JMS, Vol. 56, No. 1, 2020
GEOMECHANICS
DYNAMICS OF ROOF ROCK DISPLACEMENT IN. A. PRODUCTION HEADING IN THE COURSE OF MINING
M. V. Kurlenya and V. E. Mirenkov
Chinakal Institute of Mining, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630091 Russia
e-mail: mirenkov@misd.ru
A new method is proposed for predicting rock pressure with regard to statics, kinematics and dynamics. The static approach calculates strain state using the known classical method based on the mining guidelines. The kinematic approach takes into account the weight of overlying strata and makes the kinematic approach more specific. Dynamics is traced as nonlinear deformation in the course of mining, and the dynamic approach needs additional in-situ information on the rock mass behavior. The three approaches provide the total displacement of roof rocks in a production heading. The authors discuss a quasi-static approach determining dynamics in terms of the pliability of rocks ahead of an advancing face and feasibility of obtaining experimental data for the new method implementation.
Production heading, stratum, rocks, control, solution, incorrectness, statics, kinematics, dynamics
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739120016429
REFERENCES
1. Carranza-Torres, C., Rysdahe, B., and Vasim, M., On the Elastic Analysis of a Circular Lined Tunnel Considering the Delayed Installation of the Support, J. Rock Mech. and Min. Sci., 2013, vol. 61, pp. 57–85.
2. Shaposhnik, Yu. N., Neverov, À. À., Neverov, S. À., and Nikol’sky, À. N., Assessment of Influence of Voids on Phase II Mining of Artemievsk Deposit, J. Min. Sci., 2017, vol. 53, no. 3, pp. 524–532.
3. Badrul, Alam A. K. M., Masaki, Niioka Fujii, Daisuke, Fukuda, and Jun-ichi, Kodama, Effect of Confining Pressure on the Permeability of Three Rock Types under Compression, J. Rock Mech. and Min. Sci., 2014, vol. 65, pp. 49–61.
4. Kumar, R., Singh, A.K., Mishra, A.K., and Singh, R., Underground Mining of Thick Coal Seams, J. Min. Sci. Technol., 2015, vol. 25, no. 6, pp. 885–896.
5. Basarir, H., Oge, I.F., and Aydin, O., Prediction of the Stresses around Main and Tail Gates during Top Coal Caving by 3D Numerical Analysis, J. Min. Sci. Technol., 2015, vol. 25, pp. 88–97.
6. Mikhlin, S.G., About Stresses in Rock above the Coal Seam, Izv. AN SSSR OTN, 1942, nos. 7–8, pp. 13–28.
7. Barenblatt, G.I. and Khristianovich, S.À., Roof Caving in Mines, Izv. AN SSSR OTN, 1955, no. 11, pp. 73–86.
8. Kurlenya, Ì.V. and Mirenkov, V.Å., Phenomenological Model of Rock Deformation around Mine Workings, J. Min. Sci., 2018, vol. 54, no. 2, pp. 3–9.
9. Mirenkov, V.Å., Ill-Posed Problems of Geomechanics, J. Min. Sci., 2018, vol. 54, no. 3, pp. 3–10.
10. Gritsko, G.I., Vlasenko, B.V., and Posokhov, G.Å., Prognozirovanie i raschet proyavlenii gornogo davleniya (Prediction and Calculation of Events due to Rock Pressure), Novosibirsk: Nauka, 1980.
11. Gol’dshtein, R.V. and Osipenko, N.Ì., Motion Mechanism Modeling in an Intermediate Layer between Contacting Bodies under Compressive Shift, Mekh. Tverd. Tela, 2016, no. 3, pp. 55–70.
12. Goryacheva, N.G. and Torskaya, E.V., Modeling the Effect of Coating Technology on Contact Interaction Characteristics, Ìekh. Tverd. Tela, 2016, no. 5, pp. 52–60.
13. Chen, T., Wang, X., and Mukerji, T., In-Situ Identification of High Vertical Stress Areas in an Underground Coal Mine Panel Using Seismic Refraction Tomography, J. Coal Geology, 2015, vol. 149, pp. 55–66.
MODELING PARTIAL CLOSURE OF. A. VARIABLE-WIDTH SLOT WITH COHESION END ZONES IN ROCK MASS
V. M. Mirsalimov
Institute of Mathematics and Mechanics, Azerbaijan Technical University, National Academy of Sciences of Azerbaijan, Baku, AZ1073 Azerbaijan
e-mail: mir-vagif@mail.ru
The article considers the problem on compression of an isotropic medium with a variable-width slot with cohesive zones at the ends. Under the action of tectonic and gravitational forces in rock mass, contact zones appear between the slot surfaces. The author analyzes the case of a number of the contact zones between the slot surfaces. In a part of the contact zone, cohesion of the slot edges takes place, while sliding is possible in the other part. The unknown parameters of the partial closure of the slot are found by solving a system of singular integro-differential equations. The contact stresses, the cohesion forces, as well as the sizes of the contact areas, cohesion zones and pre-fracture end zones are determined.
Rock mass, variable width slot, pre-fracture end zones, tectonic and gravitational forces, cohesion forces, contact stresses
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739120016430
REFERENCES
1. Cornec, A., Yuan, H., and Lin, G., Cohesive Zone Model for Ductile Fracture, Proc. of the 15th Riso Inter. Symposium on Materials Science: Numerical Predictions of Deformation Processes and the Behavior of Real Materials, S. I. Andersen et al. (Eds.), Roskilde, Denmark, 1994, pp. 269–274.
2. Cox, B. N. and Marshall, D. B., Concepts for Bridged Cracks Fracture and Fatigue, Acta Metallurgica et Materialia, 1994, vol. 42, pp. 341–363.
3. Needleman, A., An Analysis of Decohesion along an Imperfect Interface, Int. J. Fracture, 1990, vol. 42, pp. 21–40.
4. Spec. Issue. Cohesive Models, Engineering Fracture Mechanics, 2003, vol. 70 (14).
5. Kovtunenko, V. A., Nonconvex Problem for Crack with Nonpenetration, ZAMM, 2005, vol. 85, pp. 242–251.
6. Khludnev, A.M., Theory of Cracks with Possible Contact of Surfaces, Uspekhi Mekhaniki, 2005, vol. 3, no. 4, pp. 41–82.
7. Khludnev, A.M., Zadachi teorii uprugosti v negladkikh oblastyakh (Problems of Elasticity in Unsmooth Domains), Moscow: Fizmatlit, 2010.
8. Prechtel, M., Leiva Ronda, P., Janisch, R., Hartmaier, A., Leugering, G., Steinmann, P. and Stingl, M., Simulation of Fracture in Heterogeneous Elastic Materials with Cohesive Zone Models, Int. J. Fracture, 2011, vol. 168, pp. 15–29.
9. Gasanov, Sh.G., Cohesive Crack with Partially Bridged Surfaces in the Section of Road Carpet, Mekh. Mashin, Mekhaniz. Material., 2012, no. 2 (19), pp. 58–64.
10. Mirsalimov, V.M. and Rustamov, B.E., Interaction of Prefracture Zones and Crack Visible Cavity in a Burning Solid with Mixed Boundary Conditions, Acta Mechanica, 2012, vol. 223, pp. 627–643.
11. Mirsalimov, V.M. and Rustamov, B.E., Simulation of a Partial Closure of a Crack-Like Cavity with Cohesion between the Faces in and Isotropic Medium, J. Appl. Mech. Tech. Phys., 2013, vol. 54, no. 6, pp. 1021–1029.
12. Mirsalimov, V.M. and Zolghannein, E., Cracks with Interfacial Bonds in the Hub of a Friction Pair, Meccanica, 2012, vol. 47, pp. 1591–1600.
13. Mustafaev, A.B., Interaction between the Faces of a Variable-Width Slot in Bending of a Strip (Beam) under Thermal Effect, Mekh. Mashin, Mekhaniz. Material., 2014, no. 3 (28), pp. 30–36.
14. Mirsalimov, V.M. and Mustafayev, A.B., Inhibition of a Curvilinear Bridged Crack by Induced Thermoelastic Stress Field, J. Thermal Stresses, 2016, vol. 39, pp. 1301–1319.
15. Mir-Salim-Zade, M.V., Partial Contact of Faces of a Variable Width Slit in a Stringer Plate, J. Physicochemical Mechanics of Materials, 2016, vol. 52, no. 3, pp. C. 29–34.
16. Mir-Salim-Zade, M.V., Contact Problem for a Stringer Plate Weakened by a Periodic System of Variable Width Slots, Structural Engineering and Mechanics, 2017, vol. 62, no. 6, pp. 719–724.
17. Mirsalimov, V.M. and Mustafayev, A.B., Effect of Induced Temperature Field on Development of Curvilinear Crack with Bonds between the Faces in End Zones, J. Theor. and Appl. Mech., 2017, vol. 55, pp. 765–778.
18. Mir-Salim-Zade, M.V., Partial Closure of Rectilinear Cohesive Cracks in a Stringer Plate with Hole, Probl. Mashinostr. NAN Ukr., 2017, vol. 20, no. 2, pp. 46–53.
19. Mustafaev, A.B., Slowing Down of the Growth of a Crack of Variable Width under the Influence of a Temperature Field, J. Appl. Mech. Tech. Phys., 2017, vol. 58, no. 1, pp. 148–154.
20. Mir-Salim-Zade, M.V., Partial Closure of a Rectilinear Crack Starting from a Circular Hole Boundary in a Stringer Plate, Stroit. Mekh. Inzh. Konstr. Sooruzh., 2018, no. 14 (4), pp. 313–322.
21. Khludnev, A., Faella, L., and Popova, T., Junction Problem for Rigid and Timoshenko Elastic Inclusions in Elastic Bodies, Mathematics and Mechanics of Solids, 2017, vol. 22, issue 4, pp. 737–750.
22. Khludnev, A.M., On Modeling Thin Inclusions in Elastic Bodies with a Damage Parameter, Mathematics and Mechanics of Solids, 2019, vol. 24, issue 9, pp. 2742–2753.
23. Galin, L.A., Indentation of a Press Tool under Friction and Cohesion, Prikl. Matem. Mekh., 1945, vol. 9, no. 5, pp. 413–424.
24. Muskhelishvili, N.I., Nekotorye osnovnye zadachi matematicheskoi teorii uprugosti (Some Basic Problems of Elasticity), Moscow: Nauka, 1966.
25. Gakhov, F.D., Kraevye zadachi (Boundary Value Problems), Moscow: Nauka, 1977.
26. Panasyuk, V.V., Savruk, M.P., and Datsyshin, A.P., Raspredelenie napryazhenii okolo treshchin v plastinakh i obolochkakh (Stress Distribution nearby Cracks in Plates and Shells), Kiev: Nauk. Dumka, 1976.
27. Mirsalimov, V.M., Neodnomernye uprugoplasticheskie zadachi (Non-One-Dimensional Elastoplastic Problems), Moscow: Nauka. 1987.
28. Il’yushin, A.A., Plastichnost’ (Plasticity), Moscow: Logos, 2003.
29. Birger, I.A., Structural Designs with Regard to Plasticity and Creep, Izv. AN SSSR. Mekhanika, 1965, no. 2, pp. 113–119.
