Northeast Petroleum University,
Daqing 163318 China
Shale Gas Exploration and Recovery Department, CNPC Chuanqing Drilling Engineering,
Chengdu, 610051 China
The authors present a new rock fracability evaluation procedure using the cluster analysis of log data on petrophysical properties of facies. The effect of the physical and mechanical properties of rocks on the fracability evaluation results is analyzed in combination with the geophysical log data. The triaxial compression tests of cores are carried out to determine their brittleness indices. An entry-level classification of petrophysical properties of rock facies is implemented by the cluster analysis of the geophysical log curves. A new classification procedure is proposed for the petro facies analysis using the permeability index and brittleness index of rocks, and the profile of rock fracablity index is obtained. Application of the procedure is illustrated using core data from a reservoir in China. The fracability index of cores sampled in a horizontal well correlates well with the calculated profile of fracability index.
Rock, fracability, cluster analysis, petro facies analysis
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739120057081
REFERENCES
1. Zhou, X., Zolotukhin, A.B., and Zhang, Sh., Determination procedure of fracture properties after multiple hydraulic fracturing, Neft. Khoz-vo, 2016, no. 6, pp. 108–111.
2. Zhou, X., Zolotukhin, A.B., and Gayubov, A.T., A New Approach to Determining Multistage Hydraulic Fracture Size by Well Production Data, J. Min. Sci., 2017, vol. 53, no. 6, pp. 1037–1042.
3. Elkin, S.V., Aleroev, A.A., and Veremko, N.A., Model of Horizontal Well Flow Rate as Function of Number of Created Fractures in Hydraulic Fracturing, Neft. Khoz-vo, 2016, no. 1, pp. 64–67.
4. Qiu Ping, Procedure to Select Hydraulic Fracturing Technology in Shale Gas Production, Candidate of Engineering Sciences Dissertation: 25.00.17, Moscow: RGU nefti gaza im. I. M. Gubkina, 2017.
5. Li, Q., Chen, M., and Jin, Y., Indoor Evaluation Method for Shale Brittleness and Improvement, Chinese J. Rock Mech. Eng., 2012, vol. 31, no. 8, pp. 1680–1685 (in Chinese).
6. Yuan Junliang, Deng Jingen, and Zhang Dingyu, Fracability Evaluation of Shale-Gas Reservoirs, Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2013, vol. 34, no. 3, pp. 523–527 (in Chinese).
7. Kahraman, S. and Altindag R., A Brittleness Index to Estimate Fracture Toughness, Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci., 2004, vol. 41, no. 2, pp. 343–348.
8. Krasnikov, A.A., Melikov, R.F., and Pavlov, V.A., Calculation of Geomechanical Properties of the Bazhenov–Abalak Rocks to Predict Fracturing Zones, Neft. Provin., 2018, no. 3(15), pp. 31–43.
9. Markin, M.A., Gula, A.K., and Yusupov, Ya.I. Integrated Geomechanical Approach to Selectioon of Hydraulic Intervals in Terms of the Bazhenov Formation within the Krasnoleninskii Arch, Burenie Neft, 2–16, no. 9, pp. 50–54.
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11. Yang Xiujuan, Zhang Min, and Yan Xiangzhen, Study on Acoustic Logging—Based on Rock Elasticity Parameters, Petroleum Geology and Engineering, 2008, vol. 22, no. 4, pp. 39–42 (in Chinese).
12. Tyurin, A.G. and Zuev, I.O., Cluster Analysis, Methods and Algorithms of Clustering, Vestn. MGTU MIREA, 2014, no. 2(3), pp. 86–97.
STUDYING TIME DOMAIN REFLECTOMETRY TO PREDICT SLOPE FAILURE IN OPEN-CAST MINES
Devendra Kumar Yadav*, Guntha Karthik***, Singam Jayanthu**, Santos Kumar Das****, and Sanjay Kumar Sharma*****
Department of Mining Engineering, NIT, Rourkela, Odisha 769008 India
*e-mail: devenya2091@gmail.com
**e-mail: sjayanthu@gmail.com
Stanley College of Engineering & Technology for Women, Hyderabad, India
***e-mail: gunthakarthik@rocketmail.com
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, NIT, Rourkela, Odisha, India
****e-mail: dassk@nitrkl.ac.in
Department of Mining Engineering IIT BHU, Varanasi, India
*****e-mail: sksharma.min@iitbhu.ac.in
In this study, time domain reflectometry (TDR) is engaged to observe coaxial cable deformity caused by slope movements. Laboratory shear tests were executed to measure the deformity magnitude caused by shear failure using two coaxial cables—RG-6 and RG-213. Two assessments are performed in laboratory testing, to determine the deformity magnitude—shear test and open-cast (OC) model. For shear test, two regression methods are computed—linear and quadratic regression. The quadratic regression results show more effective positive correlation with shear deformity as compared to linear regression results. For RG-6 and RG-213 cables, the average highest magnitude of coaxial cable deformity by shear failure is 11 mm and 14 mm, respectively, which are equivalent to reflection coefficient (RC) of 0.49 and 0.050 for RG-6 and RG-213, respectively, beyond which the cable breached. Field tests are also performed, which concluded that TDR is the most preferable technique to monitor slopes of OC mines.
