JMS, Vol. 56, No. 3, 2020
GEOMECHANICS
MODELING CONCENTRATION OF RESIDUAL STRESSES AND DAMAGES IN SALT ROCK CORES
V. N. Aptukov* and S. V. Volegov
Galurgiya JSC, Perm, 614002 Russia
*e-mail: valeriy.aptukov@uralkali.com; aptukov@psu.ru
Perm State National Research University, Perm, 614000 Russia
The authors perform numerical modeling of processes which create individual history of mechanics and mechanical condition of salt rocks nearby a roadway. The influence of a sampling point (roof or sidewall) and life time of the roadway on the residual stress level and quality of a sample is estimated with regard to microinhomogeneity. The effect of the specified factors on the mechanical characteristics of a sample in standard compression testing is demonstrated.
Salt rocks, structurally inhomogeneous sample, residual stresses, mathematical modeling, quality
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739120036806
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WEAK INDUCED SEISMICITY IN THE KOROBKOV IRON ORE FIELD OF THE KURSK MAGNETIC ANOMALY
A. N. Besedina*, S. B. Kishkina, G. G. Kocharyan, V. I. Kulikov, and D. V. Pavlov
Academician Sadovsky Institute of Geosphere Dynamics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119334 Russia
*e-mail: besedina.a@gmail.com
The article presents the analysis of seismic observations in mine roadways. The recorded seismic signals are connected with dynamic deformation of rock mass under massive blasting. The source of induced seismicity are dynamic movements deformation of rocks with an amplitude of 3–30 μm along fractures 1–15 m long. These events feature low values of reduced energy, probably, due to shallow depth of mining. Distribution of induced seismicity events in time and space agreed with patterns of larger seismic events due to remote earthquakes, which implies weak probability of nasty geodynamic phenomena in the course of mining in the Korobkov Field.
Induced seismicity, seismic monitoring, underground mining, geodynamic activity, focal source parameters, magnitude
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739120036818
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INFLUENCE OF COAL MICROSTRUCTURE ON GAS CONTENT OF THE FACE AREA
O. N. Malinnikova*, E. V. Ul’yanova, A. V. Kharchenko, and B. N. Pashichev
Academician Melnikov Institute of Comprehensive Exploitation of Mineral Resources–IPKON, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 111020 Russia
*e-mail: olga_malinniova@mail.ru
The author study gas content of coal seams in the face areas in mines of SUEK-Kuzbass. It is found that gas content of coal samples from newly exposed face ranges between 2.4 and 13.5 m3/t and makes 32–60% of natural gas content of studied seams. The coal seams with lower gas content in face area have more ordered microstructure estimated by mean of plotting entropy–structure complexity diagrams based on thousandfold enlarged digital images of coal surface. Coal seams with more chaotic structural arrangement possess both higher natural gas content and gas saturation in face area.
Coal seam, face area, methane, gas content, microstructure, informational entropy
DOI: 10.1134/S106273912003683X
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FROZEN WALL CONSTRUCTION CONTROL IN MINE SHAFTS USING LAND AND BOREHOLE SEISMOLOGY TECHNIQUES
I. A. Sanfirov, A. G. Yaroslavtsev, A. V. Chugaev*, A. I. Babkin, and T. V. Baibakova
Mining Institute, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Perm, 614007 Russia
*e-mail: chugaev@mi-perm.ru
The article discusses feasibility of frozen wall construction supervision in salt rock mine shafts using seismology techniques. Shallow seismic survey locates wakened areas and intense water flows in rock mass near shafts. Borehole seismics, including crosswell shooting and vertical profiling by the common depth point method, allow estimation of frozen rock thickness. The proposed package of seismology techniques aims to reduce risk of emergencies in construction of mine shafts.
Remote control, frozen wall, soil freezing, mine shaft, acoustic measurements, ultrasonic logging, crosswell shooting, shallow seismic survey
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739120036641
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KAISER EFFECT IN SANDSTONE IN POLYAXIAL COMPRESSION WITH MULTISTAGE ROTATION OF AN ASSIGNED STRESS ELLIPSOID
I. A. Panteleev*, V. A. Mubassarova, A. V. Zaitsev**, N. I. Shevtsov, Yu. F. Kovalenko, and V. I. Karev***
Institute of Continuum Mechanics, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Perm, 614013 Russia
*e-mail: pia@icmm.ru
Perm National Research Polytechnic University, Perm, 614990 Russia
**e-mail: a-zaitsev@mail.ru
Ishlinsky Institute for Problems in Mechanics, Moscow, 119526 Russia
***e-mail: wikarev@ipmnet.ru
The authors examine Kaiser effect in sandstone in nonproportional triaxial cyclic compression tests with stage rotation of an assigned stress ellipsoid through an angle of 90°. The load program consists of three pairs of cycles such that the maximal nominal stress of the second cycle exceeds the first cycle stress by 20 MPa at the constant side support. Cyclic loading is applied to sandstone in three orthogonal directions, with two cycles in each direction. Kaiser effect only appears in the second loading in the same direction, and activation of acoustic emission upon the change in the active loading direction is independent of the earlier reached stress level. This fact points at the orientation-driven nature of Kaiser effect, which means the material remembers its lattermost internal damaged structure.