STABILITY PREDICTION IN EARTHFILL DAMS WITH REGARD TO SPATIAL VARIABILITY OF STRENGTH PROPERTIES OF LOAMY SOIL
S. P. Bakhaeva and D. V. Gur’ev
Gorbachev Kuzbass State Technical University, Kemerovo, 650000 Russia
e-mail: baxaevas@mail.ru
e-mail: gurevdv@gmailcom
Based on the analysis, generalization and statistical processing of experimental data, the guideline values are determined for the physical and mechanical properties of loamy soil for construction of earthfill dams at liquid mining waste storages. A close parabolic relationship is found between the cohesion, internal friction angle and natural moisture content of soil. The authors present the method of real-time prediction of earthfill dam parameters with regard to spatial variability of soil strength.
Physical and mechanical properties, man-made loamy soil, earthfill dam stability
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739120016442
REFERENCES
1. Sivakumar, G.L. and Mukesh, M.D., Effect of Soil Variability on Reliability of Soil Slopes, J. Geotechnique, 2004, vol. 54, no. 5, pp. 335–337.
2. Cho, S.E., Effects of Spatial Variability of Soil Properties on Slope Stability, J. Eng. Geol., 1992, vol. 92, pp. 97–109.
3. Edigenov, M.B., Variability of Soil Properties in the Varvara Open Pit Wall in the Kostanai Region in Kazakhstan, Izv. NAN Kyrgyz. Republ., 2014, no. 2, pp. 30–35.
4. Akhlyustin, O.E., Laws of Variability in Physical and Mechanical Properties of Subsiding Soil in the Anapa Region in the Krasnodar Krai, Synopsys of Thesis of Candidate of Science in Geology and Mineralogy, Yekaterinburg, 2013.
5/ Chernyak, E.R., The Future is in the Regional Tables of Guideline and Estimated Values of Soil Properties, Inzh. Izysk., 2011, no. 9, pp. 4–8.
6. Rukovodstvo po sostavlenyu regional’nykh tablits normativnykh i raschetnykh pokazatelei svoistv gruntov (Guidelines on Tabulation of Regional Guideline and Estimated Values for Properties of Soil), Moscow: Stroiizdat, 1981.
7. Prostov, S.M., Smirnov, N.A., and Bakhaeva, S.P., Prediction of Physico-Mechanical Properties of Hydraulic Fill Based on Electrical Sounding, J. Min. Sci., 2015, vol. 51, no. 1, pp. 55–62.
8. Kurlenya, M.V., Serdyukov, A.S., Chernyshov, G.S., Yablokov, A.V., Dergach, P.A., and Duchkov, A.A., Procedure and Evidence of Seismic Research into Physical Properties of Cohesive Soil, J. Min. Sci., 2016, vol. 52, no. 3, pp. 417–423.
9. Gur’ev, D.V., Generalization of Characteristics of Dispersed Manmade Soil in Terms of Kuzbass, Vestn. KuzGTU, 2015, no. 3, pp. 31–36.
10. Bakhaeva, S.P. and Guriev, D.V., Analytical Prediction of Stability of Earthfill Dam, Proc. of the 8th Russian-Chinese Symp. Coal in the 21st Century, Mining, Proc., Safety, Beijing, 2016, pp. 188–192.
11. Gur’ev, D.V. and Karablin, M.M., Stable Dam Computer Program State Certificate 2015613416, 2015.
ROCK FAILURE
MODELING SEISMIC VIBRATIONS UNDER MASSIVE BLASTING IN UNDERGROUND MINES
A. N. Kholodilov and A. P. Gospodarikov
Saint-Petersburg State University of Airspace Instrument Engineering, Saint-Petersburg, 190000 Russia
e-mail: kholodilov@mail.ru
Saint-Petersburg Mining University, Saint-Petersburg, 199106 Russia
e-mail: Gospodarikov_AP@pers.spmi.ru
The theoretical model is proposed, which allows tracing continuation of seismic vibrations after cessation of blast load by the analysis of velocigrams recording on ground surface during underground explosions. The comparison of the model and experimental velocigrams of massive blasts shows validity of elliptical filters for second-order low frequencies in modeling waveforms of the velocigrams. The model efficiency in the detection of time-delay errors is proved. The conditions of predicting peak particle velocities based on explosive weight per blast are determined. The pre-conditions for the resonance excitation in the rock mass–guarded object system are discussed, and the blast-induced load is predicted.
Blasting, velocigram, seismic safety, blast-induced seismic vibrations, underground mine, installations above ground, seismic load prediction, elliptical filter
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739120016454
REFERENCES
1. Artemov, V.À., Vinogradov, Yu. I., Kholodilov, À. N., Gustov, S.V., and Shcherbakov, N.Ya., Seismic Safety of Massive Blasting at the Novo-Shirokinsky Mine, Vzryvnoe delo, 2011, no. 105/62, pp. 239–252.
2. Kholodilov, À.N. and Gospodarikov, A.P., Methodology of the Assessment of Seismic Safety of Explosions Executed in Underground Mines near Heapsteads, GIAB, 2016, no. 2, pp. 320–328.
3. Eremenko, À.À., Mashukov, I.V., and Eremenko, V.À., Geodynamic and Seismic Events under Rockburst-Hazardous Block Caving in Gornaya Shoria, J. Min. Sci., 2017, vol. 53, no. 1, pp. 65–70.
4. Oparin, V.N., Yushkin, V.F., Porokhovsky, N.N., Grishin, À.N., Kulinich, N.À., Rublev, D.Å., and Yushkin, A.V., Effect of Large-Scale Blasting on Spectrum of Seismic Waves in a Stone Quarry, J. Min. Sci., 2014, vol. 50, no. 5, pp. 865–877.
5. Verkholantsev, À.V., Dyagilev, R.À., Shulakov, D.Yu., and Shkurko, À.V., Monitoring of Earthquake Loads from Blasting in the Shakhtau Open Pit Mine, J. Min. Sci., 2019, vol. 55, no. 2, pp. 229–238.
6. Prashanth, R. and Nimaje, D. S. Estimation of Peak Particle Velocity Using Soft Computing Technique Approaches, Noise and Vibration Worldwide, 2018, vol. 49, nos. 9–10, pp. 302–310.
7. Kishkina, S.B., Seismic Load of Large-Scale Chemical Blasting in the Mines of Kursk Magnetic Anomaly, Cand. Phys. Math. Sci. Thesis, Moscow, 2002.
8. Orlenko, L.P. (Ed.), Fizika vzryva (Physics of Explosion), Moscow: Fizmatlit, 2004.
9. Oppenheim, À.V and Schafer, R.W, Digital Signal Processing, Pearson, 1975.
10. Kholodilov, À.N., Artemov, V.À., and Vinogradov, Yu. I., Estimation Procedure of a Line of Least Resistance with Acceleration Information for Rock Blasting Technique, GIAB, 2013, no. 5, pp. 314–318.
11. Ekvist, B.V., Increasing the Safety of Short-Delay Blasting, GIAB, 2017, no. 5, pp. 389–394.
12. Han, L., Li, H., Liu, D., Ling, T., Li, C., and Liang, S., Probability Analysis for Influence of Time-Delay Error of Detonators on Superposed Seismic Wave Vibration Reduction, J. of Vibration and Shock, 2019, vol. 38, no. 3, pp. 96–101.
13. Pandula, B. and Jelsovska, K., New Criterion for Estimate of Ground Vibrations during Blasting Operations in Quarries, Acta Geodynamica et Geomaterialia, 2008, vol. 5, no. 2 (150), pp. 147–152.
14. Yakubovich, V.A. and Starzhinsky, V.M., Lineinye differentsia’lnye uravneniya s periodicheskimi koeffitsientami i ikh prilozheniya (Linear Differential Equations with Periodic Coefficients and Applications), Moscow: Nauka, 1972.
GENERATION OF GRANULOMETRIC COMPOSITION OF BROKEN ROCKS IN FRAGMENTATION BY BENCH BLASTING
B. R. Rakishev
Satpaev Kazakh National Research Technical University, Almaty, 050013 Republic of Kazakhstan
e-mail: b.rakishev@mail.ru
A physical model is created to describe stage-by-stage fracture of rock mass by deep-hole blasting. The analytical dependences are presented for main parameters of massive blasting. The zones of intense and passive crushing are identified in a blasted bench. The formulas are obtained to calculate volumes of different size particles in these zones. The automated determination procedure of particle size distribution is proposed. The program in Microsoft Visual Studio 2017 environment allows the automated analysis of blasthole pattern in a bench and particle size distribution in broken rock mass depending on initial data.
Physical model of rock blasting, main blasting parameters, intense and passive crushing, rock volumes, automated analysis of granulometric composition, software
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739120016466
REFERENCES
1. Pokrovskii, G.I. and Fedorov, I. S. Deistvie udara i vzryva v deformiruemykh sredakh (Effect of Impact and Blasting in Deformable Media), Moscow, 1957.
2. Rodionov, V.N., Adushkin, V.V., and Kostyuchenko, V.N., Mekhanicheskii effekt podzemnogo vzryva (Mechanical Effect of Underground Blast), Moscow: Nedra, 1971.
3. Rakishev, B.R., Auezova, A.M., and Rakisheva, Z B., The Specification of Granulometric Composition of Natural Jointing in Rock Massif by Their Average Size, Proc. of the 9th Int. Conf. on Phys. Problems of Rock Destruction, Beijing, China, 2014, pp. 274–282.
4. Rakishev, B.R., Avtomatizirovannoe proektirovanie i proizvodstvo massovykh vzryvov na kar’erakh (Automated Engineering and Implementation of Large-Scale Blasting in Open Pit Mines), Almaty: Gylym, 2016.
5. Repin, N.Ya., Podgotovka i ekskavatsiya vskryshnykh porod ugol’nykh razrezov (Overburden Preparation and Excavation in Open Pit Coal Mines), Moscow: Nedra, 1978.
6. Kutuzov, B.N., Metody vedeniya vzryvnykh rabot (Blasting Methods), Part I: Rock Fragmentation by Blasting: University Textbook, Moscow: Gornaya kniga, 2007.
7. Komir, V.M. and Nazarenko, V.G., Role of Gaseous Products of Detonation in Fracture of Solid Medium by Blasting, Vzryvnoe delo, 1978, no. 80/37, pp. 74–80.
8. Efremov, E.I., Razrushenie gornykh porod energiei vzryva (Rock Fracture by Explosion Energy), Kiev: Naukova dumka, 1978.
9. Khanukaev, A.N., Fizicheskie protsessy pri otboike gornykh porod vzryvom (Physical Processes in Rock Breakage by Blasting), Moscow: Nedra, 1974.
10. Adushkin, V.V. and Spivak, A.A., Geomekhanika krupnomasshtabnykh vzryvov (Geomechanics of Large-Scale Blasts), Moscow: Nedra, 1993.
11. Trubetskoy, K.N. and Viktorov, S.D., Recent Problems of Rock Mass Fracture, Fizicheskie problemy vzryvnogo razrusheniya massivov gornykh porod (Physical Problems of Rock Fragmentation by Blasting), Moscow: IPKON RAN, 1999, pp. 7–17.
12. Adushkin, V.V., Budkov, A.M., and Kocharyan, G.G., Features of Forming an Explosive Fracture Zone in a Hard Rock Mass, J. Min. Sci., 2007, vo. 43, no. 3, pp. 273–28.
13. Viktorov, S.D. and Galchenko, Yu.P., Theory and Experimentation on Energy Distribution in Rock Mass in Process Blasting, Inzh. Fizika, 2018, no. 7, pp. 43–50.