Coaxial cable, time domain reflectometry (TDR), open-cast model, reflection coefficient, slope movement, shear testing
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739120057093
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PREDICTION OF BOULDER COUNT IN LIMESTONE QUARRY BLASTING: STATISTICAL MODELING APPROACH
P. Y. Dhekne*, M. Pradhan, R. K. Jade, and R. Mishra
Department of Mining Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Raipur, 492010 India
*e-mail: pdhekne@nitrr.ac.in
This paper describes the development of statistical models for assessing the boulder count resulting from the limestone quarry blasting. A database of three hundred blasts was created for the development of the model. The database consists of number of holes per row, number of rows, average spacing, average burden, average depth, average stemming, explosive type, total charge fired in one round and the boulder count. All the variables in the database are ratio type except the type of the explosive, which is a nominal variable. Hence two distinct statistical models have been developed for the ANFO and the SME blasts. The models have been developed in SPSS 20.0. The Student’s t-Tests and Fisher’s Exact Tests have been carried out on the models to identify the significant variables. It is further found that the prediction capability of the statistical models is strong, and it provides an easy option to the field engineers to assess the blast design for the boulder-count. The developed statistical models are suitable for practical use at the limestone quarries having similar geotechnical setup.
Multiple regression, blasting, rock fragmentation, boulder count
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739120057105
REFERENCES
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DIRECTIONAL CONJUGATE FRACTURING IN ROCK MASS USING HOLES AS PLASTIC FLUID FRONT GUIDES
N. G. Kyu
Chinakal Institute of Mining, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences,
Novosibirsk, 630091 Russia
e-mail: Ku-nik1945@mail.ru
The author addresses a method of creating directional conjugated fractures in a solid medium, integrating features of interaction of fractures and holes, specifics of fracturing by plastic materials and the use of holes as the front guides and limiters of created fractures. This method can be used to enhance efficiency of open pit and underground mining, as well as for creation of closed impermeable envelopes for advancement of slot mining technologies without construction of underground mines.
Fracture, fluid fracturing, shape, hole, guide, hydrofracture front
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739120057117
REFERENCES
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3. Kyu, N.G., Particular Issues Associated with Fluid Fracturing of Rocks by Plastic Materials, J. Min. Sci., 2011, vol. 47, no. 4, pp. 450–459.
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6. Kyu, N.G., Characteristics and Problems of Rock Fracturing by Fluids, J. Min. Sci., 2017, vol. 53, no. 5, pp. 837–847.
MINERAL MINING TECHNOLOGY
EFFECT OF BLASTING ON METHANE DRAINAGE IN COAL SEAM
M. V. Kurlenya, M. N. Tsupov, A. V. Savchenko*, and K. A. Pugachev
Chinakal Institute of Mining, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630091 Russia
*e-mail: miningcenter@yandex.ru
Butovskaya Mine, Borovoi Settlement, Kemerovo Region, 650902 Russia
The authors analyze gas control readings obtained in Butovskaya Mine, Kemerovo Region, in step-down phase of seismicity and after blasting operations. It is estimated how seismic waves induced by blasting influences methane drainage in coal seams. It is found that methane release from coal seam to roadways increases after seismic impact.
Coal seam, blasting operations, methane drainage, gas control
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739120057129
REFERENCES
1. Emanov, A.F., Emanov, A.A., Fateev, A.V., Bakh, A.A., Durachenko, A.V., Shevkunova, E.V., Serezhnikov, N.A., and Vorona, U.Yu., Methodological Framework for the Joint Instrumental Seismic Monitoring of Geological Environment and Critical Buildings and Structures, Vestn. NTS VostNII Prom. Ekolog. Bezop., 2019, no. 3, pp. 14–44.
2. Li, T., Cai, M.F., and Cai, M., Earthquake-Induced Unusual Gas Emission in Coal Mines—A km-Scale In-Situ Experimental Investigation at Laohutai Mine, Int. J. of Coal Geol., 2007, vol. 71, pp. 209–224.
3. Si, G., Durucan, S., Jamnikar, S., Lazar, J., Abraham, K., Korre, A., Shi, Ji-Q., Zavsek, S., Mutke, G., and Lurka, A., Seismic Monitoring and Analysis Of Excessive Gas Emissions in Heterogeneous Coal Seams, J. Coal Geol., 2015, vol. 149, pp. 41–54.
4. Kurlenya, M.V., Tsupov, M.N., and Savchenko, A.V., Influence of the Bachatsky Earthquake on Methane Emission in Roadways in Coal Mines, J. Min. Sci., 2019, vol. 55, no. 5, pp. 695–700.
OPTIMIZATION OF GRADING OF SAND IN BACKFILL USING METALLURGICAL WASTE
T. I. Rubashkina* and M. A. Korneichuk
Belgorod State University, Belgorod, 308015 Russia
*e-mail: rubashkina@bsu.edu.ru
It is technologically and economically advisable to optimize grading of low-quality fine and very fine sand with increased content of clay and dust particles used in preparation of cemented backfill mixtures by adding blast-furnace granular slag screenings 0–5 mm in size without preliminary treatment. The relationships of the size modulus, specific grain area and clay/dust particle content of sand and the percentage of slag in the composite aggregate are obtained. It is found that with increasing percentage of slag in the composite aggregate, water demand lowers owing to the higher size modulus of the aggregate and due to the decreased content of clay particles in it. This allows production of cemented backfill mixtures at the decreased consumption of cement while the strength and flowability of the mixtures are preserved.
Cemented backfill, blast-furnace granular slag screenings, aggregate grading, cemented backfill strength, backfill flowability
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739120057130
REFERENCES
1. Russian Federation State Standard GOST 8736–2014, Moscow: Standartinform, 2019.
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3. Bazhenov, Yu.M. and Kharchenko, A.I., Fine-Grain Backfill Concrete Using Low-Grade Sand, Nauch.-Tekhn. Vestn. Povolzhiya, 2012, no. 5, pp. 86–88.