Kaiser effect, acoustic emission, true triaxial loading, assigned stress ellipsoid rotation, deformation memory effect, test system
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739120036653
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40. Panteleev, I.À., Kovalenko, Yu.F., Sidorin, Yu.V., Zaitsev, À.V., Karev, V.I., Ustinov, K.B., and Shevtsov, N.I., Evolution of Damage in Complex Unequal-Component Compression of Sandstone according to Acoustic Emission Data, Fiz. Mezomekhanika, 2019, vol. 22, no. 4, pp. 56–63.
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42. Li, Dexing, Wang, Enyuan, Kong, Xiangguo, Jia, Haishan, Wang, Dongming, and Ali, Muhammad, Damage Precursor of Construction Rocks under Uniaxial Cyclic Loading Tests Analyzed by Acoustic Emission, Construction and Building Materials, 2019, vol. 206, pp. 169–178.
ROCK FAILURE
PREDICTION OF GROUND VIBRATION USING VARIOUS REGRESSION ANALYSIS
S. K. Bisoyi* and B. K. Pal**
National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha, 769008 India
*e-mail: sbsunil3@gmail.com
**e-mail: drbkpal2007@gmail.com
Blasting still dominates as the most suitable and economic processes of exploitation of minerals from the ground. Although there have been many advancements to optimize blasting to inhibit the impacts due to ground vibration caused by it, still there is a long way to go. Some empirical formulas from the past have helped in designing the mining process and served us well in configuring the blast design to minimize the adverse impacts on the surrounding environment. A couple of empirical formulas taken in this study have also proven worthy for predicting the ground vibration with good accuracy, but the reliance of the empirical formulas on only two parameters is their limitation since the beginning. This study aims to find alternatives with the help of various regression models and comparing their competence against the more traditional predictors existing today. The findings of this study suggest that the regression methods can have a better insight into the prediction of the PPV corresponding to the input parameters. The GPRs (Gaussian Process Regressions) was able to predict the ground vibration with much better precision compared to the linear regression methods and also the empirical predictors.
Ground vibrations, blasting, peak particle velocity, empirical formulas, statistical regression models, Gaussian Process Regression
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739120036665
REFERENCES
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22. Agrawal, H. and Mishra, A.K., Modified Scaled Distance Regression Analysis Approach for Prediction of Blast-Induced Ground Vibration in Multi-Hole Blasting, J. Rock Mech. Geotech. Eng., 2018.
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DOI: 10.1007/s13369–018–3205–3.
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MODIFIED SCALED DISTANCE EQUATION USED FOR ESTIMATION OF PEAK PARTICLE VELOCITY
A. Tosun
Dokuz Eylul University, Buca-Bergama-Izmir, Turkey
e-mail: abdurrahman.tosun@deu.edu.tr
Scaled distance equations used for estimating peak particle velocity have been developed by some researchers. The most widely used equation among these is the equation developed by Duvall and Fogelson. However, the equation has not exactly estimated the peak particle velocity correctly. In this study, peak particle velocity values were measured by a number of blast tests that were conducted in four different sites by using a vibration meter. Scaled distance values for each blast test were calculated according to the equation proposed by Duvall and Fogelson. Subsequently, a new equation that calculates the scaled distance was proposed. The proposed equation gave more realistic values than the equation proposed by Duvall and Fogelson.
Blasting, environmental geophysics, geophones, vibration
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739120036677
REFERENCES
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11. Hajihassani, M., Armaghani, D.J., Marto, A., and Mohamad, E.T., Ground Vibration Prediction in Quarry Blasting through an Artificial Neural Network Optimized by Imperialist Competitive Algorithm, Bul. of Eng. Geol. and Env., 2014, Sept., 4 online first articles.
12. Singh, T.N. and Singh, V., An Intelligent Approach to Prediction and Control Ground Vibration in Mines, Geotech. and Geol. Eng., 2005, no.23, pp. 249–262.
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14. Tosun, A., Effect of the Horizontal and Vertical Components Belongs to Distance between the Blasting Point and the Measurement Point on Peak Particle Velocity, Bul. of the Earth Sci. Appl. and Res. Center of Hacettepe University, 2016, 37 (1), pp. 19–26.