14. Oparin, V.N., Adushkin, V.V., Yushkin, V.F., and Potapov, V.P., Influence of Natural Climate and Mining-Induced Impact on Mechanical Erosion and Seismic Noise in the Areas of Open Pit Coal Mines in Kuzbass, Mining Informational and Analytical Bulletin MIAB, 2019, no. 9, pp. 72–101.
15. Viktorov, S.D., Kazakov, N.N., Lapikov, I.N., and Shlyapin, A.V., Drilling-and-Blasting Engineering in Open Pit Mines, Vzryvnoe delo, 2014, no. 111/68, pp. 80–91.
16. Galushko, F.I., Komyachin, A.O., and Musatova, I.N., Quality Control in Rock Preparation by Basting Based on Optimized Blasting Patterns, Vzryvnoe delo, 2017, no. 118/75, pp. 140–151.
17. Zharikov, I.F., Regulation of Rock Fragmentation in Blasting by High Benches, Vzryvnoe delo, 2014, no. 111/68, pp. 93–100.
18. Dugartsyrenov, A.V. and Rakhmanov, R.A., Influence of Air Gaps on Blasting Efficiency, Vzryvnoe delo, 2019, no. 122/79, pp. 59–68.
19. Wei-Gang Shen, Tao Zhao, Giovanni Battista Crosta, and Feng Dai, Analysis of Impact-Induced Rock Fragmentation Using a Discrete Element Approach, Int. J. of Rock Mech. and Min. Sci., 2017, vol. 98, pp. 33–38.
20. Xie, L.X., Yang, S.Q., Gu, J.C., Zhang, Q.B., Lu, W.B., Jing, H.W., and Wang, Z.L., JHR Constitutive Model for Rock under Dynamic Loads, Computers and Geotechnics, 2019, vol. 108, pp. 161–172.
21. NET Framework Guide. Available at: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/framework/index.
22. Lars Powers and Mike Snell, Microsoft Visual Studio 2015 Unleashed, 3rd Edition, Indianapolis, Imprint Sams, 2015.
DEVELOPMENT OF. A. NEW MODEL TO PREDICT UNIFORMITY INDEX OF FRAGMENT SIZE DISTRIBUTION BASED ON THE BLASTHOLE PARAMETERS AND BLASTABILITY INDEX
A. Nourian and H. Moomivand
Urmia University, Iran
e-mail: alireza.nourian71@gmail.com
e-mail: h.moomivand@urmia.ac.ir
Uniformity index n represents the range of fragment size distribution and it is applied to evaluate fragment size by Rosin and Rammler cumulative distribution function for a muck pile. The uniformity index n of fragment size distribution has been assessed by digital image analysis technique using Split-Desktop for several blasthole parameters and different zones of in-situ rock mass conditions in five mines having a wide range of blastabilty index (BI). Rosin and Rammler equation has been determined by a new procedure using a software entitled Pixler to delineate images the same as manual method for achieving a proper fragment size distribution by Split-Desktop. The obtained values of n had significant differences with estimated n by the former equations. Relations between n and several blasthole parameters, BI and mean fragment size X50 of the results and their various combinations have been analyzed. Finally, a new empirical model having a good correlation has been developed to predict n value for using 25 ms electric delay detonators.
Uniformity index, fragment size, Rosin and Rammler, blasthole parameters, blastability index
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739120016478
REFERENCES
1. Dhekne, P.Y., Pradhan, M., Jade, R.K., and Mishra, R., Boulder Prediction in Rock Blasting Using Artificial Neural Network, J. Eng. and Appl. Sci., 2017, vol. 12, no. 1 pp. 47–61.
2. Inanloo Arabi Shad, H., Sereshki, F., Ataei, A., and Karamoozian, M., Investigation of Rock Blast Fragmentation Based on Specific Explosive Energy and In-Situ Block Size, J. Min. and Geo-Eng., 2017, vol. 52, no. 1, pp. 1–6.
3. Faramarzi, F., Mansouri, H., and Ebrahimi Farsangi, M.A., A Rock Engineering Systems Based Model to Predict Rock Fragmentation by Blasting, J. Rock Mech. and Min. Sci., 2013, vol. 60, pp. 82–94.
4. Sanchidria?n, J.F. and Ouchterlony, F., A Distribution-Free Description of Fragmentation by Blasting Based on Dimensional Analysis, J. Rock Mech. and Rock Eng., 2017, vol. 50, pp. 781–806.
5. Shi, X., Huang, D., Zhou, J., and Zhang, S., Fragmentation Distribution due to Blasting, J. Inform. and Computational Sci., 2013, vol. 10, no. 11, pp. 3511–3518.
6. Gheibie, S., Aghababaei, H., Hoseinie, S.H., and Pourrahimian, Y., Modified Kuz–Ram Fragmentation Model and Its Use at the Sungun Copper Mine, J. Rock Mech. and Min. Sci., 2009, vol. 46, no. 6, pp. 967–973.
7. Cunningham, C. V. B., The Kuz–Ram Model for Prediction of Fragmentation from Blasting, Holmberg R., Rustan A., Proc. 1st Int. Symp. on Rock Fragmentation by Blasting, Lulea, Sweden, 1983, pp. 439–453.
8. Cunningham, C. V. B., Fragmentation Estimations and the Kuz–Ram Model—Four Years On, Fourney W. L., Dick R. D., Proc. 2nd Int. Symp. on Rock Fragmentation by Blasting, Keystone, CO, Society of Experimental Mechanics, Bethel, 1987, pp. 475–487.
9. Cunningham, C. V. B., The Kuz–Ram Fragmentation Model—20 years On, Proc. of 3rd World Conf. on Explosives and Blasting, Brighton, UK, 2005, pp. 201–210.
10. Kuznetsov, V.M., The Mean Diameter of the Fragments formed by Blasting Rock, J. Sov. Min. Sci., 1973, vol. 9, pp. 144–148.
11. Rosin, P. and Rammler, E., The Laws Governing the Fineness of Powdered Coal, J. Inst. Fuel., 1933, vol. 7, pp. 29–36.
12. Frechet, M., Sur la loi de probabilite de l’ecart maximum, Ann. Soc. Polon. Math., 1927, vol. 93, no. 6.
13. Lilly, P.A., An Empirical Method of Assessing Rock Mass Blastability, Davidson J. R., Proc. of Large Open Pit Mine Conf., Newman, WA, The Australasian Institute of Min. and Metal, Parkville, 1986, pp. 89–92.
14. Singh, S.P. and Narendrul, R., Factors Affecting the Productivity of Loaders in Surface Mines, J. Min., Reclamation and Environment, 2007.
15. Monjezi, M., Rezaei, M., and Yazdian A. Varjani., Prediction of Rock Fragmentation due to Blasting in Gol-E-Gohar Iron Mine Using Fuzzy Logic, J. Rock Mech. and Min. Sci., 2009, vol. 46, no. 8, pp. 1273–1280.
16. Kulatilake, P. H. S.W., Qiong, W., Hudaverd, T., and Kuzu, C., Mean Particle Size Prediction in Rock Blast Fragmentation Using Neural Networks, J. Eng. Geol., 2010, vol. 114, pp. 298–311.
17. Hudaverdi, T., Kulatilake, P., and Kuzu, C., Prediction of Blast Fragmentation Using Multivariate Analysis Procedures, J. Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomech., 2011, vol. 35, pp. 1318–1333.
18. Silva, J.D., Amaya, J.G., and Basso, F., Development of a Predictive Model of Fragmentation Using Drilling and Blasting Data in Open Pit Mining, J. of the Southern African Institute of Min. and Metal., 2017, vol. 117, pp. 1089–1094.
19. Onederra, I. and Riihioja, K., An Alternative Approach to Determine the Uniformity Index of Rosin–Rammler Based on Fragmentation Models, Proc. 8th Int. Symp. on Rock Frag. by Blast, 2006, pp. 193–199.
20. Roy, M.P., Paswan, R.K., Sarim, M., Kumar, S., Jha, R., and Singh, P.K., Rock Fragmentation by Blasting—A Review, J. Mines, Metals and Fuels, 2016, vol. 64, no. 9, pp. 424–431.
21. Split Engineering LLC Team, Manual of Split Desktop Image Analysis Software, Version 3.1. P. O. Box 41766, Tucson, AZ 85717–1766, 2015, www.spliteng.com.
22. Weibull W. A. Statistical Theory of the Strength of Materials, Ingeniorvetenskapsakade Miens Handlingar, 1939, pp. 1–45.
23. Weibull, W., A Statistical Distribution Function of Wide Applicability, J. Appl. Mech., 1951, pp. 293–297.
24. Gustafsson, R., Swedish Blasting Technique, SPI, Gothenburg, Sweden, 1973, pp. 61–62.
25. Ouchterlony, F., Sanchidria?n, J.A., and Moser, P., Percentile Fragment Size Predictions for Blasted Rock and the Fragmentation-Energy Fan, J. Rock Mech. Rock Eng., 2017. DOI: 10.1007/s00603–016–1094-x
26. Sudhakar, J., Adhikari, G.R., and Gupta, R.N., Comparison of Fragmentation Measurements by Photographic and Image Analysis Techniques, J. Rock Mech. and Rock Eng., 2006, vol. 39, no. 2, pp. 159–168.
27. Chung, S.H. and Katsabanis, P.D., Fragmentation Prediction Using Improved Engineering Formula, Int. J. Blast Fragment Fragblast, 2000, vol. 4, pp. 198–207.
28. Maerz, N.H., Palangio, T.C., and Franklin, J.A., WipFrag Image Based Granulometry System, Proc. FRAGBLAST 5, Workshop on Measurement of Blast Fragmentation, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, 1996, pp. 91–99.
29. Lilly, P.A., The use of Blastability Index in the Design of Blasts for Open Pit Mines, Szwedzicki T., Baird G. R., Little T. N., Proc. of Western Australian Conf. on Min. Geomech., Kalgoorlie, West Australia, Western Australia School of Mines, Kalgoorlie, 1992, pp. 421–426.
30. Sereshki, F., Hoseini, S.M., and Ataei, M., Blast Fragmentation Analysis Using Image Processing, J. Min. and Geo-Eng., 2016, vol. 50, no. 2, pp. 211–218.
31. Autodesk, 2017. Available at: http://pixlr.com/blog/123rf-acquires-autodesk-pixlr-to-boost-the-worlds-creative-ecosystem.
SCIENCE OF MINING
PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF. A. DIGITALLY RETROFITTED WARD–LEONARD CONTROL DRAGLINE—A CASE STUDY IN COAL MINE
P. Manikandan and T. Maity
Department of Mining Machinery Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (ISM), Dhanbad, India
e-mail: maninandh@gmail.com
Dragline Section, Western Coalfields Limited, Coal India Limited, India
Some of the coal mines use dragline for the overburden removal of coal top as its geometric, since the initial cost is high with low running cost. Most of the draglines operating in Indian mines have conventional analog control under Ward–Leonard method. To improve the efficiency of those, to reduce the power consumption and to provide maintenance-less operation in the electrical system, the microprocessor-based digital control system is proposed to replace the analog method of control. This paper analyzes and presents a case study of real time performance of one upgraded digitally controlled Ward–Leonard dragline, operating in an Indian mine-field. It shows the improvement in specific energy consumption and suggests maintenance issues based on the comparative study of breakdown status before and after the upgradation.
Dragline, modernization, analog control, microprocessor control, breakdown
DOI: 10.1134/S106273912001648X
REFERENCES
1. Stevens, P.S., Evolution of Ward–Leonard Control For Shovels and Draglines, Transactions of the American Institute of Electrical Eng., 1948, vol. 67(2), pp. 1491–1497.