4. Kosach, A.F., Influence of Specific Area of River Sand Particles on Physical and Mechanical Properties of Fine-Grain Concrete, Vestn. YuGU, 2012, no. 2 (25), pp. 34–36.
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16. Ke, X., Zhou, X., Wang, X., Wang, T., Hou, H., and Zhou, M., Effect of Tailings Fineness on the Pore Structure Development of Cemented Paste Backfill, Constr. Build. Mater., 2016, vol. 126, pp. 345–350.
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INFLUENCE OF COAL PARTICLE SIZE DISTRIBUTION ON METHANE RELEASE IN HIGH-OUTPUT LONGWALLS
A. A. Ordin*, A. M. Timoshenko, and D. V. Botvenko
Chinakal Institute of Mining, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences,
Novosibirsk, 630091 Russia
*e-mail: ordin@misd.ru
VostNII Science and Production Center, Kemerovo, 650002 Russia
Institute of Computational Technologies, Federal Research Center, Novosibirsk, 630090 Russia
VostNII Science Center, Kemerovo, 650002 Russia
Modern heavy-duty shearers cut coal with high production of dust particles. The screen tests of coal from Zarechnaya Mine are reported. Methane flow rate is theoretically calculated as function of dispersion phase in coal from Zarechnaya Mine at different particle size distribution of coal. It is found that methane flow rate reaches its maximum in fine coal 0–25 mm in size.
Mine, coal, shearer, particle size distribution, methane release, surface area, dust particles
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739120057142
REFERENCES
1. Plakitkina, A.S., Analiz i perspektivy razvitiya ugol’noi promyshlennosti osnovnykh stran mira, byvshego SSSR i Rossii v period do 2030 (Coal Industry in the Main Countries of the World, Former USSR and Russia over the period to 2030: Analysis and Growth Prospects), Moscow: INEI RAN, 2013.
2. Kazanin, O.I., Sidorenko, A.A., and Meshkov, A. A. Technology and Management in Implementation of the Modern High-Performance Longwall Equipment Potential, Ugol’, 2019, no. 12, pp. 4–14.
3. Federal’nye normy i pravila v oblasti promyshlennoi bezopasnosti “Pravila bezopasnosti v ugol’nykh shakhtakh” (Federal Safety Code for Industry: Safety Regulations for Coal Mines), 2017, issue 40.
4. Lebecki, K.A. and Romanchenko, S. B. Pylevaya vzryvoopasnost’ gornogo proizvodstva (Dust Explosion Hazard in Mining Industry) vol. 6: Industrial Safety, Moscow: Kimer. Tsentr, 2012.
5. Vishnyakov, M.V., Methane Emission Size Prediction Procedure for Nonuniform Longwall Advance in Kuzbass, Ugol’ Kuzbassa, 2011, no. 1, pp. 8–11.
6. Stecula, K., Brodny, J., and Tutak, M., Informatics Platform as a Tool Supporting Research Regarding the Effectiveness of the Mining Machines’ Work, CBU Int. Conf. on Innovations in Sci. and Educ., 2017, pp. 1215–1219.
7. Brodny, J., Alszer, S., Krystek, J., and Tutak, M., Availability Analysis of Selected Mining Machinery, Archives of Control Sci., 2017, vol. 27, no. 2, pp. 197–209.
8. Guan, Z. and Gurgenci, H., Reliability Improvement through Smart Longwalls Project, Proc. of the 2004 CRC Min. Res. and Effective Techn. Transfer Conf., 2004.
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10. McPherson, M., The Westray Mine Explosion, Proc. of the 7th Int. Mine Ventilation Congress, Krakow, EMAGE, 2001.
11. Eckhoff, R., Dust Explosions in the Process Industries, Oxford, Butterworth, Haniemann, 1991.
12. Leontiev, A.V., Osnovy teorii fil’tratsii (Elements of Fluid Flow Theory), Moscow: MGU, 2009.
13. Ordin, A.A. and Timoshenko, A.M., Coalbed Methane Release as a Function of Coal Breakup, J. Min. Sci., 2016, vol. 52, no. 3, pp. 524–529.
14. Ordin, A.A., Meshkov, A.A., Volkov, M.A., Timoshenko, A.M., and Botvenko, D.V., Optimization of Longwall Parameters in Mining of Thick Methane-Bearing Coal Seam in the Sokolovo Deposit in Kuzbass, J. Min. Sci., 2018, vol. 54, no. 4, pp. 599–608.
SCIENCE OF MINING MACHINES
DOWNHOLE PERIODIC ELECTROMAGNETIC SEISMIC SOURCE DESIGNS
A. O. Kordubailo* and B. F. Simonov
Chinakal Institute of Mining, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences,
Novosibirsk, 630091 Russia
*e-mail: Kordubaylo_ao@mail.ru
Advancement of wave action stimulation and cross-well seismic imaging in mineral mining governs the need for downhole sources of elastic vibrations. The presented periodic electromagnetic seismic source is equipped with a mechanical–hydraulic drive for fixturing in a hole and for impulse transition to rock, and an electromagnetic impactor for pressure pulse generation. This article presents the experimental studies into the operation of the seismic source of three structural layouts. The features of the operation are discussed. The supply voltage dependences of the main parameters of the seismic source are obtained, and the practical application recommendations are formulated.
