JMS, Vol. 55, No. 6, 2019
GEOMECHANICS
STRUCTURE OF ELASTICITY TENSORS IN TRANSVERSELY ISOTROPIC MATERIAL WITH PARADOX BEHAVIOR UNDER HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE
B. D. Annin and N. I. Ostrosablin
Lavrentyev Institute of Hydrodynamics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences,
Novosibirsk, 630090 Russia
e-mail: annin@hydro.nsc.ru
Novosibirsk National Research State University,
Novosibirsk, 630090 Russia
The authors analyze the structure of the elasticity tensors and compliance coefficients in a special linearly elastic and transversely isotropic material with paradox behavior. The intrinsic moduli and states are found for the elasticity tensors if this material. The extreme values of Young’s modulus, shear modulus and Poisson’s ratio are determined. The characteristics of the nearest tensor of elasticity moduli are obtained.
Transversal isotropy, elasticity moduli, intrinsic moduli and states, extreme Young’s modulus, extreme shear modulus, extreme Poisson’s ratio, nearest tensors, stratified rocks
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739119066246
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STRESS STATE OF CONICAL GRANULAR PILE
A. P. Bobryakov, S. V. Klishin, and A. F. Revuzhenko
Chinakal Institute of Mining, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630091 Russia
e-mail: bobriakov@ngs.ru
The authors analyze the effect revealed at the Institute of Mining, SB RAS in the 1970s. This effect consists in a noticeable off-center displacement of the maximum normal pressure on the bottom of a conical pile when heaped. The new experimental data are presented. The stress–stress analysis of the pile between two parallel smooth plates is solved using a 3D discrete element method. The calculations prove the indicated effect.
Granular material, conical pile, laboratory experiment, stress, sensor, numerical model, discrete element method
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739119066258
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12. Klishin, S.V., Lavrikov, S.V., Mikenina, O.A., and Revuzhenko, A.F., DEM Modification to Allow Transition to Linearly Elastic Body Model, Recent Problems of Applied Mathematics, Information Science and Mechanics: Int. Sci. Conf. Proc., Voronezh, 2017, pp. 1072–1078.
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DEVELOPING EMPIRICAL MODELS FOR UNIAXIAL COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH PREDICTION BY USING NON-DESTRUCTIVE TESTRESULTS
M. B. Hayat, A. Ur Rehman, D. Ali, A. Saleem, and N. Mustafa
Missouri University of Science & Technology, Rolla MO, 65401 USA
e-mail: mbhq57@mst.edu
University of Engineering & Technology, Lahore, 54890 Pakistan
General Department of Mines, Lahore, 54000 Pakistan
Dewan Cement Ltd, Karachi, 74200 Pakistan
In the current study, uniaxial compressive strength, Schmidt hammer and Sonic velocity tests are performed on NX size rock core samples from Sakesar and Namal formation limestone. Least square regression analysis is used to develop any possible correlations between the destructive and non-destructive test results. Empirical models, for predicting the uniaxial compressive strength of rocks by using the rebound number and P-wave/S-wave velocity, have been developed and evaluated. Analysis shows that the empirical model for predicting UCS with Schmidt hammer rebound number is more reliable over a wide range of strength values for both the formations. Whereas the model that uses P-wave/S-wave velocities is reliable particularly when the strength values are low to medium.
Limestone, uniaxial compressive strength, correlation, point load, Schmidt hammer, P-wave velocity, S-wave velocity
DOI: 10.1134/S106273911906626X
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ROCK FAILURE
HILL SLOPE FALLS AND LONG-RUNOUT ROCKSLIDES UNDER LARGE-SCALE UNDERGROUND BLASTING
V. V. Adushkin
Institute of Geopshere Dynamics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
e-mail: adushkin@idg.chph.ras.ru
The collected data on long-runout rockslides induced be large-scale underground blasts are presented. The critical conditions of the rockslides are determined as a function of the dynamic impact, rockfall volume, as well as the slope height and gradient. It is shown that the main condition for the mobile rockslides is their volume exceeding 106–108 m3. A collateral effect for rockslides in case of smaller volume of 106–107 m3 is the presence of an acceleration phase at the slope toe and the absence of a counter slope. The relations of the avalanche front range, rockslide volume and fall height are given. It is mentioned that the avalanche range is associated with their composition, in particular, rock-and-ice or rock-and-snow avalanches feature increased mobility starting from their volumes of 105 m3. A brief review of theoretical and modeling studies intended to explain the reduced friction in large avalanches is provided.