2. Yeomans, K.A., Ward–Leonard Drives—75 years of Development, Electronics and Power, 1968, April.
3. Krause, P.C., Wasynczuk, O., and Sundhoff, S.D., Direct-Current Machines, Analysis of Electrical Machinery and Drive Systems, 2nd ed, IEEE Press, Hoes Lane, 2002, pp. 67–104.
4. Gabor, A., Biacs and Milan S. Adzic, Modeling of the Thyristor Controlled Rectifiers for Control of Ward–Leonard System, Int. Symp. on Intelligent Systems and Informatics, 2009, pp. 172–175.
5. Koellner, W., A New all AC Gearless Drive System for Large Mining Draglines, IEEE Trans on Industry Automation and Control, 2006, pp. 1310–1314.
6. Vaccaro, F., Janusz, M., and Kuhn, K., Digital control of a Ward–Leonard drive system AFRICON?92, Proc. 3rd AFRICON Conf., 1992.
7. Kulkarni, A., Energy Consumption Analysis for Geared Elevator Modernization: Upgrade from DC Ward–Leonard System to AC Vector Controlled Drive, Industry Appl. Conf., 2005, vol. 4, pp. 2066–2070.
MINERAL MINING TECHNOLOGY
A NEW MODEL BASED ON ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS AND GAME THEORY FOR THE SELECTION OF UNDERGROUND MINING METHOD
M. C. Özyurt and A. Karadogan
Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Department of Mining Engineering, Istanbul, Turkey
e-mail: meric.ozyurt@istanbul.edu.tr
The aim of this study is to investigate the applicability of artificial neural networks (ANN) and game theory in the development of an underground mining method selection model. To realize this, six different ANN models that can evaluate geometric and rock mass properties of an underground mine, environmental factors and ventilation conditions to determine mining methods that satisfy the safety conditions for an underground mine were developed. Among the mining methods determined by ANNs, the optimal mining method was determined by the ultimatum games, in which a compromise between safety and economic conditions was simulated. By using a combination of developed ANN models and ultimatum games, a new model based on artificial neural networks and game theory for the selection of underground mining method was developed. This model can make predictions in the presence of lack of information by following technological developments and new findings obtained in scientific/sectoral studies if learning is continuous. Moreover, the model can evaluate all selection criteria and provide literature-based solutions. In the light of findings obtained within this study, it is revealed that artificial neural networks and game theory can be used in the selection of underground mining methods.
Underground mining, method selection, artificial neural network, game theory
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739120016491
REFERENCES
1. Adeli, H. and Wu, M., Regularization Neural Network for Construction Cost Estimation, J. Construction Eng. and Managem., 1988, vol. 124, no. 1, pp. 18–24.
2. Leu, S., Chen, C., and Chang, S., Data Mining for Tunnel Support Stability: Neural Network Approach, J. Automation in Construction, 2001, vol. 10, no. 4, pp. 429–411.
3. Ambrozic, T. and Turk, G., Prediction of Subsidence due to Underground Mining, J. Computers and Geosciences, 2003, vol. 29, no. 5, pp. 627–637.
4. Lee, S., Park, I., and Choi, J.K., Spatial Prediction of Ground Subsidence Susceptibility Using an Artificial Neural Network, Environ. Manag., 2012, vol. 49, no. 2, pp. 347–358.
5. Hu, D.H., Analysis on Coal Mine Safety Accident Causes and Forewarning Management Research, Beijing: China University of Geosciences, 2010.
6. Liu, Q.L. and Li, X.C., Modeling and Evaluation of the Safety Control Capability of Coal Mine Based on System Safety, J. Cleaner Production, 2014, vol. 84, pp. 797–802.
7. Khandelwal, M. and Singh, T.N., Prediction of Blast Induced Ground Vibrations and Frequency in Opencast Mine: A Neural Network Approach, J. Sound Vib., 2006, vol. 289, no. 4–5, pp. 711–725.
8. Singh, T.N., Dontha, L.K., and Bharadwa,j V., A Study into Blast Vibration and Frequency Using ANFIS and MVRA, Min. Techn. (TIMM A), UK, 2008, vol. 117, no. 3, pp. 116–121.
9. Mohammad, M.T., Artificial Neural Network for Prediction and Control of Blasting Vibration in Assiut (Egypt) Limestone Quarry, J. Rock Mech. and Min. Sci., 2009, vol. 46, pp. 426–431.
10. Cheng, L., Yang, Y., and Xiong, Y., Study of Mine Ventilation System Assessment Based on Artificial Neural Network, China Safety Sci. J., 2005. Issue 5, pp. 88–91.
11. Oztemel, E., Artificial Neural Networks, Papatya, Yayincilik, 2016.
12. Bakhshandeh Amnieh, H., Siamaki, A., and Soltani, S., Design of Blasting Pattern in Proportion to the Peak Particle Velocity (PPV): Artificial Neural Networks Approach, J. Safety Sci., 2012, vol. 50, issue 9, pp. 1913–1916.
13. Wang, W., Gelder, P., and Vrijling, J.K., Comparing Bayesian Regularization and Cross-Validated Early Stopping for Streamflow Forecasting with ANN Models, Proc. of the 2nd Int. Symp. on Methodology in Hydrology, China, IAHS Publ., 2007, vol. 311, pp. 216–221.
14. Kisi, O. and Uncuoglu, E., Comparison of Three Backpropagation Training Algorithms for Two Case Studies, Indian J. Eng. and Mater. Sci., 2005, vol. 12, pp. 434–442.
15. Payal, A., Rai, C.S., and Reddy, B. V. R., Comparative Analysis of Bayesian Regularization and Levenberg–Marquardt Training Algorithm for Localization in Wireless Sensor Network, The 15th Int. Conf. on Advanced Communications Technology—ICACT-2013, 2013, pp. 191–194.
16. Kayri, M., Predictive Abilities of Bayesian Regularization and Levenberg–Marquardt Algorithms in Artificial Neural Networks: A Comparative Empirical Study on Social Data, J. Mathem. and Computat. Appl., 2016, vol. 21, no. 2, pp. 1–11.
17. Baghirli, B. ,Comparison of Lavenberg–Marquardt, Scaled Conjugate Gradient and Bayes Regularization Backpropagation Algorithms for Multistep Ahead Wind Speed Forecasting Using Multilayer Perception Feedforward Neural Network, Thesis, Ippsala University Department of Earth Sci., Campus Gotland, 2015.
18. Yilmaz, E., Game Theory, Literatur Yayinlari, Istanbul, 2016.
19. Ozyurt, M.C., The Investigation of Using Artificial Neural Networks and Game Theory on Underground Mining Method Selection, PHD Thesis, Institute of Sciences, Istanbul University, 2018.
20. Alpay, S. and Yavuz, M., A Decision Support System for Underground Mining Method Selection, New Trends in Applied Artificial Intelligence, 2007, pp. 334–343.
21. Guray, C., Celebi, N., Atalay, V., and Gunhan, A., Ore-Age: A Hybrid System for Assisting and Teaching Mining Method Selection, Middle East Technical University, Turkey, 2003.
22. Azadeh, A., Osanloo, M., and Ataei, M., A New Approach to Mining Method Selection Based on Modifying the Nicholas Technique, J. Appl. Soft Computing, 2010, vol. 10, pp. 1040–1061.
23. Karadogan, A., Kahriman, A., and Ozer, U., Application of Fuzzy Set Theory in the Selection of Underground Mining Method, J. of the South African Institute of Min. and Metal., 2008, vol. 108, no. 2, pp. 73–79.
24. Kose, K. and Tatar, C., Underground Mining Methods, Publications of Dokuz Eylul University Faculty of Eng., Izmir, 2011, no. 014.
25. Miller, L., Pakalnis, R., and Poulin, R., UBC Mining Method Selection, Int. Symp. on Mine Planning and Equipment Selection, Balkema, Rotterdam, 1995, pp. 163–168.
26. Kahriman, A., Selection of Optimal Underground Mining Method for Kayseri Pinarbasi–Pulpinar Chrome Ore, Middle East Technical University, Turkey, 2000.
27. Bitarafan, M. and Ataei, M., Mining Method Selection by Multiple Criteria Decision Making Tool, J. of the South African Institute of Min. and Metal., 2004, pp. 493–498.
28. Gélvez, J. I. R., Aldana, F. A. C., and Sepúlveda, G.F., Mining Method Selection Methodology by Multiple Criteria Decision Analysis—Case Study In Colombian Coal Mining, Int. Symp. of the Analytic Hierarchy Process, Washington D. C., USA, 2014.
29. Samimi Namin, F., Shahriar, K., Bascetin, A., and Ghodsy Poor, S., Practical Applications from Decision-Making Techniques for Selection of Suitable Mining Method in Iran, Gospodarku Surowcami Mineralnymi, 2009, pp. 57–77.
30. Anon, An Underground Iron Mine in Progress in Turkey, 2018.
31. Nicholas, D.E., Method Selection—A Numerical Approach, Design and Operation of Caving and Sublevel Stoping Mines, 1981, pp. 39–51.
FLOODING OF TWO COAL OPEN-PIT MINES IN SERBIA: THE AFTERMATH OF GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE
S. Vujić, M. Radosavljević, and S. Polavder
Belgrade Mining Institute, Belgrade, Serbia
e-mail: slobodan.vujic@ribeograd.ac.rs
In mid-May 2014, flooding caused by unprecedented rainfall wreaked havoc on Serbia. In the night between May 14 and 15, the swollen Kolubara River with its tributaries flooded the Tamnava West Field and Veliki Crljeni coal open-pit mines. The paper describes the course of flood events, the consequences of the outflow of about 214.4 million m3 of water into the depressions of the open-pit mines, and the damage resulting from this devastating accident that hit the Kolubara Mining Basin.
Global climate change, mine flooding, Kolubara Mining Basin, Tamnava West Field, Veliki Crljeni
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739120016503
REFERENCES
1. Analysis of the Hydrological Situation in the Major River Basins in the Territory of the Republic of Serbia for 2014, Republic Hydrometeorological Service of Serbia, Belgrade, 2014.
2. Prohaska, S. and Zlatanović, N., Reconstruction of the Catastrophic May 2014 Flood in the Kolubara River Catchment Area (Serbia), Hrvatske Vode, 2016, 24, pp. 261–274.
3. Report Floods in Serbia in 2014, United Nations, European Union, World Bank, Government of the Republic of Serbia, Belgrade, 2014.
4. Nišavić, A., Zarić, M., Gulan, M., and Dekić, Lj., Meteorological Conditions in May 2014 and Possibility of Forecasting Heavy Precipitation, Republic Hydrometeorological Service of Serbia, Belgrade, 2014.
5. Environmental Impact Assessment Study—Additional Mining Project of Open-Pit Mine Tamnava West Field, Kolubara Mining Basin Branch Project, Lazarevac, 2009.
6. Study of the Improvement of Water Protection in the Kolubara River Catchment Area, Water Management Institute Jaroslav Cherni, Belgrade, 2015.
7. Petrović, B., Vujić, S., Čebašek, V., Gajić, G., and Ignjatović, D., Predictive Analysis of Slope Stability of Internal Dumps in Tamnava–West Field Mine after Flooding, J. Min. Sci., 2016, vol. 52, no. 1, pp. 110–114.
8. Vujić, S., Grubić, A., et al., Serbian Mining and Geology in the Second Half of the 20th Century, Academy of Engineering Sciences of Serbia, Matica Srpska, Mining Institute Belgrade, Belgrade, 2014.