Downhole seismic source, structural layout, comparative analysis, cross-well seismic imaging, oil recovery enhancement, electromagnetic linear motor, impact energy, drive, pressure impulse
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739120057154
REFERENCES
1. Oparin, V.N., Simonov, B.F., Yushkin, V.F., Vostrikov, V.I., Pogarsky, Yu.V., and Nazarov, L.À., Geomekhanicheskie i tekhnicheskie osnovy uvelicheniya nefteotdachi plastov v vibrovolnovykh tekhnologiyakh (Geomechanical and Engineering Fundamentals of Enhanced Oil Recovery in Vibrowave Technologies), Novosibirsk: Nauka, 2010.
2. Lensky, V.À., Adiev, À.Ya., Irkabaev, D.R., and Sharova, Ò.N., Downhole Seismic Survey: Goals, Problems, Geological Efficiency, Tekhnologiya seismorazvedki, 2014, no. 2, pp. 117–124.
3. Oshkin, À.N., Ermakov, R.Yu., Ragozin, N.À., and Ignat’ev, V.I., Cross-Well Seismic Imaging—Experience, Methodology, Equipment, Prib. Sist. Razved. Geofiz., 2016, no. 3, pp. 37–47.
4. Yu, G., Chen, Y.Z., Wang, X.M., Zhang, O.H., Li, Y.P., Zhao, B.Y., Wu, J.J., and Greer, J., Walkaway VSP Using Multimode Optical Fibers in a Hybrid Wireline, The Leading Edge, 2016, vol. 35, no 7, pp. 615–619. doi.org/10.1190/tle35070615.1.
5. Sheng, J.J., Leonhardt, B., and Azri, N., Status of Polymer-Flooding Technology, J. Canadian Petroleum Technology, 2015, vol. 54, no 2, pp. 116–126. doi.org/10.2118/174541-PA.
6. Bera, A. and Babadagli, T., Status of Electromagnetic Heating for Enhanced Heavy Oil/Bitumen Recovery and Future Prospects: A Review, Applied Energy, 2015. vol. 151, pp. 206–226. doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy. 2015.04.031.
7. Esmaeilzadeh, P., Sadeghi, M.T., Fakhroueian, Z., Bahramian, A., and Norouzbeigi, R., Wettability Alteration of Carbonate Rocks from Liquid-Wetting to Ultra Gas-Wetting Using TiO2, SiO2 and CNT Nanofluids Containing Fluorochemicals, for Enhanced Gas Recovery, J. Natural Gas Sci. and Eng., 2015, vol. 26, pp. 1294–1305. doi.org/10.1016/j.jngse.2015.08.037.
8. Ganiev, Î.R., Ganiev, R.F., Ukrainsky, L.Å., and Ustenko, I.G., Fundamentals of Waveguide Mechanics of Producing Formations, DAN, 2016, vol. 466, no. 3, pp. 298–301. DOI: 10.7868/S0869565216030105.
9. Dyblenko, V.P., Marchukov, Å.Yu., Tufanov, I. À. Sharifullin, R.Ya., and Evchenko, V.S., Volnovye tekhnologii i ikh ispol’zovanie pri razrabotke mestorozhdenii nefti s trudnoizvlekaemymi zapasami (Wave Technologies and their Use in the Development of Oil Fields with Hard-to-Recover Reserves), Moscow: RAEN, 2012.
10. Kurlenya, Ì.V., Pen’kovskii, V.I., Savchenko, À.V., Evstigneev, D.S., and Korsakova, N.Ê., Development of Method for Stimulating Oil Inflow to the Well during Field Exploitation, J. Min. Sci., 2018, vol. 54, no. 3, pp. 414–422. DOI: 10.15372/FTPRPI20180307.
11. Simonov, B.F., Kordubailo, A.O., Neiman, V.Yu., and Polishchuk, A.E., Processes in Linear Pulse Electromagnetic Motors of Downhole Vibration Generators, J. Min. Sci., 2018, vol. 54, no. 1, pp. 61–68. DOI: 10.1134/S1062739118013353.
12. Simonov, B.F., Oparin, V.N., Kordubailo, A.O., and Vostrikov, V.I., Field Research of Generation Efficiency of Downhole Pulse Vibratory Source , GIAB, 2019, no. 8, pp. 180–189. DOI: 10.25018/0236–1493–2019–08–0-180–189.
MINERAL DRESSING
STIMULATION OF CHEMICAL AND ELECTROCHEMICAL LEACHING OF GOLD FROM REBELLIOUS MINERALS
V. A. Chanturia, A. L. Samusev*, and V. G. Minenko
Academician Melnikov Research Institute of Comprehensive Exploitation of Mineral Resources—IPKON,
Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 111020 Russia
*e-mail: Andrey63vzm@mail.ru
The experimental studies into stimulation of chemical and electrochemical leaching of gold from rebellious concentrates by ultrasound are presented. From the assessed efficiency of saturation of chloride solutions with electrochemically activated chlorine and the analysis of change in the surface morphology and in the composition of elements, phases and particle sizes in concentrates, the leaching stimulation mechanism is determined and the efficient ultrasonic treatment parameters are found for a mineral suspension to ensure higher gold recovery by 39% in 5 h.
Rebellious gold ore, arsenopyrite, activated chlorine, hypochlorite, electrochemical leaching, sodium chloride, ultrasound
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739120057166
REFERENCES
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4. Paleev, P.L., Gulyashinov, À.N., Antropova, I.G., and Gulyashinov, P.À., Gold Recovery from Rebellious Arsenopyritic Ores and Concentrates, Zoloto i tekhnologii, 2013, no. 2 (20), pp. 36–38.
5. Meretukov, Ì.À. and Orlov, À.Ì., Metallurgiya blagorodnykh metallov. Zarubezhnyi opyt (Metallurgy of Noble Metals. Foreign Experience), Moscow: Metallurgiya, 1990.