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MINERAL MINING TECHNOLOGY
ACTIVE PREFRACTURE METHODS IN TOP COAL CAVING TECHNOLOGIES FOR THICK AND GENTLY DIPPING SEAMS
V. I. Klishin*, G. Yu. Opruk, L. D. Pavlova**, and V. N. Fryanov
Institute of Coal, Federal Research Center of Coal and Coal Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kemerovo, 650065 Russia
*e-mail: klishinvi@icc.kemsc.ru
Siberian State Industrial University, Novokuznetsk, 654007 Russia
**e-mail: ld_pavlova@mail.ru
The authors perform numerical modeling for the comprehensive stress–strain analysis of roof rocks above powered roof support units in the longwall top coal caving technology. Passive control of top coal prefracture fails to maintain efficient disintegration and well-proportioned flow feed on armoured face conveyor. The relations between the residual and initial strength of coal and the prop of the powered roof support units at different combinations of methods and means of active control are obtained; their ranges of application and the proportioned flow rates are determined.
Coal seam, roof rocks, stresses, rock mass proportioning, prefracture, numerical modeling
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739120036689
REFERENCES
1. Korovkin, Yu.A. and Savchenko, P.F., Teoriya i praktika dlinnolavnykh sistem (Theory and Practice of Longwall Systems), Moscow: Gornoe delo, 2012.
2. Klishin, V.I., Shundulidi, I.A., Ermakov, A.Yu. and Solov’ev, A.S., Tekhnologiya razrabotki zapasov moshchnykh pologikh plastov s vypuskom uglya (Technology of Thick Flat Coal Mining with Caving), Novosibirsk: Nauka, 2013.
3. Klishin, V.I., Fryanov, V.N., Pavlova, L.D., and Opruk, G.Yu., Modeling Top Coal Disintegration
in Thick Seams in Longwall Top Coal Caving, J. Min. Sci., 2019, vol. 55, no. 2, pp. 247–256.
4. Kalinin, S.I., Novosel’tsev, S.A., Galimardanov, R.Kh., Renev, A.A., Filimonov, K.A., Timoshenko, A.M., and Fedorovich, A.P., Otrabotka moshchnogo ugol’nogo plasta mekhanizirovannym kompleksom s vypuskom uglya na zaboinyi konveier (Thick Coal Seam Cutting with Longwall Mining System and Coal Flow to Armored Face Conveyor), Kemerovo: KuzGTU, 2011.
5. Jabinpoura, A., Bafghib, A.Y., and Gholamnejadc, J., Application of Vibration in Longwall Top Coal Caving Method, Int. J. of Sci. and Eng., 2016, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 102–109.
6. Yetkin, M.E., Arslan, A.T., Ozfırat, M.K., Kahraman, B., and Yenice, H., Numerical Modeling of Stress–Strain Analysis in Underground Thick Coal Mining, Int. J. of Eng. Res. and Tech., 2018, vol. 7, issue 04, pp. 199–204.
7. Le, T.D., Mitra, R., Oh, J., and Hebblewhite, B., A Review of Cavability Evaluation in Longwall Top Coal Caving, Int. J. of Min. Sci. and Tech., 2017, vol. 27, pp. 907–915.
8. Yetkin, M.E. and Simsir, F., Determination of Most Suitable Working Height of Powered Roof Support Considering Roof Stresses, J. Min. Sci., 2019, vol. 55, no. 1, pp. 23–30.
9. Amusin, B.Z. and Fadeev, A.B., Metod konechnykh elementov pri reshenii zadach gornoi geomekhaniki (Finite Element Method in Problem Solving in Rock Mechanics), Moscow: Nedra, 1975.
10. Shtumpf, G.G., Ryzhkov, Yu.A., Shalamanov, V.A., and Petrov, A.I., Fiziko-tekhnicheskie svoistva gornykh porod i uglei Kuznetskogo basseina: spravochnik (Physicotechnical Properties of Coal and Rocks in the Kuznetsk Basin: Reference Book), Moscow: Nedra, 1994.
11. Pavlova, L.D. and Fryanov, V.N., The FEM Modification to Solve the Nonlinear Problem on the Three-Dimensional Stress–Strain Analysis of Coal–Rock Mass during Breaking, Mining Informational and Analytical Bulletin—MIAB, 2008, no. 4, pp. 71–76.
12. Fadeev, A.B., Metod konechnykh elementov v geomekhanike (Finite Element Method in Geomechanics), Moscow: Nedra, 1987.
13. Kornev, E.S., Pavlova, L.D., and Fryanov, V.N., Razrabotka kompleksa problemno-orientirovannykh program dlya modelirovaniya geomekhanicheskikh protsessov metodom konechnykh elementov (Problem-Oriented Program System for the Finite Element Method-Based Modeling of Geomechanical Processes), Vestn. KuzGTU, 2013, no. 2, pp. 65–69.
14. Klishin, V.I., Anferov, B.A., Kuznetsova, L.V., Borisov, I.L., and Varfolomeev, E.L., RF patent no. 2703079, Byull. Izobret., 2019, no. 29.