9. Vujić, S. and Vojinović, P., Nature’s Lesson: Flooding of Open Pit Mines of Tamnava in 2014, Bulletin of Mines, Belgrade, 2017, pp. 47–58.
SELECTION OF. A. RESOURCE ESTIMATION METHOD FOR MONYWA. K. AND L COPPER DEPOSITS IN MYANMAR
A. D. Mwangi, Zh. Jianhua, M. M. Innocent, and H. Gang
School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
Mining, Materials and Petroleum Engineering Department, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Nairobi 62000–00200, Kenya
e-mail: huanggang2016@whut.edu.cn
Realization of good returns in the mining venture needs careful planning, scheduling, design and optimization of all mining activities which are dependent upon reliable resource estimates. The mineral resource estimation method employed in a deposit thus plays a major role in reduction of risks associated in mining. In this study, indicator kriging, ordinary kriging and inverse distance weighting methods are compared for Monywa K and L deposits. Correlation coefficients in the regression analysis of downhole composites compared with the ordinary kriging estimates for K and L deposits were 0.982 and 0.985 respectively, thus selecting it as the best estimator for the two deposits.
Indicator kriging, ordinary kriging, inverse distance weighting, resource estimation
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739120016515
REFERENCES
1. Emery, J., Estimation of Mineral Resources Using Grade Domains: Critical Analysis and a Suggested Methodology, J. S. Afr. Inst. Min. Metall., 2005, vol. 105, no. 4, pp. 247–255.
2. Glacken, I., SNowden, D., and Edwards, A., Mineral Resource Estimation, Mineral Resource and Ore Reserve Estimation—The Ausimm Guide to Good Practice, The Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, Melbourne, 2001, vol. 23, no. 1, pp. 189–198.
3. Morley, D., Financial Impact of Resource / Reserve Uncertainty, J. S. Afr. Inst. Min. Metall., 1999, vol. 99, no. 6, pp. 293–301.
4. Kis, I.M., Comparison of Ordinary and Universal Kriging Interpolation Techniques on a Depth Variable (A Case of Linear Spatial Trend), Case Study of the Sandrovac Field, Rudarsko-Geolosko-Naftni Zbornik, 2016, vol. 31, no. 2, pp. 41–58.
5. Wackernagel, H., Multivariate Geostatistics, Springer, 2003, pp. 79–88.
6. Ozturk, D. and Kilic, F., Geostatistical Approach for Spatial Interpolation of Meteorological Data, An. Acad. Bras. Cienc., 2016, vol. 88, no. 4, pp. 2121–2136.
7. Al-Hassan, S. and Boamah, E., Comparison of Ordinary Kriging and Multiple Indicator Kriging Estimates of Asuadai Deposit at Adansi Gold Ghana Limited, Ghana Min. J., 2015, vol. 15, no. 2, pp. 42–49.
8. Sinclair, A.J. and Blackwel,l G.H., Applied Mineral Inventory Estimation, Cambridge University Press, 2002.
9. Lin, Y.-P., Chang, T.-K., Shih, C.-W., and Tseng, C.-H., Factorial and Indicator Kriging Methods Using a Geographic Information System to Delineate Spatial Variation and Pollution Sources of Soil Heavy Metals, Environ. Geol., 2002, vol. 42, no. 8, pp. 900–909.
10. Rahimi, H., Asghari, O., Hajizadeh, F., and Meysami, F., Assessment the Number of Thresholds on Tonnage–Grade Curve in IK Estimation. Case Study: Qolqoleh Gold Deposit (NW of Iran), 4th Int. Mine & Mining Industries Congr. & Expo, 2016.
11. Mei, G., Xu, L., and Xu, N., Accelerating Adaptive Inverse Distance Weighting Interpolation Algorithm on a Graphics Processing Unit, R. Soc. Open Sci., 2017, vol. 4, no. 9, pp. 1–19.
12. Li, L., Losser, T., Yorke, C., and Piltner, R., Fast Inverse Distance Weighting-Based Spatiotemporal Interpolation: A Web-Based Application of Interpolating Daily Fine Particulate Matter PM2. 5 in the Contiguous US Using Parallel Programming and KD Tree, Int. J. Env. Res. Public Health, 2014, vol. 11, no. 9, pp. 9101–9141.
13. Bronshtein, I.N., Handbook of Mathematics, Springer, 2004.
14. Samal, A.R., Sengupta, R.R., and Fifarek, R.H., Modeling Spatial Anisotropy of Gold Concentration Data Using GIS-Based Interpolated Maps and Variogram Analysis: Implications for Structural Control of Mineralization, J. Earth Syst. Sci., 2011, vol. 120, no. 4, pp. 583–593.
15. Rossi, M.E. and Deutsch, C.V., Mineral Resource Estimation, Springer Netherlands, 2013.
16. Glacken, I. and Blackney, P., A Practitioners Implementation Of Indicator Kriging, Beyond Ordinary Kriging, 1998.
17. Silva, F. and Soares, A., Grade–Tonnage Curve: How Far Can It Be Relied Upon, Annual Conf. of the Int. Association for Math. Geology, Cancun, 2001, pp. 1–11.
MINERAL DRESSING
SELECTIVE ATTACHMENT OF LUMINOPHORE-BEARING EMULSION AT DIAMONDS—MECHANISM ANALYSIS AND MODE SELECTION
V. A. Chanturia, G. P. Dvoichenkova, V. V. Morozov, O. E. Koval’chuk, Yu. A. Podkamennyi, and V. N. Yakovlev
Academician Melnikov Institute of Comprehensive Exploitation of Mineral Resources, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 111020 Russia
e-mail: dvoigp@mail.ru
Mirny Polytechnical Institute, Division of the Ammosov Northeastern Federal University, Mirny, 678174 Russia
National University for Science and Technology—MISIS, Moscow, 117049 Russia
Research and Geology Service, ALROSA, Mirny, 678170 Russia
Yakutniproalmaz Institute, ALROSA, Mirny, 678174 Russia
The authors present an efficient modification method of X-ray fluorescence separation with mineral and organic luminophores used to adjust spectral and kinetic characteristics of anomalously luminescent diamonds. The mechanism of attachment of luminophores at diamonds and hydrophobic minerals is proved, including interaction between the organic component of emulsions and the hydrophobic surface of a treated object and the concentration of insoluble luminophore grains at the organic and water interface. Selective attachment of the luminophore-bearing organic phase of emulsion at the diamond surface is achieved owing to phosphatic dispersing agents. Tri-sodium phosphate and sodium hexametaphosphate added to emulsion reduce attachment of the luminophore-bearing organic phase at the surface of kimberlite minerals. It is shown that phosphate concentration of 1.0–1.5 g/l modifies and stabilizes spectral and kinematic parameters of kimberlite mineral on the level of initial values. This mode maintains the spectral and kinematic characteristics of anomalously luminescent diamonds at the wanted level to ensure extraction of diamonds to concentrate.
Diamond, minerals, kimberlite, emulsion, luminophore, extraction, luminescence, separation, spectral and kinematic characteristics
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739120016527
REFERENCES
1. Monastyrskii, V.F., Makalin, I.A., Novikov, V.V., Plotnikova, S.P., and Nikiforova, T.M., Enhanced Efficiency of X-ray Fluorescent Separation of Diamond-Bearing Raw Material, Nauka Obrazov., 2017, no. 3, pp. 86–90.
2. Makalin, I.A., Distribution Laws of X-Ray Luminescence Characteristics of Diamond-Bearing Raw Material, Synopsis of Candidate of Engineering Sciences Thesis, Yekaterinburg, 2013.
3. Martynovich, E.F. and Mirobov, V.P., X-Ray Luminescence of Diamonds and Applications in the Diamond Industry in Russia, Izv. vuzov, 2009.
4. Chanturia, V.A., Dvoichenkova, G.P., Morozov, V.V., Koval’chuk, O.E., Podkamennyi, O.E., and Yakovlev, V.N., Experimental Justification of Luminophore Composition for Identification of Diamonds in X-Ray Luminescence Separation of Kimberlite Ore, J. Min. Sci., 2018, vol. 54, no. 3, pp. 458–465.
5. Chanturia, V.A., Dvoichenkova, G.P., Morozov, V.V., Yakovlev, V.N., Koval’chuk, O.E., and Podkamennyi, O.E., Experimental Substantiation of Luminophore-Containing Compositions for Extraction of Nonluminescent Diamonds, J. Min. Sci., 2019, vol. 55, no. 1, pp. 116–123.
6. Smirnova, T.D., Metody lyuminestsentnogo analiza: metod. ukazaniya (Luminescent Analysis Methods: Instructional Guidance), Saratov: SGU, 2012.
7. Menshikova, A.Yu., Pankova, G.A., Evseeva, T.G., Shabsels, B.M., and Shevchenko, N. N. Luminophore-Containing Polymer Particles: Synthesis and Optical Properties of Thin Films on Their Basis, Nanotechnologies in Russia, 2012, vol. 7, issue 3–4, pp. 188–195.
8. Pron, A., Gawrys, P., Zagorska, M., Djurado, D., and Demadrille, R., Electroactive Materials for Organic Electronics: Preparation Strategies, Structural Aspects And Characterization Techniques, Chem. Soc. Rev., 2010, vol. 39, no. 7, pp. 2577–2632.
9. Koval’chuk, O.E., Dvoichenkova, G.P., and Yakovlev, V.N., Extraction of Subnormally Luminescent Diamonds through Modification of Their Surface Properties, Problems and Prospects of Efficient Mineral processing in the 21st Century: Plaksin’s Lectures 2019, Irkutsk, 2019, pp. 253–255.
10. Vladimirov, E.N., Kazakov, L.V., and Kolosova, N.P., Improvement of Diamond Separator Performance through Digital Processing of Signals, Sovr. Elektronika, 2008, no. 2, pp. 64–69.
11. https://micromed.nt-rt.ru/images/manuals/3%20LYuM.pdf
12. http://ovespb.ru/catalog/item/Separator-POLYuS-M/
13. Chanturiya, V.À., Dvoychenkova, G.P., and Kovalchuk, Î.Ye., Mechanism of Fine Dispersed Mineral Formation on the Surface Of Diamonds and Their Removal by Water System Electrolysis Products, IMPC 2016: 28th Int. Mineral Processing Congress Proceedings, ISBN: 978–1-926872–29–2.
14. Makhrachev, A.F., Dvoichenkova, G.P., and Lezova, S.P., Analysis and Optimization of Compositions of Compound Collectors for Frother Separation of Diamonds, Mining Informational and Analytical Bulletin, 2018, no.11, pp. 178–185.
15. Kuvykin, V.I. and Kuvykina, E.V., Viscosity of a Mix of Hydrocarbons, Estestv. Matem. Nauki v Sovr. Mire, 2016, no. 1(36), pp. 46–51.
16. Verkhoturov, M.V., Amelin, S.A., and Konnova, N.I., Processing of Diamonds, Mezhd. Zh. Eksperiment. Obrazov., 2012, no. 2, pp. 61.
17. Zhang, J., Kouznetsov, D., and Yub, M., Improving the Separation of Diamond from Gangue Minerals, Min. Eng., 2012, vol. 36–38, pp. 168–171.
18 Pestriak, I., Morozov, V., and Erdenetuya, O., Modeling and Development of Recycled Water Conditioning of Copper–Molybdenum Ores Processing, Int. J. of Min. Sci. and Technology, 2019, vol. 29, pp. 313–317.