Fall, landslide, hillside, rock avalanche, underground blast
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739119066271
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IMPACT OF MASSIVE BLASTS ON STABILITY OF TECTONIC FAULTS
G. G. Kocharyan, V. I. Kulikov, and D. V. Pavlov
Institute of Geosphere Dynamics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
e-mail: gevorgkidg@mail.ru
The measurement data on seismic load parameters induced by massive blasting carried out in surface and underground mines are presented. The maximum amplitude of seismic vibrations at the probable depth of potential sources of high-magnitude stimulated–tectonic earthquakes is calculated. These estimates and their comparison with the precision deformography observations show that residual displacements along faults at seismic depths under the impact of massive blasts in surface mines are not more than dens–hundreds microns. The seismic data demonstrate insufficiency of these impacts for initiation of high-magnitude earthquakes.
Massive blasts, blast-induced seismic load, stimulated earthquakes, seismic and geodynamic safety of mining
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739119066283
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MODEL TESTS OF TRIGGER EFFECT ON ROCK FAULTS
A. P. Bobryakov
Chinakal Institute of Mining, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630091 Russia
e-mail: bobriakov@ngs.ru
Three influences on physical modeling results of unstable dynamic displacements along fault edges under triggered relaxation are considered. The fault filler is assumed to be quartz sand placed in-between moving tiff and rough plates. This quartz sand interlayer is subject to variation in compaction, to relaxation from stresses and to a burst air flow across the interlayer to simulate gas rush in the fault. The relaxation periods in the compact sand packing under the influence of the gas flow are determined.
Shear, granular medium, trigger effect, soft loading, fault, sliding friction, gas flow
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739119066295
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AIR DECKS IN SURFACE BLASTING OPERATIONS
M. B. Hayat, L. Alagha, and D. Ali
Missouri University of Science & Technology, Rolla MO, 65401 USA
University of Engineering & Technology, Lahore, 54890 Pakistan
e-mail: alaghal@mst.edu
In this study, the best possible location for an air deck in an explosive column during a surface blasting operation for the most efficient rock fragmentation is described. Volumes of air decks are proposed for the optimization. This study aims at helping guide blasting engineers to easily apply an air deck in a surface blasting operation.
Air deck, surface blasting, explosive consumption, mining cost, site geology
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739119066307
REFERENCES
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MINERAL MINING TECHNOLOGY
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT OF BIO-DEGASIFICATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR COAL FIELDS
M. V. Kurlenya, E. K. Emel’yanova, I. S. Andreeva, and A. V. Savchenko
Chinakal Institute of Mining, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630091 Russia
e-mail: sav@emkl.ru
Novosibirsk State Medical University, Novosibirsk, 630091 Russia
State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology VECTOR, Kol’tsovo, Novosibirsk, 630559 Russia
The current situation and development trends in the biological degasification of coal are reviewed. It is shown that methane desorption is a consequence of rock mass destruction by activity of microorganisms and releasing bacterial metabolites. The influence of microorganisms on coal as a function of a prevailing microbial community and its variety, access of oxygen and nutritious substrates is observed. Advancement of the biological method for coal field degasification based on the methanotrophy is discussed.
Methanotrophs, methane-oxidizing microorganisms, coal seam degasification, methane, roadways
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739119066319
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OPTIMIZING SHEARER WEB WIDTH IN UNDERGROUND MINING OF GENTLY DIPPING METHANE-BEARING COAL SEAMS
A. A. Ordin, A. M. Timoshenko, and D. V. Botvenko
Chinakal Institute of Mining, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630091 Russia
e-mail: sav@emkl.ru
Institute of Computational Technologies, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630090 Russia
VostNII Research and Design Center, Kemerovo, 650002 Russia
VostNII Science Center, Kemerovo, 650002 Russia
Specifications of domestic and foreign shearers are given. The problem is formulated for optimizing web width of a shearer by the maximum capacity criterion with regard to geological and technology factors. The analytical solution is obtained for the problem using the approximating linear functions of the sloughing factor and the web width. The influences of the optimal web width of shearer are analyzed, and the related recommendations are made. The extremal curve of methane release from broken coal is shown, and the allowable capacity of face by the gas criterion is tested in longwall 5214–1 in the Yalevsky Mine of the Kuznetsk Coal Basin.
Mine, shearer, drum, web width, optimization, advance speed, rotation speed, tangential picks
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739119066320
REFERENCES
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17. Ordin, A.A. and Timoshenko, A.M., Nonlinear Relationships between Coalseam Methane Release, Natural Methane Content and Kinematic Parameters of Cutting Picks of Shearers, J. Min. Sci., 2017, vol. 53, no. 2, pp. 311–316.
18. Federal’nye normy i pravila v oblasti promyshlennoi bezopasnosti “Pravila bezopasnosti v ugol’nykh shakhtakh” (Federal Code of Industrial Safety: Safety Regulations for Coal Mines), Ser. 05, Moscow: NTSIPPB, 2017, Issue 40.