JUSTIFICATION OF SECONDARY MINING OF POTASSIUM RESERVES
À. A. Baryakh*, N. L. Bel’tyukov, N. A. Samodelkina, and V. N. Toksarov
Mining Institute, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Perm, 614007 Russia
*e-mail: bar@mi-perm.ru
The article discusses feasibility of secondary mining of natural–manmade sylvinite seam KrII* in the Upper Kama Potassium Salt Field. The full scale tests of large samples were carried out to determine mechanical properties of seam KrII*. Mathematical modeling provides estimates of load exerted on nonuniform safety pillars after secondary mining. The authors propose alternative flow charts for the secondary mining of natural–manmade seam KrII* to ensure safety and reasonable efficiency of production.
Safety pillars, stopes, natural–manmade seam, secondary mining, full scale testing, loading rate, mathematical modeling
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739120036690
REFERENCES
1. Makarov, A.B., Prakticheskaya geomekhanika (Practical Geomechanics), Moscow: Gornaya kniga, 2006.
2. Hebblewhite, B.K., Safe Pillar Extraction Practice—Some Geotechnical Principles Based on Australian
Experience, Proc. 30th Int. Conf. on Ground Control in Mining, Morgantown, WV, 2011.
3. Galvin, J.M., Ground Engineering—Principles and Practices for Underground Coal Mining, Springer
Int. Publish., 2016.
4. Borzakovsky, B.À. and Papulov, L.M., Zakladochnye raboty na Verkhnekamskikh kaliinykh rudnikakh: spravochnik (Backfilling in the Upper Kama Potassium Mines: A Reference Book), Moscow:
Nedra, 1994.
5. Anikin, N.F., Vorontsov, V.I., Marakov, V.E., Nesterov, M.P., Papulov, L.M., Panasyuk, B.F., Sivkov, E.S., Shamansky, G.P., and Yakovkin, L.N., RF Patent no. 95114813/03, Byull. Izobret., 1997.
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7. Bey, M.M., Marakov, V.E., Sal’nikov, A.A. and Kotlyar, E.K., RF Patent no. 2011131320/03, Byull. Izobret., 2012, no. 33.
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12. Malinin, N.N., Prikladnaya teoriya plastichnosti i polzuchesti (Applied Theory of Plasticity and Creep), Moscow: Mashinostroenie, 1975.
13. Fadeev, À.B., Metod konechnykh elementov v geomekhanike (Finite Element Method in Geomechanics), Moscow: Nedra, 1987.
14. Kuznetsov, G.N., Mekhanicheskie svoistva gornykh porod: zadachi i metody ikh izucheniya v svyazi
s voprosami upravleniya gornym davleniem (Mechanical Properties of Rocks: Problems and Methods of Their Study for Ground Control Purposes), Moscow: Ugletekhizdat Zapaduglya, 1947.
15. Baryakh A. A. and Samodelkina, N.A., To the Calculation of Pillar Stability under Condition of Chamber Mining, J. Min. Sci., 2007, vol. 43 no. 1, pp. 1–7.
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17. Baryakh A. A. and Samodelkina, N.A., Geomechanical Estimation of Deformation Intensity above the Flooded Potash Mine, J. Min. Sci., 2018, vol. 53 no. 4, pp. 630–642.
EFFECT OF MINING GEOMETRY ON NATURAL STRESS FIELD IN UNDERGROUND ORE MINING WITH CONVENTIONAL AND NATURE-LIKE TECHNOLOGIES
V. A. Eremenko*, Yu. P. Galchenko, and M. A. Kosyreva
College of Mining, National University of Mining and Technology–NUST MISIS, Moscow, 119991 Russia
*e-mail: prof.eremenko@gmailcom
Academician Melnikov Institute of Comprehensive Exploitation of Mineral Resources–IPKON, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 111020 Russia
The authors study the process of the induced stress field formation in mining with the conventional and nature-like geotechnical systems, including frame and honeycomb mine structures. The rate of change in the natural stress field during mining is estimated using a new index—coefficient of influence. Based on the data of experimental mine research, as well as physical and numerical models, with regard to the numerical model calibration, the diagram of influence exerted on the rate of change in the natural stress field by the geometry of stopes in underground ore mining with the conventional and nature-like geotechnologies is plotted. It is found that the highest effect on the size of the induced tensile strain zones is exerted by the mining systems with caving of ore and enclosing rocks. The optimum coefficient of influence is a characteristic of the frame mine structure.