6. Sedelnikova, G., Kim, D., and Ibragimova, N., Recovery Gold from Refractory Old Sulfide Tailings Using Heap Bio-Oxidation, Proc. of the 28th Int. Miner. Proc. Congress, 2016.
7. Luzin, B.S. and Golik, V.I., Leaching of Gold from Off-Grade Products, J. Min. Sci., 2004, vol. 40, no. 4, pp. 395–398.
8. Oparin, V.N., Sekisov, À.G., Trubachev, À.I., Smolyanitsky, B.N., Salikhov, V.S., and Zykov, N.V., Promising Mining Technologies for Gold Placers in Transbaikalia, J. Min. Sci., 2017, vol. 53, no. 3, pp. 489–496.
9. Gurman, Ì.À., Shcherbak, L.I., and Rasskazova, À.V., Gold and Arsenic Recovery from Calcinates of Rebellious Pyrite-Arsenopyrite Concentrates, J. Min. Sci., 2015, vol. 51, no. 3, pp. 586–590.
10. Aylmore, M.G., Alternative Lixiviants to Cyanide for Leaching Gold Ores, Developments in Miner. Proc., 2005, vol. 15.
11. Adams, M.D., Gold Ore Processing, Chapter 29—Chloride as an Alternative Lixiviant to Cyanide for Gold Ores, 2016.
12. Zashikhin, À.V.and Sviridova, Ì.L., Gold Leaching with Humic Substances, J. Min. Sci., 2019, vol. 55, no. 4, pp. 652–657.
13. Muir, D.M. and Aylmore, M.G., Thiosulfate as an Alternative to Cyanide for Gold Processing—Issues and Impediments, Miner. Proc. and Extraction Metal., Trans. Inst. Min. Metal., 2004, p. 113, C2–C12.
14. Wardell-Johnson, M., Steiner, G., and Dreisinger, D., Engineering Aspects of the Platsol Process, Proc. Of Nickel-Cobalt, Copper and Uranium Conf., ALTA Metallurgical Services, Melbourne, 2009.
15. Zyryanov, Ì.N. and Leonov, S.B., Khloridnaya metallurgiya zolota (Chloride Metallurgy of Gold), Moscow: SP Intermet Engineering, 1997.
16. Hasab, M.G., Raygan, S., and Rashchi, F., Chloride-Hypochlorite Leaching of Gold from a Mechanically Activated Refractory Sulfide Concentrate, Hydrometallurgy, 2013, vol. 138, pp. 59–64.
17. Baghalha, M., Leaching of an Oxide Gold Ore with Chloride/Hypochlorite Solutions, Int. J. of Miner. Proc., 2007, vol. 82, no. 4, pp. 178–186.
18. Cheng, Y., Shen, S., Zhang, J., Chen, S., Xiong, L., and Liu, J., Fast and Effective Gold Leaching from a Desulfurized Gold Ore Using Acidic Sodium Chlorate Solution at Low Temperature, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 2013, vol. 52, no. 47, pp. 16622–16629.
19. Donga, Z., Zhu, Y., Han, Y., Gao, P., Gu, X., and Sun, Y., Chemical Oxidation of Arsenopyrite Using a Novel Oxidant-Chlorine Dioxide, Miner. Eng., 2019.
20. Teut, À.Î., Kuimov, D.V., and Kosyanov, E.À., Gold Recovery from Refractory Sulfide Ore by Electrical Chlorination, Proc. of Int. Conf. Plaksin’s Lectures–2011: New Technologies for Dressing and Complex Processing of Refractory Natural and Technogenic Mineras, 2011.
21. Tran, T., Lee, K., and Fernando, K., Halide as an Alternative Lixiviant for Gold Processing—An Update. In: Young, C.A., Twidwell, L.G., Anderson, C.G. (Eds.), Cyanide: Social, Industrial and Economic Aspects, The Minerals, Metals and Materials Society, Warrendale, PA, USA, 2001.
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23. Jeffrey, M., Breuer, P., and Choo, W.L., A Kinetic Study that Compares the Leaching of Gold in the Cyanide, Thiosulfate, and Chloride Systems, Metallurgical and Materials Transactions, B. Process Metall. Mater. Proc. Sci., 2001, vol. 32, pp. 979–986.
24. Samusev, A.L. and Tomskaya, E.S., Interaction of Gold-Bearing Sulfides with Modified Chlorine Solutions, J. Min. Sci., 2015, vol. 51, no. 4, pp. 825–829.
25. Samusev, A.L. and Minenko, V.G., Productivity of Chemical-Electrochemical Gold Leaching from Rebellious Ore, J. Min. Sci., 2014, vol. 50, no. 1, pp. 171–175.
26. Glembotsky, V.À., Sokolov, Ì.À., and Yakubovich, I.À., Ultrazvuk v obogashchenii poleznykh iskopaemykh (Ultrasound in Mineral Dressing), Alma-Ata: Nauka, 1972.
27. Zhu, P., Zhang, X., Li, K., Qian, G., and Zhou, M., Kinetics of Leaching Refractory Gold Ores by Ultrasonic-Assisted Electro-Chlorination, Int. J. of Miner., Metal. and Mater., 2012, vol. 19, no. 6, pp. 473–477.
28. Zhang, G.W., Wang, S.X., Zhang, L.B., and Peng, J.H., Ultrasound-Intensified Leaching of Gold from a Refractory Ore, Isij. Int., 2016, vol. 56, no. 4, pp. 714–718.
29. Fu, L., Zhang, L., Wang, S., Cui, W., and Peng, J., Synergistic Extraction of Gold from the Refractory Gold Ore via Ultrasound and Chlorination-Oxidation, Ultrasonics Sonochemistry, 2017, vol. 37, pp. 471–477.