IMPROVING THE CONSTRUCTION OF MECHANIZED COMPLEXES FOR RELOADING POINTS WHILE DEVELOPING DEEP OPEN PITS
O. O. Shustov, J. S. Haddad, A. A. Adamchuk, V. O. Rastsvietaiev, and O. V. Cherniaiev
Dnipro University of Technology, Dnipro, Ukraine
Al-Balqa Applied University, Amman, Jordan
e-mail: drjamil@bau.edu.jo
Layouts of reloading points in the cyclical-and-continuous technology for deep-level surface mining are analyzed. The innovative structure of a reloading point involving dump trucks drivethrough passing has been proposed; the structure will make it possible to increase reloading point productivity, cut the costs for rock mass extraction, and reduce the time of motor transport maneuvering. Dependence of general funds saving for overburden rock extraction upon the open pit depth while constructing a reloading point with the drivethrough passing comparing to a dead-end unloading of various-capacity dump trucks has been determined.
Overburden rocks, reloading point, bunker, dump truck, belt conveyor, drivethrough passing, dead-end loading
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739119066332
REFERENCES
1. Dryzhenko, À.Yu., Open-Pit Mining: A Guide, Dnipropetrovsk: NMU, 2014.
2. Korolenko, Ì.Ê., Perehudov, V.V., Fedin, Ê.À., Romanenko, À.V., and Protasov, V.P., The Improvement of Shovel and Truck Methods for Rock Hoisting in the Context of Yuzhny GOK: Monograph, Kryvy Rih: Dionis, 2012.
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6. Pavlov, À.Yu., Rohach, Ì.S., Klubnichkin, Ye.Ê., Ivanova, Ye.Ye., and Propletin, À.P., USSR patent no. 880931, Newsletter, 1989, no. 42.
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11. Paskhin, B.Ì. and Popov, À.N., USSR patent no. 132123, Newsletter, 1960, no. 18.
12. Anikin, N.N., Chaikovki, À.I., and Parshkin, E.Ì., USSR patent no. 933589, Newsletter, 1982, no. 21.
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15. Menshikov, B.À. and Sisin, À.G., USSR patent no. 606796, Newsletter, 1978, no. 18.
16. Budanov, V.Ye., Koriakin, À.I., and Lokhanov, B.N., USSR patent no. 800077, Newsletter, 1979, no. 18.
17. Dryzhenko, À.Yu., Adamchuk, À.À., Shustov, Î.Î., Moldabaiev, S.Ê., and Nikiforova, N.À., Ukraine patent no. 123290, Newsletter, 2018, no. 4.
18. Adamchuk, À.À., Analyzing Parameters for Deep Open-Pit Overmining, Collection of Scientific Papers of the NMU, 2017, no. 50, pp. 10–17.
19. Babets, Ye.Ê., Melnikova, ².Ye., Hrebeniuk, S.Ya., and Lobov, S.P., Analyzing Technical-and-Economic Indices of Mining Enterprises of Ukraine and Their Efficiency in the Context of Varying Conjuncture of the World Iron-Ore Market: Monograph, Kryvy Rih: R. A. Kozlov, 2015.
20. Shapar, À.G., Lashko, V.Ò., Novozhylov, S.Ì., Kuchersky, N.I., Malygin, Î.N., Prokhorenko, G.À., Shemetov, P.À., Kolomnikov, S.S., and Davronbekov, U.Yu., Reloading Points under Motor-Conveyor Transport in Ore Open Pits: Monograph, Dnipropetrovsk: Poligrafist, 2001.
21. Dryzhenko, A., Moldabayev, S., Shustov, A., Adamchuk, A., and Sarybayev, N., Open-Pit Mining Technology of Steeply Dipping Mineral Occurrences by Steeply Inclined Sublayers, Proc. of the 17th Int. Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference SGEM 2017, 2017, pp. 599–605.
22. Dryzhenko, A., Shustov, A., and Moldabayev, S., Justification of Parameters of Building Inclined Trenches Using Belt Conveyors, Proc. of the 17th Int. Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference SGEM, 2017, pp. 471–478.
23. Chernyaåv, O.V., Systematization of the Hard Rock Non-Metallic Mineral Deposits for Improvement of Their Mining Technologies, Nauk. Visnyk Natsionalnoho Hirnychoho Universytetu, 2017, no. 5, pp. 11–17.
SCIENCE OF MINING MACHINES
AVAILABILITY ASSESSMENT OF MOUNTING GROUPS OF MINING MACHINES
B. L. Gerike, V. I. Klishin, and A. A. Mokrushev
Federal Research Center for Coal and Coal Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences,
Kemerovo, 650056 Russia
e-mail: gbl_42@mail.ru
Gorbachev Kuzbass State Technical University, Kemerovo, 650099 Russia
e-mail: andy-mokrushev@yandex.ru
The classification of the methods available for diagnostic of mining machinery mounting groups with roller bearings is considered with indicated advantages and disadvantages. The model is constructed to describe formation of shock pulses in roller bearings when different defects are generated in them. This model is suitable for the availability monitoring of the machinery mounting groups. The applicability of wavelet transforms instead of the standard fast Fourier transform to random processes and vibro-acoustic signals is tested for the detection of defects in manufacture and operation of mining machines.