Mining-altered subsoil, nature-like mining system, natural and induced stress field, underground mining system, frame and honeycomb mine structures, microstrains, rock mass, coefficient of influence, Hoek–Brown failure criterion, rock mass stability rating
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739120036702
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TECHNOLOGY OF EXPOSED ROCK SURFACE INSULATION AGAINST THE INFLUENCE OF MINE ATMOSPHERE
Yu. N. Shaposhnik*, A. I. Konurin, O. M. Usol’tseva, A. A. Neverov, and S. A. Neverov
Chinakal Institute of Mining, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Science, Novosibirsk, 630091 Russia 91 Russia
*e-mail: shaposhnikyury@mail.ru
The authors discuss the problem connected with insulation of exposed rock surface areas against the aggressive influence of mine atmosphere and rock falls during mining. The lab-scale tests determine the moisture effect on the strength of rocks in the Orlov Ore Field. The tensile strength of samples of isolation membrane as well as their adhesion to rocks and shotcrete is assessed. The technology of preparation and application of polymer membrane insulation layer on the surface of differently damaged areas on the roof and sidewalls in stopes is justified for the Orlov Mine.
Rocks, shotcrete, spray-on membrane insulation, strength characteristic, adhesion, stope, exposed surface, stability
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739120036714
REFERENCES
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8. Maiorov, A.E., Reinforcement of Adjacent Rock Mass during Support Installation in Mines, Vestn. KuzGTU, 2007, no. 1, pp. 6–11.
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10. Shaposhnik, Yu.N., Neverov, A.A., Neverov, S.A., Konurin, A.I., and Shokarev, D.A., Development of Technology for Filling Voids between Metal Frame Support and Adjacent Rock Mass by Foam Materials, J. Min. Sci., 2018, vol. 54, no. 2, pp. 237–247.
11. Martynenko, I.I. and Martynenko, I.A., Methods and Means Currently in Use to Fill Voids at Support–Rock Interface with Hardening Materials: Review, Improvement of Mine Construction Technologies: Inter-University Collection of Scientific Papers, P. V. Sdobnikov (Ed.), Kemerovo: Kuzbas. Poltekhn. Inst., 1986, pp. 115–126.
12. Martynenko, I.A., Zolot’ko, P.M., and Martynenko, I.I., Grouting of Mine Support Voids with Hardening Materials, Construction of Mines and Substructures: Inter-University Collection of Scientific Papers, Sverdlovsk: Sverdl. Gorn. Inst., 1987, issue 9, pp. 70–73.
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14. Serdyukov, S.V., Shilova, T.V., and Drobchik, A.N., Polymeric Insulating Compositions for Impervious Screening of Rock Mass, J. Min. Sci., 2016, vol. 52, no. 4, pp. 826–833.
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SCIENCE OF MINING MACHINES
SIMULATION MODELING OF OPERATION OF DOWNHOLE VIBRATION EXCITER EM DRIVE
B. F. Simonov*, V. Yu. Neiman**, L. A. Neiman, and A. O. Kordubailo
Chinakal Institute of Mining, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630091 Russia
*e-mail: Simonov_BF@mail.ru
Novosibirsk State Technical University, Novosibirsk, 630073 Russia
**e-mail: nv.nstu@ngs.ru
The article presents a case-study of mathematical modeling of electromagnetic and electromechanical processes in a downhole vibration exciter EM drive. The authors propose the mathematical model of EM drive on the basis of a double-acting EM machine. This model maintains a wide-range analysis of transient and quasi-stable operating regimes. The algorithm and implementation of the model using the structural modeling methods and means in the Matlab Simulink environment are described. The model verification is carried out by means of comparison of the simulation and physical models of EM drive within the configuration of downhole pulse vibration exciter. The appropriateness of the model is proved. The authors give recommendations on further improvement of the model and its accuracy in calculation of dynamic behavior of drives.
Downhole vibration exciter, EM drive, double-acting machine, mathematical model, computation algorithm, Matlab Simulink, function chart, simulation modeling, operation, dynamic behavior
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739120036726
REFERENCES
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2. Lysenko, V.D., Reservoir Stimulation and Enhanced Oil Recovery Methods, Neftepromyslovoe delo, 2012, no. 2, pp. 14–17.
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4. Serdyukov, S.V. and Kurlenya, M.V., Mechanism of Oil Production Stimulation by Low-Intensity Seismic Fields, Acoust. Phys., 2007, vol. 53, no. 5, pp. 618–628.
5. Kremlev, G.À., Savchenko, À.V., and Pogarsky, Yu.V., Development of a Downhole Vibration Exciter of Harmonic Vibrations with Adjustable Frequency, InterExpo Geo-Sibir, 2014, vol. 2, no. 4, pp. 80–84.
6. Dyblenko, V.P., Marchunov, E.Yu., Tufanov, I.A., Sharifullin, R.Ya., and Evchenko, V.S., Volnovye tekhnologii i ikh ispol’zovanie pri razrabotke mestorozhdenii nefti s trudnoizvlekaemymi zapasami. Kniga 1 (Wave Technologies and Their Use in Developing Oil Fields with Hard-to-Recover Reserves. Book I), Moscow: RAEN, 2012.