19. Bragina, V.I. and Bragin, V.I., Tekhnologiya obogashcheniya poleznykh iskopaemykh (Mineral Processing Technology), Krasnoyarsk: SFU, 2011.
20. Vladimirov, E.N., Kazakov, L.V., Pakhomov, M.O., Raizman, V.Sh., and Shlyufman, E.M., RF patent no. 2271254, Byull. Izobret., 2006, no. 7.
FLOTATION ACTIVITY OF XANTHOGENATES
I. A. Konovalov and S. A. Kondrat’ev
Chinakal Institute of Mining, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630091 Russia
e-mail: kondr@misd.ru
The authors prove connection between the surface activity relative to gas–liquid interface and collecting ability in flotation for derivatives of xanthogenates (xanthogenates of heavy metals). It is shown that at nonstoichiometric ratio of xanthogenate and metallic salt concentrations, colloid particles are formed in solution. The influence of deviation from the nonstoichiometric ratio of xanthogenate and metallic salt concentration on the spreading velocity of the colloid system over water surface and on the collecting activity of the system is studied. It is found that the spreading velocity of derivatives of xanthogenates over water surface and their collecting activity depends on the duration of aging of the colloid system.
Flotation, metal xanthogenate, colloids, surface activity, collecting activity
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739120016539
REFERENCES
1. Leja, J., Surface Chemistry of Froth Flotation, Plenum press, 1st edition, New York and London, 1982.
2. Kondrat’ev, S.A. and Gavrilova, Ò.G., Physical Adsorption Mechanism in Terms of Sulphide Mineral Activation by Heavy Metal Ions, J. Min. Sci., 2018, vol. 54, no. 3, pp. 466–478.
3. Gardner, J.R. and Woods, R., The Use of a Particulate Bed Electrode for the Electrochemical Investigation of Metal and Sulphide Flotation, Aust. J. Chem., 1973, vol. 2, pp. 1635–1644.
4. Nowak, P., Xanthate Adsorption at PbS Surfaces: Molecular Model and Thermodynamic Description, Colloids and Surfaces, Physicochem. Eng. Aspects, 1993, vol. 76, pp. 65–72.
5. Hassialis, M.D. and Myers, C.G., Collecting agent Mobility and Bubble Contact, J. Min. Eng., 1951, vol. 3, pp. 961–968.
6. Laskowski, J.S., Thermodynamic and Kinetic Flotation Criteria, Miner. Proc. and Extractive Metallurgy Rev. DOI: 10.1080/08827508908952643.
7. Quast, K., Flotation of Hematite Using C6–C18 Saturated Fatty Acids, J. Min. Eng., 2006, no. 19, pp. 582–597.
8. Bleier, A., Goddard, E.D., and Kulkarni, R. D. Adsorption and Critical Flotation Conditions, J. of Colloid and Interface Sci., 1977, vol. 59, pp. 490–504.
9. Huang, Z., Zhong, H., Wang, S., Xia, L., Zou, W., and Liu, G., Investigations on Reverse Cationic Flotation of Iron Ore by Using a Gemini Surfactant: Ethane-1,2-bis (Dimethyl-Dodecyl-Ammonium Bromide), Chem. Eng. J., 2014, vol. 257, pp. 218–228.
10. Zhivankov, G.V. and Ryaboi, V.I., Collecting Properties and Surface Activity of Higher Aerofloats, Obogashch. Rud, 1985, no. 3, pp. 13–16.
11. Kondrat’ev, S.A., Moshkin, N.P., and Konovalov, I.À., Collecting Ability of Easily Desorbed Xanthates, J. Min. Sci., 2015, vol. 51, no. 4, pp. 165–173.
12. Mikhlin, Yu.L., Vorob’ev, S.À., Romanchenko, À.S., Karacharov, À.À., Karasev, S.V., Kuz’min, V.I., Kuz’min, D.V., Gudkova, N.V., Zhizhaev, À.Ì., and Saikova, S.V., Ul’tradispersnye chastitsy v pererabotke rud tsvetnykh i redkikh metallov Krasnoyarskogo kraya (Ultrafine Particles in the Processing of Nonferrous and Rare Metal Ores of the Krasnoyarsk Territory), Krasnoyarsk: IKhKhT SO RAN, 2016.
13. Bogdanov, Î.S., Podnek, À.Ê., Khainman, V.Ya., and Yanis, N.À., Problems of Theory and Technology of Flotation, Trudy Mekhanobr, 1959, iss. 124, p. 392.
14. Kondrat’ev, S.A. and Burdakova, E.A., Physical Adsorption Validity in Flotation, J. Min. Sci., 2018, vol. 53, no. 4, pp. 734–742.
15. Kurkov, À.V.and Pastukhova, I.V., Flotation as the Subject-Matter of Supramolecular Chemistry, J. Min. Sci., 2010, vol. 46, no. 4, pp. 438–445.
16. Mikhlin, Yu.L. (Ed.), Ul’tradispersnye chastitsy v pererabotke rud tsvetnykh i redkikh metallov Krasnoyarskogo kraya: monografiya (Ultrafine Particles in the Processing of Nonferrous and Rare Metal Ores of the Krasnoyarsk Territory: Thesis by Publication), Krasnoyarsk: SFU, 2016.
17. Klassen, V.I. and Tikhonov, S.À., The Effect of Sodium Oleate on the Flotation Properties of the Surface of Air Bubbles, Tsvet. Metally, 1960, no. 10, pp. 4–8.
18. Wark, E. and Wark, I., Influence of Micelle Formation on Flotation, Nature, 1939, vol. 143, p. 856.
19. Kondrat’ev, S.A., Reagenty-sobirateli v elementarnom akte flotatsii (Collecting Agents in an Elementary Flotation Act), Novosibirsk: Nauka, 2012.
.
ELECTRODYNAMIC SEPARATION OF FINE PARTICLES IN THE PULSED TRAVELING MAGNETIC FIELD
B. I. Dyadin
Research and Geotechnology Center, Far East Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, 683002 Russia
e-mail: nigtc@nigtc.ru
The experimental results on operation of electrodynamic separator with pulsed traveling magnetic field in treatment of sand mixtures with metal particles –0.25 mm.
Electromagnetic induction, traveling magnetic field, mass flow, skin layer, high-gradient field, impulse voltage generator, polyimide tape
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739120016540
REFERENCES
1. Dyadin, V.I., Kozhevnikov, V.Yu., Kozyrev, À.V., Podkovyrov, V.G., and Sochugov, N.S., Impulse Electrodynamic Separation of Small Conducting Particles, J. Min. Sci., 2008, vol. 44, no. 3, pp. 320–326.
2. Myazin, V.P., Dyadin, V.I., and Latkin, À.S., Electrodynamic Separator for Recovering Fine Gold from Metal-Bearing Sands, Vestn. ChitGU, 2009, no. 55 (56), pp. 45–51.
3. Dyadin, V.I., RF patent no. 2 452 582 C1 Â03C 1/02, Byull. Izobret., 2012, no. 16.
4. Dyadin, V.I., Kozyrev, À. V., Latkin, À.S., Podkovyrov, V.G., and Sochugov, N.S, Separation of Mineral Mixtures in Pulsed Traveling Magnetic Field, Obogashch. Rud, 2008, no. 5, pp. 39–41.
5. Polyimide Tapes PÌ-1 with Thickness from 12 µm Estrokom. Available at: ñ www.izoteksltd.ru/…/ poliimidnaja-plenka.htm (reference date 17.04.2010).
6. Karasik, V.R., Fizika i tekhnika sil’nykh magnitnykh poley (Physics and Technique of Powerful Magnetic Fields), Moscow: Nauka, 1964.
7. Tikhonov, Î.N., Zakonomernosti effektivnogo razdeleniya mineralov v protsessakh obogasheniya poleznykh iskopaemykh (Regularities of Effective Mineral Separation in Mineral Dressing), Moscow: Nedra, 1984.
8. Nanostructural Electrotechnical Wires with Anomalously High Strength and Electrical Conductivity. Available at: file://localhost (reference date 27.04.2010).
9. Konyaev, À.Yu. and Nazarov, S.L., Design of Electrodynamic Separator for Processing Scrap and Nonferrous Metal Waste, Prom. Energetika, 2001, no. 6, pp. 34–39.
10. Bagin, D.N. and Konyaev, À.Yu., Efficiency Indices of Electrodynamic Separators based on Linear Inductors, Prom. Energetika, 2015, no. 4, pp. 20–24.
11. Konyaev, À.Yu., Konyaev, I.À., and Nazarov, S.L., Improving the Energy Efficiency of Electrodynamic Separators at the Design Stage, Prom. Energetika, 2014, no. 4, pp. 22–26.
CHALCOPYRITE FLOATABILITY IN FLOTATION PLANT OF THE RUDNIK MINE
P. Lazic, D. Niksic, R. Tomanec, D. Vucinic, and L. Cveticanin
University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
e-mail: predrag.lazic@rgf.bg.ac.rs
Part of large-scale industrial test results of milling fineness influence on lead, copper and zinc minerals flotation results in the Rudnik flotation plant are shown in this paper. Based on industrial research it has been concluded that one-stage milling and two-stage classification of complex Pb–Zn–Cu ore leads to so-called “differential milling”. Namely, galena has much faster comminution than other minerals present in ore due to galena softness. This occurrence leads to galena converting into small particles size fractions which have low flotation rate and, at the same time, copper and zinc minerals stay “unliberated” in coarse particle size fractions (minerals are not free of mutual bonds). In this paper, recorded copper minerals flotation products results are shown, including lead underflow (copper flotation input), copper concentrate and copper underflow, in function of particle size; particle size distribution, minerals and metals distribution in function of particle size were determined; obtained research results confirmed “differential milling” assumption, as well as severe floatability difference between chalcopyrite of a different particle size.
Chalcopyrite floatability, differential milling, flotation, mine
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739120016552
REFERENCES
1. Wills, B., Comminution in the Minerals Industry—An Overview, J. Min. Eng., 1990, vol. 3, pp. 3–5.
2. King, R., Comminution and Liberation of Minerals, Min. Eng., 1994, vol. 7, pp. 129–140.
3. Fandrich, G., Bearman, A., Boland, J., and Lim, W., Mineral Liberation by Particle Bed Breakage, J. Min. Eng., 1997, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 175–187.
4. Vizcarra, G., Wightman, M., Johnson, W., and Manlapig, V., The Effect of Breakage Mechanism on the Mineral Liberation Properties of Sulphide Ores, J. Min. Eng., 2010, vol. 23, no. 5, pp. 374–382.
5. Little, L., Mainza, N., Becker, M., and Wiese, G., Using Mineralogical and Particle Shape Analysis to Investigate Enhanced Mineral Liberation through Phase Boundary Fracture, Powder Technology, 2016, no. 301, pp. 794–804.
6. Venkataraman, S. and Fuerstenau, F., Kinetic and Energy Considerations in Mixture Grinding, Proc. Int. Symp. on Powder Technology, 1981, pp. 380–387.
7. McIvor, E. and Finch, A., A Guide to Interfacing of Plant Grinding and Flotation Operations, J. Min. Eng., 1991, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 9–23.
8. Yusupov, T., Kirillova, E. and Shumskaya, L., Mineral Hardness Effect on the Combined Mineral Grinding, J. of Min. Sci., 2007, vol. 43, no. 4, pp. 450–454.
9. Fuerstenau, W., Phatak, B., Kapur, C., and Abouzeid, M., Simulation of the Grinding of Coarse/Fine (Heterogeneous) Systems in a Ball Mill, J. Min. Proc., 2011, vol. 99, no. 1–4, pp. 32–38.