Mining machines, mounting groups, roller bearings, manufacturing and assembling defects, availability assessment, monitoring, vibration diagnostics
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739119066344
REFERENCES
1. Klyuev, V.V. (Ed.), Nerazrushayushchii kontrol’: spravochnik (Nondestructive Control: Handbook), Books 1 and 2, Moscow: Mashinostroenie, 2006.
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3. Gerike, P.B. and Nesterova, O.A., Application of Nondestructive Tests Data to Creation of Identification Procedure for Technical State of Mining Equipment by Vibration Parameters, Vestn. KuzGTU, 2017, no. 6, pp. 161–169.
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5. Galkin, V.I. and Sheshko, E.E., Transportnye mashiny (Transport Machines), Moscow: Gornaya kniga, 2010.
6. Gerike, B.L., Sushko, A.E., and Gerike, P.B., Introduction of Digital Technologies in the Field of Technical Diagnosis, Maintenance and Repair of Mining Machines and Equipment, Tekhnika Tekhnol. Gorn. Dela, 2018, no. 3, pp. 19–28.
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8. Bendjama, H., Bouhouche, S., Boucherit, M.S., and Mansour, M., Vibration Signal Analysis Using Wavelet-PCA-NN Technique for Fault Diagnosis in Rotating Machinery, The Mediterranean J. of Measurement and Control, 2010, vol. 6, no. 4, pp. 145–154.
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10. Mamet’ev, L.E., Lyubimov, O.V., and Drozdenko, Yu.V., Justification of Technological Lifespan Parameters for Bearing Units of Augering Machines, Vestn. KuzGTU, 2013, no. 1 (95), pp. 16–18.
11. Krakovskii, Yu.M., Matematicheskie i programmnye sredstva otsenki tekhnicheskogo sostoyaniya oborudovaniya (Mathematical and Software Tools of Availability Evaluation of Equipment), Novosibirsk: Nauka, 2005.
12. Kelly S. Graham, Advanced Vibration Analysis, 2013.
13. Kapranov, B.I. and Korotkova, I.A., Spektral’nyi analiz v nerazrushayushchem kontrole (Spectral Analysis in Nondestructive Testing), Tomsk: TPU, 2010.
14. Klyuev, V.V. (Ed.), Nerazrushayushchii kontrol’: spravochnik (Nondestructive Control: Handbook), vol. 5, Moscow: Mashinostroenie, 2005.
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17. Bearing Failure Diagnosis, NSK Motion & Control, 2009.
18. Bearing Damages and Their Causes, SKF AB, 2002.
19. Rudloff, L., Arghir, Ì., Bonneau, Î., Guingo, S., Chemla, G., and Renard, E., Experimental Analysis of the Dynamic Characteristics of a Hybrid Aerostatic Bearing, J. Eng. for Gas Turbines and Power, 2012, vol. 134, no. 18.
20. Sal’nikov, A.F., Vibroakusticheskaya diagnostika tekhnicheskikh ob’ektov (Vibro-Acoustic Diagnosis of Engineering Objects), Perm: PNIPU, 2011.
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22. Vityazev, V.V., Veivlet-analiz vremennykh ryadov (Wavelet Analysis of Time Series), Saint-Petersburg: SPbGU, 2001.
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PERFORMANCE PREDICTION OF CIRCULAR DIAMOND SAWS BY ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS AND REGRESSION METHOD BASED ON SURFACE HARDNESS VALUES OF MUGLA MARBLES, TURKEY
A. Guney
Mugla Sıtkı Kocman University, Department of Mining Engineering, Mugla, Turkey
e-mail: aguney@mu.edu.tr
Sawing of natural stones with diamond-impregnated circular saws is extensively implemented in stone processing plants in variety of applications that include sawing, cutting, splitting and trimming. Hence, the cost of diamond saws and energy have become important input in terms of estimating the hourly areal slab productions (HASPs) from the standpoint of effective cost analyses, feasible and sustainable designing of stone processing plants prior to reaching a decision for the investment. This study aimed at estimating the HASPs of the machines with circular diamond saws during the dimensioning of marble blocks quarried in Mugla (Turkey) Region. Thus, the models were generated to estimate the HASPs by artificial neural networks (ANN) and regression method (RM), based on Shore and Schmidt hardness values of rocks. Also, HASPs were acquired through in-plant measurements in order to justify the HASPs estimated by ANN and RM models. The analyses of the models generated using ANN proved to yield very strong consistencies with HASPs measured in the plants. Hence, the HASPs can be estimated reliably by the ANN models which also may be considered as a tool in designing of natural stone processing plants based on rock surface hardness.