7. Savchenko, À.V., Stupin, V.P., Tyugaev, R.A., and Sergeev, A.A., Development of Downhole Unbalance Vibration Exciters and Stands for Their Study, InterExpo Geo-Sibir, 2016, vol. 2, no. 4, pp. 3–7.
8. Simonov, B.F., Neiman, V.Yu, and Shabanov, A.S., Pulsed Linear Solenoid Actuator for Deep-Well Vibration Source, J. Min. Sci., 2017, vol. 53, no. 1, pp. 117–125.
9. Simonov, B.F., Kordubailo, A.O., Neiman, V.Yu., and Polishchuk, A.E., Processes in Linear Pulse Electromagnetic Motors of Downhole Vibration Generators, J. Min. Sci., 2018, vol. 54, no. 1, pp. 61–68.
10. Moshkin, V.I., Comparison of the Magnetic Cycles of a Linear Pulse Electromagnetic Motor Taking into Account Power Losses in Its Winding, Izv. TGU, 2012, vol. 321, no. 4, pp. 93–96.
11. Usanov, K.M., Kargun, V.À., and Volgin, A.V., Evaluation of the Efficiency of Energy Conversions in an Electromagnetic Impact Machine with an Elastic Return Element, Trudy KubGAU, 2008, no. 1, pp. 86–87.
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MINERAL DRESSING
EFFECT OF PHYSISORPTION OF COLLECTOR ON ACTIVATION OF FLOTATION OF SPHALERITE
T. G. Gavrilova and S. A. Kondrat’ev*
Chinakal Institute of Mining, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences,Novosibirsk, 630091 Russia
*e-mail: kondr@misd.ru
The studies into the mechanism of activation of sphalerite flotation by ions of heavy metals show that neither ion exchange nor electrochemistry explain the experimental facts, namely, activation of flotation of copper mineral by lead ions, activation of sphalerite flotation by zinc, or flotation in the presence of non-conducting surface layer with silver or mercury. The authors put forward the hypothesis of activation due to the effect of physisorption of a collector in elementary event of flotation. It is possible to activate froth flotation by the products of nonstoichiometric interaction between xanthate and ions of some heavy metals. The influence of the scope of deviation from the stoichiometric relation of concentrations of xanthate and activation metal salt on the collectability of the interaction products is described. The activation efficiency of the interaction products is estimated using the criterion of ‘surface flow thickness’ of the film of collector derivatives at the gas–liquid interface.
Flotation, activation, ion exchange and electrochemistry, heavy metal ions, physisorption
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739120036738
REFERENCES
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2. Gaudin, A.M., Principles of Mineral Dressing, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1932.
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4. Finkelstein, N.P., The Activation of Sulfide Minerals for Flotation: A Review, Int. J. of Min. Proc., 1997, vol. 52, pp. 81–120.
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7. Liu, B., Wang, X., Du, H., Liu, J., Zheng, S., Zhang, Y., and Miller, J.D., The surface Features of Lead Activation in Amyl Xanthate Flotation of Quartz, Int. J. of Min. Proc., 2016, vol. 151, pp. 33–39.
8. Wang, X., Forssberg, E., and Bolin, N.J., The Aqueous and Surface Chemistry of Activation in the Flotation of Sulfide Minerals—A Review. Part I: An Electrochemical Model, Min. Proc. and Extractive Metal., Rev., 1989, vol. 4, pp. 135–165.
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13. Coleman, R.E., Powell, H.E, and Cochran, A.A., Infrared Studies of Products of the Reaction between Activated Zinc Sulfide and Potassium Ethyl Xanthate, AIME Transactions, 1967, vol. 241, pp. 408–412.
14. Maust, E.E. and Richardson, P.E., Electrophysical Considerations of the Activation of Sphalerite for Flotation, U. S. Bureau of Mines, Report of Investigation 8108, Washington, 1976.
15. Chandra, A.P. and Gerson, A.R., A Review of the Fundamental Studies of the Copper Activation Mechanisms for Selective Flotation of the Sulfide Minerals, Sphalerite and Pyrite, Advances in Colloid and Interfaces Sci., 2009, no. 145, pp. 97–110.
16. Finkelstein, N.P. and Allison, S.A., The Chemistry of Activation, Deactivation and Depression in the Flotation of Zinc Sulfide. A Review. Flotation, M. C. Fuerstenau (Ed.), A. M. Gaudin Memorial Volume, AIME, New York, 1976.
17. Laskowski, J.S., Liu, Q., and Zhan, Y., Sphalerite Activation: Flotation and Electrokinetic Studies, Min. Eng., 1997, vol. 10, pp. 787–802.
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36. Kondrat’ev, S.À. and Gavrilova, T.G., Physical Adsorption Mechanism in Terms of Sulfide Mineral Activation by Heavy Metal Ions, J. Min. Sci., 2018, vol. 54, no. 3, pp. 466–478.