30. Swamy, K.M. and Narayana, K.L., Intensification of Leaching Process by Dual-Frequency Ultrasound, Ultrasonics Sonochemistry, 2001, vol. 8, pp. 341–346.
31. Groo, Å.À., Algebraistova, N.Ê., Zhizhaev, À.Ì., Romanchenko, À.S., and Makshanin, À.V., Study of the Effect of Ultrasonic Treatment to Stimulate Gold Recovery from Rebellious Ores, GIAB, 2012, no. 2, pp. 89–96.
32. Kienko, L.À., Voronova, Î.V., and Kondrat’ev, S.À., Study of Ultrasound Effects on Flotation Selectivity in Waste Processing at the Yaroslavsky Mining Company, J. Min. Sci., 2019, vol. 55, no. 4, pp. 675–681.
33. Aleksandrova, Ò.N., Afanasova, À.V., and Aleksandrova, À.V., Microvawe Treatment to Reduce Refractoriness of Carbonic Concentrates, J. Min. Sci., 2020, vol. 56, no. 1, pp. 136–141.
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IMPROVEMENT OF FINE MILLING TECHNOLOGY FOR MINING WASTE BASED ON PROPORTIONED STAGE-WISE DISINTEGRATION
F. Kh. Urakaev*, L. G. Shumskaya, E. A. Kirillova, and S. A. Kondrat’ev**
Sobolev Institute of Geology and Mineralogy, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences,
Novosibirsk, 630090 Russia
*e-mail: urakaev@igm.nsc.ru
Chinakal Institute of Mining, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences,
Novosibirsk, 630091 Russia
**e-mail: kondr@misd.ru
It is suggested to improve selective milling and disintegration of mineral associations of mining waste by means of stage-wise increase in destructive energy. It is found that relative frequency of opposite rotation of rotors and the number of pass cycles of waste through disintegrator can be of use in optimization of separation of preset size fraction at minimized loss of spodumene owing to the reduction in slurrying. The flow chart is developed for the stage-wise disintegration of spodumene-bearing mining waste with obtaining of product of flotation size – 0.16 + 0.02 mm at minimal yield (6.0%) of slime fraction – 0.02 mm. The proposed flow chart efficiency is proved by the flotation concentration results.
Mining waste, spodumene, associates, disintegrator, concentration
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739120057178
REFERENCES
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3. Rzelewska-Piekut, M. and Regel-Rosocka, M., Wastes Generated by Automotive Industry—Spent Automotive Catalysts, Physical Sci. Rev., 2018, vol. 3, iss. 8. DOI: https://doi.org/ 10.1515/psr-2018–0021
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33. Xie, R., Zhu, Y., Liu, J., Wang, X., and Li, Y., Differential Collecting Performance of a New Complex of Decyloxy-Propylamine and ?-Bromododecanoic Acid on Flotation of Spodumene and Feldspar, Min. Eng., 2020, vol. 153. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mineng.2020.106377.
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36. Xie, R., Zhu, Y., Liu, J., Li, Y., Wang, X., and Shumin, Z., Research Status of Spodumene Flotation: A Review, Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy Review, 2020, Taylor & Francis Group. https://doi.org/10.1080/08827508.2020.1776278.
INFLUENCE OF DISPERSIVENESS OF EMULSION COMPOSED OF OILY REAGENTS ON COAL FLOTATION RESULTS
T. E. Vakhonina, M. S. Klein*, Yu. F. Patrakov**, and S. A. Semenova
Gorbachev Kuzbass State Technical University, Kemerovo, 650000 Russia
*e-mail: m_klein@mail.ru
Federal Research Center for Coal and Coal Chemistry (Institute of Coal),
Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kemerovo, 650065 Russia
*e-mail: yupat@icc.kemsc.ru
Dispersiveness of emulsion composed of oily reagents is estimated using the method of laser diffraction in experimental and in-process tests of flotation of slurry coal. Effect of agitation level in emulsification on emulsion dispersiveness and on flotation of different size coal of two grades is described. It is found that emulsification of oily reagents has influence on flotation efficiency. Increased dispersiveness of thermal gasoil and waste motor oil emulsion exerts a beneficial influence on flotation of coarse and fine coal of the both grades while flotation quality with waste motor oil emulsion worsens. It is possible that selectivity of separation of coarse and less hydrophobic coal also decreases.
Laser diffraction, oily reagents, emulsification, coal, flotation
DOI: 10.1134/S106273912005718X
REFERENCES
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3. Melik-Gaikazyan, V.I., Baichenko, À.À., and Voronchikhina, V.V., To the Emulsification of Oily Flotation Agents in Industrial Conditions and Evaluation of Dispersiveness of the Resulting Emulsion, Koks i khimiya, 1964, no. 3, pp. 9–13.
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7. Klein, Ì.S., Rol’ gisterezisnykh sil pri flotatsii krupnykh chastits. Energeticheskie vozdeistviya v protsessakh pererabotki mineral’nogo syr’ya: sb. nauch. tr. (The Role of Hysteresis Forces in the Flotation of Coarse Particles. Energy Effects in Mineral Processing: Collection of Works), Novosibirsk: IGD SO ÀN SSSR, 1987.
8. Baichenko, À.À., Listovnichiy, À.V., and Klein, Ì.S., Hysteresis of Wetting and Strengthening of the Contact between the Particle and the Bubble in the Presence of Nonpolar Reagent, Kolloid. Zhurn., 1989, vol. 1, pp. 127–129.