Shore hardness (SH), Schmidt hardness (SCH), hourly areal slab productions (HASPs), artificial neural network (ANN), regression method (RM)
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739119066356
REFERENCES
1. Büyüksağış, İ.S., Sawability Analysis of Marbles in Circular Daimond Block Cutting Machines, Osmangazi University Graduate School, PhD Thesis, Turkey, 1998.
2. Kahraman, S., Altun, H., Tezekici, B.S., and Fener, M., Sawability Prediction of Carbonate Rocks From Strength Parameters Using Artifical Neural Networks, Int. J. Rock Mech. & Min. Sci., 2006, vol. 43, pp. 157–164.
3. Özçelik, Y., Ünver, B., and Bayram, F., Sawability Classification of Some Natural Stones with Circular Sawing and Numerical Modeling of Sawing Mechanism, TÜBİTAK, 2008.
4. Şengün, N., Influence of Fracture Toughness and Brittlenes on Cutting Efficiency of Circular Diamond Saws, Suleyman Demirel University, PhD Thesis, 2009, Isparta, Turkey.
5. Şengün, N., Altındağ, R., and Koçcaz, C.E., The Sawability Analysis of Some Magmatic Rocks Found in Isparta Region, J. Sci. and Eng. of Dokuz Eylul University, 2009, vol. 11, no. 31, pp. 22–31.
6. Caner, M. and Akarslan, E., Estimation of Specific Energy Factor in Marble Cutting Process Using ANFIS and ANN, J. Eng. Sci. of Pamukkale University, 2009, vol. 15, no. 2, pp. 233–239.
7. Bayram, A., Yaşıtlı, N.E., and Özçelik, Y., The Relations Between Noise Level and Cutting Parameters in Circular Diamond Sawing, The 22nd Int. Min. Congr. of Turkey Proc. Book, 2011, pp. 407–413.
8. Guney, A., Performance Prediction of Large-Diameter Circular Saws Based on Surface Hardness Tests for Mugla (Turkey) Marbles, J. Rock Mech. Rock Eng., 2011, vol. 44, pp. 357–366.
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MINERAL DRESSING
FLOTATION OF CALCIUM MINERALS WITH COMBINATION OF REAGENTS OF DIFFERENT MOLECULAR STRUCTURE
E. D. Shepeta, V. A. Ignatkina, S. A. Kondrat’ev, and L. A. Samatova
Institute of Mining, Far East Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Khabarovsk, 680000 Russia
e-mail: elenashepeta56@mail.ru
National University of Science and Technology–MISIS, Moscow, 119049 Russia
e-mail: woda@mail.ru
Chinakal Institute of Mining, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630091 Russia
e-mail: kondr@misd.ru
The influence of non-ionic compounds in combination with sodium oleate on the contrast behavior of flotation response of calcium minerals is investigated theoretically and experimentally. The flotation and adsorption analyses are carried out with monomineral fractions of calcite and scheelite, while the flotation process analysis is conducted with an ore material screened into size grades of –44 and –15 μm. The process conditions of the highest difference in adsorption of oleate and contrast in extraction of scheelite and calcite are found. The conditions of the maximum depression of calcite in the rougher flotation circuit are determined.
Flotation, calcite, scheelite, scheelite–sulfide ore, contrast behavior of flotation, adsorption, combination, oleate, non-ionic compounds, neonol, exol-B, reagent regime, calcite depression, extraction
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739119066368
REFERENCES
1. Pol’kin, S.I., Obogashchenie rud i rossypei redkikh i blagorodnykh metallov (Processing of Ores and Placers of Rare and Noble Metals), Moscow: Nedra, 1987.
2. Kienko, L.A., Samatova, L.A., Voronova, O.V., and Plyusnina, L.N., Using the Mixtures of Collectros in Flotation of Finely Disseminated Carbonate–Fluorite Ore, Obog. Rud, 2009, no. 3, pp. 25–28.
3. Kupka, N. and Rudolph, M., Froth Flotation of Scheelite—A Review, Int. J. Min. Sci. and Tech., 2018, vol. 28, no. 3, pp. 373–384.
4. Liu, Ch., Feng, Q., Zhang, G., Chen, W., and Chen, Y., Effect of Depressants in the Selective Flotation of Scheelite and Calcite Using Oxidized Paraffin Soap as Collector, Int. J. Min. Proc., 2016, vol. 157, pp. 210–215.
5. Arsent’ev, V.A., Gorlovskii, S.I., and Ustonov, N.D., Kompleksnoe deistvie flotatsionnykh reagentov (Combined Effect of Flotation Reagents), Moscow: Nedra, 1992.
6. Yang, F., Sun, W., Hu, Y., and Long, S., Cationic Flotation of Scheelite from Calcite Using Quaternary Ammonium Salts as Collector: Adsorption Behavior and Mechanism, Int. J. Min. Eng., 2015, vol. 81, pp. 18–28.