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38. Kondrat’ev, S.À. and Burdakova, Å.À., Physical Adsorption Validity in Flotation, J. Min. Sci., 2018, vol. 53, no. 3, pp. 734–742.
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MECHANISM OF THERMOCHEMICAL INTERACTION BETWEEN OLD COPPER ORE FLOTATION TAILINGS AND CHLORAMMONIUM REAGENTS
N. L. Medyanik*, E. V. Leont’eva, E. R. Mullina, and O. A. Mishurina
Nosov Magnitogorsk State Technical University, Magnitogorsk, 455000 Russia
*e-mail: chem@magtu.ru
The article addresses processability of old copper–zinc ore flotation tailings. Potential reserves and processability of mining waste are considered in terms of Uchaly Mining and Processing Plant. The mineral composition and chemistry of old tailings are determined. The analysis of modes of interaction between gold and tailings minerals reveals inefficiency of conventional technologies in extraction of valuable components. The authors validate thermochemical processing technology for old tailings with gold and silver recovery using chlorammonium reagents. The thermal study determines the mode of thermochemical interaction of old flotation tailings with NH4Cl and NH4Cl – NH4NO3 mixture, efficient sequence of tailings processing with chlorammonium reagents and the optimum temperature ranges.
Old flotation tailings, rebelliousness, chlorammonium reagents, endo-effect, thermocheimical processing, synchronous thermal study
DOI: 10.1134/S106273912003674X
REFERENCES
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14. Zyryanov, Ì.N. and Leonov, S.B., Khloridnaya metallurgiya zolota (Chloride Metallurgy of Gold), Moscow: SP Intermet-Engineering, 1997.
15. Medyanik, N.L., Leont’eva, E.V., Mullina, E.R., and Shadrunova, I.V., Determination of Optimal Parameters of Thermochemical Processing of Old Flotation Tailings of Copper-Zinc Ores by Chlorammonium Reagents, Tsvet. Metally, 2018, no. 6, pp. 7–13.
PHYSICOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF DISTRIBUTION OF USEFUL COMPONENTS IN WASTE IN THE THERMAL ENERGY SECTOR
V. S. Rimkevich*, A. P. Sorokin, A. A. Pushkin, and I. V. Girenko
Institute of Geology and Nature Management, Far East Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Blagoveshchensk, 675000 Russia
*e-mail: igip@ascnet.ru
The physicochemical analysis of distribution of useful components in processing of ash and slag of the thermal energy sector plants is performed. The article describes thermodynamics and kinetics of chemical reactions during agglomeration of feedstock and ammonium hydrofluoride at the temperatures of 50–200 °Ñ, sublimation of ammonium hexafluorosilicate in the temperature range of 350–550 °Ñ, production of amorphous silica nanoparticles, alumina particles and red iron oxide pigment, as well as formation of calcium fluoride (Ca, Y)F2 which is a concentrator of rare and other elements. The efficient technology is developed for processing of electromagnetic fraction of ash and slag with integrated recovery of various useful components.
Mining and processing waste, integrated processing, distribution of elements, efficient method, amorphous silica, alumina, useful components
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739120036751
REFERENCES
1. Sorokin, A.P., Savchenko, I.F., Noskova, L.P., Kuz’minykh, V.M., Konyushok, A.A., Rimkevich, V.S., and Krapiventseva, V.V., Multi-Purpose Use of Caustobioliths of Carbonic Series Based on Innovative Coal Chemistry Technologies in the Far East of Russia, J. Min. Sci., 2018, vol. 54, no. 1, pp. 147–157.
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3. Sorokin, A.P. and Konyushok, A.A., Distribution of Rare Metals and Rare Earths in Lignite Deposits of the Upper and Middle Amur Regions, Dokl. Akad. Nauk, 2018, no. 6, pp. 658–661.
4. Delitsyn, L.M. and Vlasov, A.S., Essentiality of New Approaches to Utilization of Ash of Heat Power Plants, Teploenergetika, 2010, no. 4, pp. 49–55.
5. Fomina, E.Yu. and Artemova, O.S., Processability of Ash and Slag from Heat Power Plants Using Metallurgical Treatment Techniques, GIAB, 2011, no. 8, pp. 273–277.
6. Kovzalenko, V.A., Sadykov, N.M.-K., Abdulvaliev, R.A., and Rimkevich, V.S., Integrated Fluoride Treatment Technology for High Silicon Materials, Obogashch. Rud, 2015, no. 5 (359), pp. 54–59.
7. Wang, W., Lu, P., Han, L., Zhang, C., Su, R., Yang, C., and Chen, J., Diffusion Behavior of Ammonium Group and Its Interaction Mechanisms with Intrinsic Defects in Fused Silica, Applied Physics A: Materials Sci. PorcProc., 2016, vol. 122, no. 10, pp. 929–937.