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14. Cveticanin, L., Lazic, P., and Vucinic, D., A Comparative Analysis of the Effect of Galena Grain Size and Collector Concentration on Flotation Recovery and Flotation Kinetics, J. Min. Sci., 2018, vol. 54, no. 3, pp. 485–490.
15. Kondrat’ev, S.A., Method for Selecting Structure and Composition of Hydrocarbon Fragment in Molecule of a Collecting Agent, J. Min. Sci., 2019, vol. 55, no. 3, pp. 420–429.
THE EFFECTS OF BALL SIZE ON THE DETERMINATION OF BREAKAGE PARAMETERS OF NEPHELINE SYENITE
S. Haner
Department of Industrial Product Design, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
e-mail: shaner@aku.edu.tr
In this study, the changes in the specific rate of breakage and breakage distribution function of the nepheline syenite sample were investigated by using alloy steel ball in five different sizes. Specific rate of breakage and breakage distribution function values were obtained from the particle size distributions acquired after the grinding periods. As a result of grinding tests, an increase in rate of breakage is observed due to the increase in ball diameter.
Nepheline syenite, breakage function, specific rate of breakage, fine comminution
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739120057191
REFERENCES
1. Haner, S. and Demir, M., Nepheline Syenite: A Review, J. Geol. Eng., 2018, vol. 42, no. 1, pp. 107–120.
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13. Austin, L.G., Klimpel, R.R., and Luckie, P.T., Process Engineering of Size Reduction: Ball Milling, New Jersey, American Institute of Min. Metal. and Petrol. Eng. Inc., 1984.
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16. Aplan, F.F., The Hardgrove Test for Determining the Grindability Of Coal, Lecture Note in MN PR 301, Elements of Miner. Proc., Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pennsylvania, 1996.
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MINING THERMOPHYSICS
SELECTION OF WORKING CONDITIONS AND SUBSTANTIATION OF OPERATING MODE OF FREEZING PIPES IN MAINTENANCE OF FROZEN WALL THICKNESS
M. A. Semin*, L. Yu. Levin, and O. S. Parshakov
Mining Institute, Ural Branch, Perm, 614111 Russia
*e-mail: seminma@outlook.com
The authors discuss artificial freezing of water-saturated rock mass during construction of mine shafts in terms of a simplified case of a single freezing pipe. The ice growing and holding stages are examined. Maintenance of a constant thickness frozen wall is simulated using the coolant temperature regulator model. The multi-criterion numerical modeling of freezing is implemented, and the time dependences are obtained for the coolant temperature at the ice holding stage. It is found that maintenance of the constant thickness of frozen wall requires that the coolant temperature in ice holding stage is exponentially increased at the power around –0.2. The ice growing stage temperature has no influence on the total energy efficiency of the freezing system.
Frozen wall, mine shaft, artificial ground freezing, ice holding stage, energy efficiency, numerical modeling
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739120057203
REFERENCES
1. Bolotskikh, N.S. and Dokukin, O.S., Stroitel’stvo stvolov shakht i rudnikov (Shaft and Mine Construction), Moscow: Nedra, 1991.
2. Wang, Y., Yang, W., and Ren, Y., Numerical Back Analysis and Simulation of Temperature Field for Shaft Sinking with Artificial Ground Freezing Method, J. China University of Min. and Tech.-Chinese Edition, 2005, vol. 34, no. 5, P. 626.
3. Jones, Jr.J.S., State-of-the-Art Report-Engineering Practice in Artificial Ground Freezing, Developments in Geotech. Eng., 1982, vol. 28, pp. 313–326.
4. Trupak, N.G., Zamorazhivanie gornykh porod pri prokhodke stvolov (Ground Freezing in Shaft Sinking), Moscow: Ugletekhizdat, 1954.
5. Pugin, A.V., Dynamics of Heat Fields in Thawing of Frozen Walls in Shafts under Construction, Strategiya i protsessy osvoeniya georesursov (Mineral Mining: Strategy and Processes), 2018, pp. 272–275.
6. Fomichev, A.D., Technologies of Mechanical Construction of Main Shafts in Terms of Modern Shaft-Sinking Installations, Izv. TGU. Tekhn. Nauki, 2014, no. 1, pp. 172–179.
7. Ol’khovikov, Yu.P., Pestrikova, V.S., and Tarasov, V.V., Features of Maintaining Shaft Support Installed in Carnallite Rocks of Verkhnekamskoye Deposit in Safe Condition, GIAB, 2015, no. 5, pp. 30–34.
8. Ol’khovikov, Yu.P., Krep’ kapital’nykh vyrabotok kaliynykh i solyanykh rudnikov (Support Design for Permanent Underground Excavations in Potassium and Salt Mines), Moscow: Nedra, 1984.
9. Lurie, B.J. and Enright, P., Classical Feedback Control with Nonlinear Multi-Loop Systems: With MATLAB® and Simulink®, CRC Press, 2019.
10. Levin, L.Yu., Semin, M.A., and Zaitsev, A.V., Adjustment of Thermophysical Rock Mass Properties in Modeling Frozen Wall Formation in Mine Shafts under Construction, J. Min. Sci., 2019, vol. 55, no. 1, pp. 157–168.
11. Anderson, D., Tannehill, J, and Pletcher, R., Computational Fluid Mechanics and Heat Transfer, 2nd Edition, vol. 2, Taylor&Francis, 1997.
12. Razrabotka iskhodnykh dannykh dlya proekta prokhodki shakhtnykh stvolov, v tom chisel iskhodnye dannye po skipovomu stvolu: otchet NIR (Initial Data for Shaft Sinking Project, Including Initial Data for Skip Shaft: R&D Report), Minsk: Belgorkhimprom, 2013.