7. Yuesheng Gao, Zhiyong Gao, Wei Sun, and Yuehua Hu, Selective Flotation of Scheelite from Calcite: A Novel Reagent Scheme, Int. J. Min. Proc., 2016, vol. 154, pp. 10–15.
8. Filippova, I.V., Filippov, L.O., Duverger, A., and Severov, V.V., Synergetic Effect of a Mixture of Anionic and Nonionic Reagents: Ca Mineral Contrast Separation by Flotation at Neutral pH, J. Min. Eng., 2014, vol. 66–68, pp. 135–144.
9. Filippov, L.O., Duverger, A., Filippova, I.V., Kasaini, H., and Thiry, J., Selective Flotation of Silicates and Ca-Bearing Minerals: The Role of Non-Ionic Reagent on Cationic Flotation, J. Min. Eng., 2012, vol. 36–38, pp. 314–323.
10. Filippov, L.O., Filippova, I.V., Lafhaj, Z., and Fornasiero, D., The Role of a Fatty Alcohol in Improving Calcium Minerals Flotation with Oleate, Colloid Surf., 2019, vol. 560, pp. 410–417.
11. Aleinikov, N.A., Flotation of Apatite with Synthetic Carboxylic Acids, Obog. Rud, 1962, no. 1, pp. 14–20.
12. Kondrat’ev, S.A. and Sem’yanova, D.V., Relation between Hydrocarbon Radical Structure and Collecting Ability of Flotation Agent, J. Min. Sci., 2018, vol. 54, no. 6, pp. 1024–1034.
13. Kondrat’ev, S.A., Effect of Hydrocarbon Fragment Structure in Hydroxide and Cationic Reagent on Their Collectability, Proc. 14th Int. Conf. InterExpo-GEO-Sibir, Novosibirsk: 2018, vol. 6, pp. 65–77.
14. Huang Z., Zhong H., Wang S., Xia L., Zou W., and Liu G. Investigations on Reverse Cationic Flotation of Iron Ore by Using a Gemini Surfactant: Ethane-1,2-Bis (Dimethyl-Dodecyl-Ammonium Bromide), Chem. Eng. J., 2014, vol. 257, pp. 218–228.
15. Kondrat’ev, S. A. Fizicheskaya forma sorbtsii reagenta i ee naznachenie vo flotatsii (Physisorption of Reagent and the Purpose in Flotation), Novosibirsk: Nauka, 2018.
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17. Kurkov, A.V., Secondary Action Reagents—A Tool to Enhance Flotation Efficiency of Nonsulfide Ore, Proc. 2nd Congress of the CIS Countries Dressers, 1999, p. 63.
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19. Quast, K., Flotation of Hematite Using C6-C18 Saturated Fatty Acids, J. Min. Eng., 2006, no. 19, pp. 582–597.
20. Aleinikov, N.A. and Ivanova, V.A., Synthesis and Application of New Flotation Reagents in Ore Processing, Obogashchenie rud i problema bezotkhodnoi tekhnologii (Ore Dressing and No-Waste Technology Problem), Leningrad: Nauka, 1980, pp. 163–183.
21. Leja, J,. Interactions at Interfaces in Relations to Froth Flotation, Proc. 2nd Int. Congress Surface Activity, Butterworths, London, 1957, vol. 3, pp. 273–296.
22. Yakovleva, A.A., Chyong, S.N., Pridatchenko, Yu.V., Shuvaeva, E.M., Critical Micellization Concentration of Sodium Oleate, Prikl. Khim. Biotekhnol., 2013, no. 1 (4), pp. 105–114.
23. Ignatkina, V.A., Experimental Investigation of Change in the Contrast between Flotation Properties of Calcic Minerals, J. Min. Sci., 2017, vol. 53, no. 5, pp. 897–906.
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28. Ignatkina, V.A., Usichenko, S.D., and Milovich, F.O., Effect of Nonionic Oxyhydryl Compounds and Their Mixtures with Oleate on Flotation Activity of Calcite, MIAB, 2018, no. 10, pp. 169–179.