10. Wentao, Z., Yuexin, H., Yanjun, L., Jinlin, Y., Shaojian, M., and Yongsheng, S., Research on Prediction Model of Ore Grinding Particle Size Distribution, J. of Dispersion Sci. and Techn., 2019, pp. 1–10. DOI: 10.1080/01932691.2019.1592688
11. Lazic, P. and Tomanec, R., Possibilities of Improving the Quality of Lead, Copper and Zinc Concentrates with Special Reference to the Possibility of Reducing Penalizing Elements in Copper Concentrate, Belgrade: Faculty of Min. and Geology (Study-Serbian language), 2004, pp. 1–24.
12. Lazic, P. and Calic, N., Optimization of the Flotation Process of Pb–Cu–Zn Ore from Rudnik Mine, Project ETR.6.01.0034B-Serbian language, Belgrade, 2004, pp. 1–44.
13. Lazic, P. and Kostovic, M., Energy Efficiency Rising of Flotation Plant of Rudnik Mine, Belgrade: Faculty of Min. and Geology, (Project EE232026-Serbian language), 2007, pp. 40–45.
14. Lazic, P., Processing of Lead and Zinc Ore, Monograph: Serbian Mining and Geology in the Second Half of the 20th Century, Vujic S. (Ed.), Academy of Engineering Sciences of Serbia, Matica Srpska, Min. Institute Belgrade, 2014, pp. 479–495.
15. Tomanec, R., Ore Microscopic Examination of Raw Material Samples from Exploration Wells at the Rudnik Mine, Rudnik, FSD of Rudnik Mine, 2011, pp. 1–15.
16. Tomanec, R., Lazic, P., Gacina, R., and Bajic, S., Ore Microscopy Analysis Methods in Mineral Concentration Processis, Proc. of the 5th Jubilee Balkanmine Congress and Comercial Exhibition, Ohrid, Macedonia, 2013, pp. 779–785.
OCCURRENCE AND MOBILITY OF GOLD IN OLD MILLTAILINGS
R. V. Borisov, V. I. Bragin, N. F. Usmanova, and A. A. Plotnikova
Siberian Federal University, Krasnoyarsk, 660041 Russia
e-mail: vic.bragin@gmail.com
Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences—Detached Division of the Federal Research Center, Krasnoyarsk Science Center, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Krasnoyarsk, 660036 Russia
e-mail: roma_boris@list.ru
The particle size distribution and the material constitution of samples taken from old milltailings of sulfide and oxidized ore are studied. It is shown that more than 50% of gold occurs in fine size grade of – 0.044 mm. The method of gas adsorption reveals large specific area in the samples, which is important for re-entrainment and migration of gold and associate components. It is found that gold correlates with iron-bearing species, which is useful for the magnetic separation of gold. The differential scanning calorimetry shows that the samples of the milltailings lack significant quantity of carbon black capable to adsorb gold. It is found that it is possible to generate insoluble residuum of iron cyanoferrates in the tailings, and microne size particles of mobile gold will self-settle on them.
Gold-bearing milltailings, material constitution, mobile gold, geochemical analysis, magnetic separation
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739120016564
REFERENCES
1. Chanturia, V.À., Kozlov, À.P., Matveeva, Ò.N., and Lavrinenko, À.À., Innovative Technologies and Extraction of Commercial Components from Unconventional and Difficult-to-Process Minerals and Mining-and-Processing Waste, J. Min. Sci., 2012, vol. 48, no. 5, pp. 904–913.
2. Komogortsev, B.V., Varenichev, À.À., and Potapov, I.I., Resource-Saving Technologies and Methods for Gold Mineral Resources Base of Russia, Ekonom. Prirodop., 2015, no. 3, pp. 89–112.
3. Shadrunova, I.V., Gorlova, Î.Å., and Provalov, S.À., Adaptive Methods for Complete Recovery of Gold from Tailing Ponds of Gold Mills, GIAB, 2011, no. 9, pp. 21–27.
4. Gurin, Ê.Ê., Bashlykova, Ò.V., Anan’ev, P.P., Boboev, I.R., and Gorbunov, E.P., Gold Recovery from Milltailings of Mixed Rebellious Ores, Tsvet. Metally, 2013, no. 5, pp. 41–45.
5. Algebraistova, N.Ê., Makshanin, À.V., Burdakova, Å.À., and Markova, À.S., Gold Recovery from Milltailings Using Agglomeration Flocculation, GIAB, 2013, no. 12, pp. 56–61.
6. Bragina, V.I. and Konnova, N.I., Extaction of Valuable Minerals from Concentration Tailings, GIAB, 2011, no. 12, pp. 165–167.
7. Kondrat’ev, S.A. and Burdakova, Å.À., Physical Adsorption Validity in Flotation, J. Min. Sci., 2017, vol. 53, no. 4, pp. 734–742.
8. Bragin, V.I., Burdakova, Å.À., Kondrat’eva, A.A., Plotnikova, A.A., and Baksheeva, I.I., Dressability of Old Gold-Bearing Tailings by Flotation, J. Min. Sci., 2018, vol. 54, no. 4, pp. 663–670.
9. Koizhanova, À.Ê., Arystanova, G.À., Sedel’nikova, G.V., and Esimova, D.Ì., Study of Biohydrometallurgical Technology of Gold Recovery from Sorption Milltailings, Tsvet. Metally, 2016, no. 9, pp. 52–57.
10. Meretukov, Ì.À. and Gurin, Ê.Ê., Gold Behavior in Tailing Dumps, Tsvet. Metally, 2011, no. 7, pp. 27–31.
11. Hough, R.M., Noble, R. R. P., and Reich, M., Natural Gold Nanoparticles, Ore Geol. Rev., 2011, vol. 42, no. 1, pp. 55–61.
12. Mikhailov, A.G., Kharitonova, Ì.Yu., Vashlaev, I.I., and Sviridova, M.L., Mobility of Water-Soluble Nonferrous and Precious Metals in Aged Mineral Processing Waste, J. Min. Sci., 2013, vol. 49, no. 3, pp. 514–520.
13. Myagkaya, I.N., Lazareva, E.V., Gustaytis, M.A., and Zhmodik, S.M., Gold and Silver in a System of Sulfide Tailings. Part 1: Migration in Water Flow, J. Geochem. Explor., 2016, vol. 160, pp. 16–30.
14. Daniel, M.C. and Astruc, D., Gold Nanoparticles: Assembly, Supramolecular Chemistry, Quantum-Size-Related Properties and Applications toward Biology, Catalysis, and Nanotechnology, Chem. Rev., 2004, vol. 104, no. 1, pp. 293–346.
15. Greffie, C., Benedetti, M.F., Parron, C., and Amouric, M., Gold and Iron Oxide Associations under Supergene Conditions: An Experimental Approach, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 1996, vol. 60, no. 9, pp. 1531–1542.
16. Shuster, J., Reith, F., Cornelis, G., Parsons, J.E., Parsons, J.M., and Southam, G., Secondary Gold Structures: Relics of Past Biogeochemical Transformations and Implications for Colloidal Gold Dispersion in Subtropical Environments, Chem. Geol., 2017, vol. 450, pp. 154–164.
17. Piatak, N.M., Parsons, M.B., and Seal II, R.R., Characteristics and Environmental Aspects of Slag: Review, Appl. Geochem., 2015, vol. 57, pp. 236–266.
18. Berrodier, I., Farges, F., Benedetti, M., Winterer, M., Brown Jr, G.E., and Deveughele, M., Adsorption Mechanisms of Trivalent Gold on Iron-and Aluminum-(oxy) Hydroxides. Part 1: X-ray Absorption and Raman Scattering Spectroscopic Studies of Au (III) Adsorbed on Ferrihydrite, Goethite, and Boehmite, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 2004, vol. 68, pp. 3019–3042.
19. Nikol’sky, B.P. et al. (eds.), Spravochnik khimika. Tom 1 (Chemist’s Manual. Volume I), Moscow; Leningrad: Khimiya, 1966.
MICROWAVE TREATMENT TO REDUCE REFRACTORINESS OF CARBONIC CONCENTRATES
T. N. Aleksandrova, A. V. Afanasova, and A. V. Aleksandrova
Saint-Petersburg Mining University, Saint-Petersburg, 199106 Russia
e-mail: alexandrovat10@gmail.com
Saint-Petersburg State University for Industrial Engineering and Design, Saint-Petersburg, 191186 Russia
Institute of Mining, Far East Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Khabarovsk, 680000 Russia
The article presents studies into the microwave treatment effect on higher recovery of noble metals from rebellious carbonic ore. The rate of refractoriness of carbonic concentrates was determined using a package of thermal testing techniques. Bitumen is an additional criterion of the refractoriness rate of mineral dressing products. The influence of treatment time on heating of a sample is studied at different microwave capacities. The process of heating of dry concentrates in electrolytic solution is analyzed. The applicability of microwave treatment of flotation concentrates toward higher recovery of gold from rebellious carbonic ore is proved.
Rebellious ore, noble metals, microwave treatment, bitumen, kerogen
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739120016576
REFERENCES
1. Golikova, Ò.À., Proryvnye tekhnologii sovremennosti. Rol’ i mesto informatsionnykh tekhnologii v sovremennoi nauke (Innovative Technologies of Present Day. IT Role and Place in Modern Science), Samara, 2019.
2. Arsent’ev, V.À., Gerasimov, À.Ì., and Kotova, E.L., Thermochemical Modification of Sylvinite Ore Using the UHF Heating, Obogashch. Rud, 2017, no. 6, p. 3.
3. Rostovtsev, V.I., Technological and Economic Effect of Nonmechanical Energy Use in Rebellious Mineral Processing, J. Min. Sci., 2013, vol. 49, no. 4, pp. 647–654.
4. Chanturia, V.À., Bunin, I.Zh., and Lunin, V.D., The Use of High-Voltage Pulse Technology and Nanosecond Electronics in the Processing of Noble Metal Raw Materials, Marksheid. Nedr., 2005, no. 5, pp. 32–43.
5. Bogachev, V.I. and Ryazantseva, M.V., Influence of Nanosecond Electromagnetic Pulses on Electrophysical Properties of Pyrite and Arsenopyrite, J. Min. Sci., 2009, vol. 45, no. 5, pp. 499–505.
6. Gazaleeva, G.I., Nazarenko, L.N., and Shigaeva, V.N., Development of Process Flow Diagram for Enrichment of Rough Concentrate Containing Fine Slimes of Tin and Copper Minerals, Obogashch. Rud, 2018, no. 6, pp. 20–26.
7. Kondrat’ev S.À., Rostovtsev, V.I., Bochkarev, G.R., Pushkareva, G.I., and Kovalenko, Ê.À., Justification and Development of Innovative Technologies for Integrated Processing of Complex Ore and Mine Waste, J. Min. Sci., 2014, vol. 50, no. 5, pp. 959–973.
8. Romashev, A.O., Use of Additive Technologies to Optimize Design of Classifying Devices, IOP Conference Series: Materials Sci. and Eng. IOP Publishing, 2019, vol. 665, no. 1, pp. 1–12. DOI:10.1088/1757–899X/665/1/012009
9. Lvov, V., Sishchuk, J., and Chitalov, L., Intensification of Bond Ball Mill Work Index Test through Various Methods, Proc. of the 17th Int. Multidisciplinary Scientific Geoconference and Expo SGEM, 2017, vol. 17, no. 11, pp. 857–864. DOI: 10.5593/sgem2017/11/S04.109
10. Romashev, A.O. and Aleksandrova, T.N., For the Issue of Statistical Verification of Data for Beneficiation of Ores with Various Geneses, ARPN J. of Eng. and Applied Scie, vol. 19, pp. 5613–5619.