13. Kiong, T.K., Qing-Guo, W., Chieh, H.C., and Hagglund, T.J., Advances in PID Control, London, Springer, 1999.
14. Alzoubi, M.A., Sasmito, A.P., Madiseh, A., and Hassani, F.P., Intermittent Freezing Concept for Energy Saving in Artificial Ground Freezing Systems, Energy Procedia, 2017, vol. 142, pp. 3920–3925.
15. Hu, X.D. and Ji, B.Y., Optimization of Double-Ring-Pipe Freezing Scheme for Tunnel Cross-Passage Construction, Advanced Materials Res., Trans Tech. Publ. Ltd., 2012, vol. 446, pp. 2262–2266.
16. Semin, M.A., Levin, L.Yu., and Pugin, A.V., Analysis of Earth’s Heat Flow in Artificial Ground Freezing, J. Min. Sci., 2020, vol. 56, no. 1, pp. 149–158.
NEW METHODS AND INSTRUMENTS IN MINING
FRACTURING SIMULATION SOFTWARE FOR SOLID MINERAL MINING
A. V. Azarov*, M. V. Kurlenya, and S. V. Serdyukov
Chinakal Institute of Mining, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences,
Novosibirsk, 630091 Russia
*e-mail: antonazv@mail.ru
The authors describe the structure, features and application of a software using the extended finite element method in ABAQUS. The software is meant for modeling hydraulic fracturing of permeable rock mass with fracture path tracing in nonuniform stress field.
Rock mass, hydraulic fracturing, created fracture, mathematical modeling, extended finite element method, poroelastic medium, software
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739120057215
REFERENCES
1. Lekontsev, Yu.Ì., and Sazhin, P.V., Directional Hydraulic Fracturing in Difficult Caving Roof Control and Coal Degassing, J. Min. Sci., 2014, vol. 50, no. 5, pp. 914–917.
2. Kurlenya, Ì.V., Serdyukov, S.V., Patutin, À.V., and Shilova, Ò.V., Stimulation of Underground Degassing in Coal Seams by Hydraulic Fracturing Method, J. Min. Sci., 2017, vol. 53, no. 6, pp. 975–980.
3. Mills, K., Jeffrey, R., Black, D., Meyer, T., Carey, K., and Goddard, S., Developing Methods for Placing Sand-Propped Hydraulic Fractures for Gas Drainage in the Bulli Seam, Proc. of Underground Coal Operators’ Conference, Wollongong, Australia, 2006.
4. Shilova, T., Patutin, A., and Serdyukov, S., Sealing Quality Increasing of Coal Seam Gas Drainage Wells by Barrier Screening Method, Proc. of Int. Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference SGEM, 2013.
5. Sher, Å.N. and Mikhailov, À.Ì., Modeling the Axially Symmetric Crack Growth under Blasting and Hydrofracturing near Free Surface, J. Min. Sci., 2008, vol. 44, no. 5, pp. 473–481.
6. Azarov, À.V., Kurlenya, Ì.V., Serdyukov, S.V., and Patutin, À.V., Features of Hydraulic Fracturing Propagation near Free Surface in Isotropic Poroelastic Medium, J. Min. Sci., 2019, vol. 55, no. 1, pp. 1–8.
7. New Generation Hydraulic Fracturing Simulator RN-GRID. Available at: https://rn.digital/rngrid/ (application date: 13.09.2020).
8. Song, J.H., Areias, P. M. A., and Belytschko, T., A Method for Dynamic Crack and Shear Band Propagation with Phantom Nodes, Int. J. Numerical Methods in Eng., 2006, vol. 67, no. 6, pp. 868–893.
9. Sukumar, N. and Prevost, J.H., Modeling Quasi-Static Crack Growth with the Extended Finite Element Method Part I: Computer Implementation, Int. J. Solids and Structures, 2003, vol. 40, no. 26, pp. 7513–7537.
10. Shcherbakov, I.P., Kuksenko, V.S., and Chmel’, À.Å., Temperature Dependence of Microdamage Accumulation in Granite under Impact Fracture, J. Min. Sci., 2013, vol. 49, no. 6, pp. 919–925.
11. Cruz, F., Roehl, D., and do Amaral Vargas Jr, E., An XFEM Implementation in Abaqus to Model Intersections between Fractures in Porous Rocks, Computers and Geotechnics, 2019, vol. 112, pp. 135–146.
12. Li, Y., Deng, J.G., Liu, W., and Feng, Y., Modeling Hydraulic Fracture Propagation Using Cohesive Zone Model Equipped with Frictional Contact Capability, Computers and Geotechnics, 2017, vol. 91, pp. 58–70.
13. Wang, S., Li, H., and Li, D., Numerical Simulation of Hydraulic Fracture Propagation in Coal Seams with Discontinuous Natural Fracture Networks, Processes, 2018, vol. 6, no. 8, p. 113.
14. Chaoru, Liu, Distribution Laws of In-Situ Stress in Deep Underground Coal Mines, Procedia Eng., 2011, vol. 26, pp. 909–917.
15. Serdyukov, S.V., Kurlenya, Ì.V., Rybalkin, L.À., and Shilova, Ò.V., Hydraulic Fracturing Effect on Filtration Resistance in Gas Drainage Hole Area in Coal, J. Min. Sci., 2019, vol. 55, no. 2, pp. 175–184.
16. Serdyukov, S.V., Patutin, A.V., Rybalkin, L.A., Shilova, T.V., and Azarov, A.V., RF patent no. 2730688, Byull. Izobret., 2020, no. 24.
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