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18. Karelin, V.A. and Karelin, A.I., Ftoridnaya tekhnologiya pererabotki kontsentratov redkikh metallov (Fluoride Processing Technology for Rare Metal Concentrates), Tomsk: NTL, 2002.
PHOSPHATE DECOMPOSITION BY ALKALINE ROASTING TO CONCENTRATE RARE EARTH ELEMENTS FROM MONAZITE OF BANGKA ISLAND, INDONESIA
Tri Purwanti, Mochamad Setyadji, Widi Astuti, Indra Perdana, and Himawan Tri Bayu Murti Petrus*
Department of Chemical Engineering (Advanced Material and Sustainable Mineral Processing Research Group),
Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Gadjah MadaYogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
Center for Nuclear Minerals Technology, National Nuclear Energy Agency, Jakarta, 12440 Indonesia
Center for Accelerator Science and Technology, National Nuclear Energy Agency, Yogyakarta, 55281 Indonesia
Research Division for Mineral Technology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI), Tanjung Bintang, Lampung Selatan, Indonesia
Unconventional Geo-Resources Research Group, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, 55281 Indonesia
*e-mail: bayupetrus@ugm.ac.id
The article considers extraction of rare elements from monazite and their leaching. In this study, phosphate decomposition process was conducted using alkaline roasting. The results showed that the phosphate decomposition of monazite from Bangka Island increased with increasing temperature and increasing monazite/NaOH mass ratio. Analysis of the decomposition rate on the basis of shrinking core model revealed that the rate could be appropriately expressed by the equation based on mixed control of diffusion through a residual layer and surface chemical reaction.
Rare earth elements, monazite, alkaline roasting, phosphate decomposition
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739120036763
REFERENCES
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3. Wu, S., Wang, L.L., Zhao, L., Zhang, P., El-Shall, H., Moudgil, B., Huang, X., and Zhang, L., Recovery of Rare Earth Elements from Phosphate Rock by Hydrometallurgical Processes—A Critical Review, Chem. Eng. J., 2018, vol. 335, pp. 774–800.
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MINING ECOLOGY AND EXPLOITATION OF THE EARTH’S BOWELS
ECOLOGICAL SUSTAINABILITY INDICATORS OF THE MINING INDUSTRY AREAS IN RUSSIA
G. V. Kalabin
Academician Sadovsky Institute of Geosphere Dynamics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119334 Russia
e-mail: kalabin@gmail.com
The author gives methodological ground for the assessment of ecological sustainability of the mining industry areas based on the mechanism of interaction between the natural and technical subsystems. The list and values of the required ecological stability indicators are presented for the environmental risk classification of industrial facilities.
Mining industry, areas, ecological sustainability, measured indicators, natural and technical subsystems
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739120036775
REFERENCES
1. Selenella Sala, Biagio Ciaffo, and Peter Nijkamp, A Systemic Framework for Sustainability Assessment, J. Ecological Economics, 2015, vol. 119, pp. 314–235.
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4. Trubetskoy, K.N. and Galchenko, Yu.P., Geoekologiya osvoeniya nedr Zemli i ekogeotekhnologii razrabotki mestorozhdenii (Geoecology of Subsoil Management and Mineral Mining Ecotechnologies), Moscow: Nauchtekhlitizdat, 2015.
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8. Bartalev, S.A., Egorov, V.A., Ershov, D.V., Isaev, A.S., Lupyan, E.A., Plotnikov, D.E., and Uvarov, I.A., Satellite Mapping of Vegetation Cover in Russia by MODIS Data, Sovr. Probl. Dist. Zondir., 2011, vol. 8, no. 4, pp. 285–302.
NEW METHODS AND INSTRUMENTS IN MINING
DELINEATION OF PHREATIC SURFACE IN SOIL TYPE SLOPE— A COMPARATIVE STUDY USING PHYSICAL AND NUMERICAL MODELING
Mamta Jaswal, Rabindra Kumar Sinha*, and Phalguni Sen
Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines) Dhanbad, Jharkhand, 826004 India
*e-mail: rksinha@iitism.ac.in
This study discusses the importance of phreatic surface in the stability of slopes. It describes the development of phreatic layer based on Dupuit and Forcheimmer assumptions in the slope. To understand the water flow behavior through slopes, design of prototype was prepared and later the set-up was fabricated in the laboratory. The set-up includes simulated conventional dump made up of soil type material. The design of experimental set-up resembles the actual scenarios of overburden dumps constructed over the bases having inclination varying from 0 to 5°. The phreatic surfaces obtained in physical models are further compared with numerical models prepared using SEEP/W software.
Phreatic surface, groundwater, seepage analysis, slope stability, SEEP/W
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739120036787
REFERENCES
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12. Johansson, J., Impact of Water-Level Variations on Slope Stability, Dissertation, Lulea Tekniska Universitet, 2014.
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