11. Wang, Y., Forssberg, E., and Svensson, M., Microwave Assisted Comminution and Liberation of Minerals, Min. Proc. on the Verge of the 21st Century, Routledge, 2017.
12. Bobicki, E., Liu, Q., and Xu, Z., Microwave Treatment of Ultramafic Nickel Ores: Heating Behavior, Mineralogy and Comminution Effects, Min., 2018, vol. 8, no. 11, p. 524.
13. Peng, Z. and Hwang, J.Y., Microwave-Assisted Metallurgy, Int. Materials Rev., 2015, vol. 60, no. 1, pp. 30–63.
14. Altiner, M., Upgrading of Iron Ores Using Microwave Assisted Magnetic Separation Followed by Dephosphorization Leaching, Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly, 2019, vol. 58, no. 4, pp. 445–455.
15. Rayapudi, V. and Dhawan, N., Microwave Processing of Banded Magnetite Quartzite Ore for Iron Recovery, Transactions of the Indian Institute of Metals, 2019, vol. 72, no. 7, pp. 1697–1705.
16. Gyul’maliev, E.À., Tretyakov, V.F., Talyshinsky, R.M., Borisov, V.P., and Movsumzade, E.Ì., Chemical Aspects of UHF Technology Development. II. Applying Microwave Irradiation in Chemistry, Istor.Pedagog. Estestvozn., 2016, no. 3, pp. 33–38.
17. Aleksandrova, Ò.N., Heide, G., and Afanasova, À.V., Refractoriness Assessment of Gold-Bearing Ores Based on Interpretation of Thermal Analysis Data, Zap. Gorn. Inst., 2019, vol. 235, pp. 30–37.
REMOVAL OF COPPER FROM UNDERSPOIL WATER OF MINES BY CEMENTATION
A. M. Klyushnikov
Research and Design Institute of Mineral Processing and Physical Treatment Uralmekhanobr, Yekaterinburg, 620144 Russia
e-mail: klyushnikov_am@umbr.ru
The author studied the process of copper removal from underspoil water at Blyavinskoe and Safyanovskoe copper ore deposits by cementation by iron. The influence of pH, consumption of cementation agent impurity ions Fe3+, Al3+ and Ca2+, as well as timing on the cementation performance was analyzed. The mechanism of the process was determined, and by-reactions resulting in over-consumption of cementation agent were revealed. The studies of the material constitution of cemented copper showed that the concentrate quality worsened because of the joint settling of basic aluminum and calcium sulfates. The obtained results make it possible to draw the conclusion on applicability of cementation for removal of copper from underspoil water.
Underspoil water, copper, cementation, iron, settling
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739120016588
REFERENCES
1. Masloboev, V.À., Seleznev, S.G., Makarov, D.V., and Svetlov, A.V., Assessment of Eco-Hazard of Copper-Nickel Ore Mining and Processing Waste, J. Min. Sci., 2014, vol. 50, no. 3, pp. 559–572.
2. Mikhailov, A.G., Kharitonova, Ì.Yu., Vashlaev, I.I., and Sviridova, Ì.L., Mobility of Water-Soluble Nonferrous and Precious Metals in Aged Mineral Processing Waste, J. Min. Sci., 2013, vol. 49, no. 3, pp. 514– 520.
3. Vigdergauz, V.Å., Shrader, E.À., Kuznetsova, I.N., Sarkisova, L.Ì., Makarov, D.V., Zorenko, I.V., and Belogub, Å.V., Effect of the Hypergenesis Oxidation on the Processing Behavior and Preparation Characteristics of Copper-Zinc Pyritic Ores, J. Min. Sci., 2010, vol. 46, no. 6, pp. 672–680.
4. Cala-Rivero, V., Arranz-Gonzalez, J., Rodriguez-Gomez, V., Fernandez-Naranjo, F.J., and Vadillo-Fernandez, L., A Preliminary Study of the Formation of Efflorescent Sulfate Salts in Abandoned Mining Areas with a View to Their Harvesting and Subsequent Recovery of Copper, Min. Eng., 2018, vol. 129, pp. 37–40.
5. Chanturia, V.À., Minenko, V.G., Lunin, V.D., Shadrunova, I.V., and Orekhova, N.N, Electrochemical Technology of Water Processing in Flotation and Leaching of Cu–Zn Pyritic Ores, Tsvet. Metally, 2008, no. 9.
6. Chanturia, V.À., Samusev, À.L., Minenko, V.G., Koporulina, Å.V., and Chanturia, Å.L., Validation of the Efficient Application of the Electrochemical Water Processing in Ore Heap Leaching, J. Min. Sci., 2011, vol. 47, no. 5, pp. 675–683.
7. Mamonov, S.V., Klyushnikov, A.M., Volkova, S.V., Dresvyankina, T.P., and Stikhina, M.I., Combined Technology of Processing Ore with Increased Content of Copper Sulphates, Izv. Vuzov. Gorn. Zhurn., 2016, no.4, pp. 98–104.
8. Gazaleeva, G.I., Mamonov, S.V., Bratygin, Å.V., and Klyushnikov, A.M., Problems Problems and Innovation Solution in Technogenic Raw Material Benefication, GIAB, 2017, no. 1, pp. 257–272.
9. El-Ashtoukhy, E-S.Z. and Abdel-Azi, M.H., Removal of Copper from Aqueous Solutions by Cementation in a Bubble Column Reactor Fitted with Horizontal Screens, Int. J. Min. Proc., 2013, vol. 121, pp. 65–69.
10. Sajeda, A.Al-Saydeh, Muftah, H.El-Naas, and Syed, J. Zaidi, Copper Removal from Industrial Wastewater: A Comprehensive Review, J. Industrial and Eng. Chem., 2017, vol. 56, pp. 35–44.
11. Karavasteva, M., Kinetics and Deposit Morphology of Copper Cementation onto Zinc, Iron and Aluminium, Hydrometallurgy, 2005, vol. 76, nos. 1–2, pp. 149–152.
12. Alkatsev, Ì.I., Protsessy tsementatsii v tsvetnoi metallurgii (Cementation Processes in Nonferrous Metallurgy), Moscow: Metallurgiya, 1981.
13. Vol’dman, G.Ì. and Zelikman, À.N., Teoriya gidrometallurgicheskikh protsessov: uchebnoe posobie dlya vuzov (Theory of Hydrometallurgical Processes: Manual for Graduate Students), Moscow: Intermet Engineering, 2003.
14. Lur’e, Yu.Yu., Analiticheskaya khimiya promyshlennykh stochnykh vod (Analytical Chemistry of Industrial Waste Waters), Moscow: Khimiya, 1984.
MINING THERMOPHYSICS
ANALYSIS OF EARTH’S HEAT FLOW IN ARTIFICIAL GROUND FREEZING
M. A. Semin, L. Yu. Levin, and A. V. Pugin
Mining Institute, Ural Branch, Perm, 614007 Russia
e-mail: seminma@inbox.ru
The authors have analyzed relative earth heat infiltration in artificial ground freezing in the context of formation of frozen wall in mine shafts. The artificial ground freezing modeling reveals a considerable dependence of the earth heat infiltration on the thermal properties of ground, process variables of refrigerating plant and time. The relative earth heat infiltration comes to a steady-state value 5–8 months after beginning of freezing. The formula is obtained for estimation of the steady-state value for the relative earth heat infiltration at different temperatures of ground and freezing brine.
Frozen wall, mine shaft, artificial freezing, Stefan problem, earth heat infiltration, surrounding rock heat infiltration, numerical modeling
DOI: 10.1134/S106273912001659X
REFERENCES
1. VSN 189–78. Guidelines on Artificial Freezing Planning and Execution in Soil in Subway Construction and Tunneling. Moscow: Mintransstroi, 1978.
2. Dorman, Ya.A., Iskusstvennoe zamorazhivanie gruntov pri stroitel’stve metropolitenov (Artificial Freezing of Soil in Subway Construction), Moscow: Transport, 1971.
3. Trupak, N.G., Zamorazhivanie gornykh porod pri prokhodke stvolov (Freezing of Rocks in Shaft Construction), Moscow: Ugletekhizdat, 1954.
4. Vremennoe rukovodstvo po proektirovaniyu protsessa zamorazhivaniya porod dlya prokhodki vertikal’nykh stvolov shakht (Temporal Guidelines on Rock Freezing Planning in Vertical Shafting), Kharkov: VNIIOMSHM, 1971.
5. Alzoubi, M.A., Nie-Rouquette, A., and Sasmito, A.P., Conjugate Heat Transfer in Artificial Ground Freezing Using Enthalpy–Porosity Method: Experiments and Model Validation, Int. J. of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2018, vol. 126, pp. 740–752.
6. Vitel, M., Rouabhi, A., Tijani, M., and Guerin, F., Thermo-Hydraulic Modeling of Artificial Ground Freezing: Application to an Underground Mine in Fractured Sandstone, Computers and Geotechnics, 2016, vol. 75, pp. 80–92.
7. Panteleev, I., Kostina, A., Zhelnin, M., Plekhov, O., and Levin, L., Numerical Model of Fluid-Saturated Rock Mass with Phase Transitions as a Theoretical Basis for Artificial Ground Freezing Control System, Geomechanics and Geodynamics of Rock Masses: Proc. of the 2018 European Rock Mech. Symp., 2018, vol. 1, pp. 1273–1279.
8. Gendler, S.G., Comprehensive Safety of Mineral Mining and Subsoil Development, Gornyi Zhurnal, 2014, no. 5, pp. 5–6.
9. Meyer, G.H., Multidimensional Stefan Problems, SIAM J. on Numerical Analysis, 1973, vol. 10, pp. 522–538.
10. Levin, L.Yu., Semin, M.A., and Parshakov, O.S., Mathematical Prediction of Frozen Wall Thickness in Shaft Sinking, J. Min. Sci., 2017, vol. 53, no. 5, pp. 938–944.
11. Levin, L.Yu., Semin, M.A., and Zaitsev, A.V., Mathematical Methods of Forecasting Microclimate Conditions in an Arbitrary Layout Network of Underground Excavations, J. Min. Sci., 2014, vol. 50, no. 2, pp. 371–378.
12. Razrabotka iskhodnykh dannykh dlya proekta prokhodki shakhtnykh stvolov. V t.ch.: iskhodnye dannye po skipovomu stvolu: otchet o NIR (Initial Data for Mine Shaft Project, Including Initial Data for Skip Shaft: R&D Report), Minsk: Belgorkhimprom, 2013.
13. Dmitriev, A.P. and Goncharov, S.A., Termodinamicheskie protsessy v gornykh porodakh (Thermodynamics of Rocks), Moscow: Nedra, 1964.
14. Carslow, H.S. and Jaeger, J.C., Conduction of Heat in Solids, Oxford Science Publications, 1986.
15. Levin, L.Yu., Semin, M.A., and Zaitsev, A.V., Adjustment of Thermophysical Rock Mass Properties in Modeling Frozen Wall Formation in Mine Shaft under Construction, J. Min. Sci., 2019, vol. 55, no. 1, pp. 157–168.
 Âåðñèÿ äëÿ ïå÷àòè (îòêðîåòñÿ â íîâîì îêíå)
|