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INFLUENCE OF ACIDS ON EXTRACTION EFFICIENCY OF ZIRCONIUM AND RARE EARTH METALS IN EUDIALYTE CONCENTRATE LEACHING
V. A. Chanturia, V. G. Minenko, E. V. Koporulina, M. V. Ryazantseva, and A. L. Samusev
Academician Melnikov Institute of Comprehensive Exploitation of Mineral Resources,
Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 111020 Russia
e-mail: Andrey63vzm@mail.ru
The influence of nitric, sulfuric and chlorohydric acids on the morphology, composition of elements, structural and chemical transformation of mineral surface and leaching of eudialyte concentrate is studied using a set of the modern analytical techniques. Specific features are revealed in the nature and degree of eudialyte decomposition under the influence of different acids. These features affect the intensity of removal of basic cations of Al, Na, Ca, Mg, K, Ti, Mn, Fe, Sr and Zr from the mineral surface. The behavior and regular patterns in the formation of silica gel and secondary phases during dissolution of eudialyte concentrates are examined. Sulfuric acid, which ensures the highest extraction of Zr and rare earth metals in pregnant solution, contributes to maximum formation of silica gel and considerable quantity of gypsum and insoluble sulfates, which results in high loss of Zr and rare earth metals. The use of nitric and chlorohydric acids reduces the loss of Zr and rare earth metals by 2–5 times.
Acid leaching, eudialyte concentrate, zirconium, rare earth metals, silica gel, loss of valuable components
DOI: 10.1134/S106273911906637X
REFERENCES
1. Naumov, A.V., World Market of Rare Earth Metals: Review, Tsvet. Metallurg., 2008, no. 1, pp. 22–31.
2. Savel’eva, I.L., The Rare-Earth Metals Industry of Russia: Present Status, Resource Conditions of Development, Geography and Natural Resources, 2011, vol. 32, no. 1, pp. 65–71. DOI: doi.org/ 10.1134/ S1875372811010112.
3. Samonov, A.E. and Melent’ev, G.B., Evdialit: pereotsenka promyshlennoi znachimosti (Eudialyte: Commercial Re-Evaluation). Available at: http:// www.newcemi.ru/letter.php?nid=382.
4. Kuleshevich, L.V. and Dmitrieva, A.V., Rare-Earth Mineralization in Karelia’s Alkaline and Moderately Alkaline Complexes, Associated Metasomatic Rocks and Ores, Gornyi Zhurnal, 2019, no. 3, DOI: 10.17580/gzh.2019.03.09.
5. Zakharov, V.I., Skiba, G.S., Solov’ev, A.V., Lebedev, V.N., and Maiorov, D.V., Some Aspects of Acid Processing of Eudialyte, Tsv. Metally, 2011, no. 11, pp. 25–29.
6. Lebedev, V.N., Sulfuric Acid Technology for Eudialyte Concentrate, Zh. Prikl. Khim., 2003, vol. 76, no. 10, pp. 1601–1605.
7. Lebedev, V.N., Shchur, T.E., Maiorov, D.V., Popova, L.A., and Serkova, R.P., Acid Decomposition of Eudialyte and Some Rare Metal Concentrates of the Kola Peninsula, Zh. Prikl. Khim., 2003, vol. 76, no. 8, pp. 1233–1237.
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STRUCTURAL CHARACTERISTICS AND PROCESSABILITY OF SPHALERITE IN LEAD–ZINC ORE OF THE GOREVKA DEPOSIT
A. A. Plotnikova, V. I. Bragina, and Yu. V. Knyazev
Siberian Federal University, Krasnoyarsk, 660041 Russia
e-mail: alena_plotnikova_0909@inbox.ru
Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Science, Krasnoyarsk, 660036 Russia
Kiriensky Institute of Physics, Krasnoyarsk Science Center, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Krasnoyarsk, 660036 Russia
The theoretical and experimental substantiation of the behavior of ferrous sphalerite in magnetic separation is given in terms of the Gorevka deposit ore. In sphalerite of this deposit, the content of isomorphous iron ranges as 4–9%. The Mossbauer spectroscopy showed the singlet and two doublet lines of iron, demonstrating separate arrays of iron atoms in sphalerite lattice, with formation of Fe-Fe pairs and clusters of three or more iron atoms. It is found that distribution of iron in sphalerite into three forms coincides for magnetic and nonmagnetic products of zinc concentrate separation. It is determined that magnetic separation undivides sphalerite grains by the isomorphous iron content but is governed by the genetic features of the deposit formation—association of sphalerite with magnetic minerals (pyrrhotine and siderite) and the absence of such associations in galena.
Lead–zinc ore, iron-bearing sphalerite, pyrrhotine, X-ray phase analysis, micro-X-ray spectrum analysis, high-gradient separation, Mossbauer spectroscopy
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739119066381
REFERENCES
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INTEGRATED PROCESSING METHOD FOR SYNNYRITE WITH PRODUCTION OF ALUMINA AND POTASSIUM SULFATE
I. G. Antropova, E. N. Alekseeva, and A. D. Budaeva
Baikal Institute of Nature Management, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ulan-Ude, 670047 Russia
e-mail: inan@binm.ru
The article presents the research findings obtained in deep integrated processing of rebellious high-potassium aluminum silicates from the Kalyum deposit within the Synnyr alkaline massif—synnyrite—with production of alumina as well as potassium and magnesium sulfates. The introduction of magnesium-bearing mineral—dolomite—as an additive at the stage of thermochemical decomposition of the acid-resistant minerals in the initial raw material (K-feldspar group) provides improved efficiency of the processes due to cheapening of baking, increased marketable production and reduced solid waste. It is found that leaching of activated synnyrite by 60% sulfuric acid promotes deposition of the silicon component as amorphous silica, which facilitates the further processing of pregnant potassium-, magnesium- and aluminium-bearing sulfuric acid solutions with marketable production.
Synnyrite, integrated processing, thermochemical activation, sulfuric acid decomposition, alumina, potassium and magnesium sulfates
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739119066393
REFERENCES
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MINING THERMOPHYSICS
MATHEMATICAL MODELING OF HEAT-EXCHANGE PROCESSES IN OUTDOOR STORAGE OF FROZEN COAL
Yu. A. Khokholov, V. L. Gavrilov, and V. I. Fedorov
Chersky Institute of Mining of the North, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Yakutsk, 677980 Russia
e-mail: khokholov@igds.ysn.ru
Chinakal Institute of Mining, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630091 Russia
e-mail: gvluhorsk@mail.ru
The modeling procedure is developed to describe heat-exchange processes in outdoor summer storage piles of frozen coal produced in winter. This procedure takes into account thermophysical properties of coal and the pile bottom soil, pile structure, climatic factors and the presence of a heat-insulating coating over the pile. In terms of central Yakutia, it is shown that maximum transition of coal from frozen state (piling in January–March) to thawed condition at the pile height more than 5 m will make 25–35% by the end of the warm season (beginning of October). Application of simple and available heat-insulating materials can reduce thawing intensity by up to 2 times. Natural cold weakens the aggravating effect of oxidizing processes on coal quality in long-term storage of coal and its shipment to remote and hard-to-reach places.
Permafrost zone, coal, storage, outdoor storage, oxidation, modeling, heat and mass exchange, Central and North Yakutia
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739119066405
REFERENCES
1. Khrisanfova, A.I. and Litvinov, V.L., Tekhnologiya khraneniya uglei i meropriyatia po sokrashcheniyu poter’ topliva (Coal Storage Technology and Fuel Loss Reduction Activities), Moscow: Nedra, 1970.
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3. Roddatis, K.F. an Poltaretskii, A.N., Spravochnik po kotel’nym ustanovkam maloi proizvoditel’nosti (Reference Book on Low-Capacity Boiler Plants), Moscow: Energoatomizdat, 1989.
4. Desnam, N.A. and Miroshnichenko, D.V., Use of Oxidized Coal in Coking: Review, Koks Khim., 2015, no. 5, pp. 2–9.
5. Goryushinskii, V.S., Gubarev, M.P., and Shulepov, V.V., Improvement of Loading/Unloading and Haulage/Storage Operation with Solid Fuel in Coal Yards, Vestn. Transp. Povolzh., 2008, no. 3, pp. 40–46.
6. Miroshnichenko, D.V., Desna, N.A., and Kaftan, Yu.S., Oxidation of Coal under Field Conditions. Report 2: Change of Viscoplastic Properties of Coal in Oxidation, Koks Khim., 2014, no. 10, pp. 2–8.
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24. Kondrat’ev, K.Ya., Pivovarova, Z.I., and Fedorova, M.P., Radiatsionnyi rezhim naklonnykh poverkhnostei (Radiation Mode of Inclined Surfaces), Leningrad: Gidrometeoizdat, 1978.
25. Zakharov, E.V., Kurilko, A.S., and Popov, V.I., The Alternating Temperature Effects as a Factor for Energy Saving Technologies of Complex Preparation of Raw Materials in Permafrost Conditions, MIAB, 2015, no. 5, pp. 84–91.
GEOCRYOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF ROCKS TO PREDICT ADVERSE FREEZE-AND-THAW EFFECTS
L. L. Fedorova, G. A. Kulyandin, and D. V. Savvin
Chersky Institute of Mining of the North, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences,
Yakutsk, 677980 Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), Russia
e-mail: igds@igds.ysn.ru
The geophysical investigations are carried out at the Kangalass open pit coal mine using the round penetrating radar and electrical tomography. The main frost effects in rock mass and in water retaining dam are described. The investigation procedure is developed, and the wave fields are characterized. The GPR surveys aimed to reveal water invasion zones in a rock block to be blasted and to trace dynamics of a seasonal thawing layer are presented. The integrated analysis of GPR and electrotomography data is performed to determine adverse freeze-and-thaw processes at the dam bottom. Applicability of GPR in prediction of unfavorable freeze-and-thaw activities is demonstrated.
Ground penetrating radar, electrotomography, permafrost zone, freeze-and-thaw activities, cryogenic conditions, water invasion, seasonal thawing layer, overburden rocks, water retaining dam, Kangalass open pit coal mine
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739119066417
REFERENCES
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