JMS, Vol. 55, No. 4, 2019
GEOMECHANICS
FORMULATION OF THE ALGORITHM TO CALCULATE CONSTANTS CHARACTERIZING ROCK MASS WITH. A. STOPE
M. V. Kurlenya and V. E. Mirenkov
Chinakal Institute of Mining, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences,
Novosibirsk, 630091 Russia
e-mail: mirenkov@misd.ru
A method is proposed for solving inverse problems characterized by a set of parameters, which uses a system of singular integral equations connecting the boundary values of stress and displacement components and excluding regularization. The calculation involves specifying the static, kinematic and dynamic aspects and adapting them to the conditions of mining a specific seam. The static aspect is understood as classical calculation of the stress–strain state in the vicinity of a stope, the kinematic one takes into account the dead weight of rocks, and the dynamic one considers mining the seam and damage accumulation in enclosing rocks.
Boundary, stresses, displacements, parameters, equations, problem, solution
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739119045855
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9. Seryakov, V.Ì., Rib, S.V., Basov, V.V., and Fryanov, V.Ì., Geomechanical Substantiation of Technology Parameters for Coal Mining in Interaction Zone of Longwall Face and Gate Roadway, J. Min. Sci., 2018, vol. 54, no. 6, pp. 899–906.
SUBSTANTIATION OF STABLE PITWALL PARAMETERS BASED ON THE MINING ROCK MASS RATING
A. A. Panzhin, T. F. Kharisov, and O. D. Kharisova
Institute of Mining, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Yekaterinburg, 620075 Russia
e-mail: panzhin@igduran.ru
e-mail:timur-ne@mail.ru
e-mail: OlgaZheltysheva@gmail.com
A set of geomechanical studies is carried out to justify the angles of stable slopes in the Dzhetygarinsky open-pit mine, including testing the physico-mechanical properties of rocks, studying the structure of adjacent rock mass, determining the values of the mining rock mass rating (MRMR) and zoning the open-pit surface according to Professor Laubscher’s classification. The values of slope angles of open-pit benches are recommended, and the measures to ensure their stability are developed. The factors affecting the adjacent rock mass most negatively are identified in classifying the rocks of open-pit mine surface. It is found that the effect of certain factors can be significantly reduced, which allows increasing the values of pitwall control angles while maintaining the proper degree of mining safety.
Dzhetygarinsky open-pit mine, physico-mechanical properties of rocks, sclerometer, rock mass jointing, photogrammetry, unmanned aerial object, Laubscher’s classification, ratings
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739119045867
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STRESSES AND TEMPERATURE AFFECTING ACOUSTIC EMISSION AND RHEOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF ROCK SALT
V. L. Shkuratnik, O. S. Kravchenko, and Yu. L. Filimonov
National University of Science and Technology—MISIS, Moscow, 119049 Russia
e-mail: ftkp@mail.ru
LLC Gazprom Geotechnology, Moscow, 123290 Russia
e-mail: y.filimonov@gazpromgeotech.tu
Synchronized acoustic emission and strain measurements were carried out in rock salt samples subjected simultaneously to different levels of uniaxial mechanical and incrementally increasing temperature effects. Methodological and hardware support of such measurements is described. Experimental dependences are obtained, which reflect changes in shear strains and acoustic emission activity of samples as functions of time and temperature for different axial stresses. As the stresses increase, rock salt transits to the stage of progressive creep at lower temperatures. The transition to each subsequent stage of the temperature effect is accompanied by an increase in the steepness of shear strains and activity-average acoustic emission. The patterns of changes in these parameters at the stages of steady and progressive creep of rock salt are analyzed. The advantages of using acoustic emission measurements to predict rock salt failure due to progressive creep, as well as their importance for solving the problem on estimating salt rocks properties in real thermobaric conditions for the construction and operation of underground gas storages are noted.
Rock salt, underground gas storage, thermobaric effects, stress state, strains, acoustic emission
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739119045879
REFERENCES
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22. Xu, Y., Liu, J., Xu, H., Li, T., Xiang, G., Deng, C., and Wu, C., Experimental Study on Acoustic Emission Characteristics of Salt Rock with Impurities under Uniaxial Compression, J. of Sichuan University (Engineering Science Edition), 2016, vol. 48, no. 6, pp. 37–45.
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STUDY OF ELASTIC, ELASTOPLASTIC AND POST-LIMITING STATES OF ROCK MASS IN THE VICINITY OF OPENINGS USING THE MEASUREMENT DATA AT THEIR BOUNDARIES
A. I. Chanyshev and I. M. Abdulin
Chinakal Institute of Mining, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences,
Novosibirsk, 630091 Russia
e-mail: a.i.chanyshev@gmail.com
Novosibirsk State University of Economics and Management,
Novosibirsk, 630099 Russia
The problem of determining the stress-strain state in the vicinity of an opening with an arbitrary shape using the measurements of the Cauchy stress vector and displacement vector is solved. The states of elasticity, plasticity, and post-limiting straining are considered. The obtained results allow rapid determining of the resource capabilities of rock mass resistance to failure on the boundary both in a buried opening and in opencast mining.
Stresses, strains, displacements, elasticity, plasticity, post-limiting straining
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739119045880
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SCIENCE OF MINING MACHINES
SIMULATION OF METAL PIPE DRIVING IN SOIL WITH BATCHWISE REMOVAL OF PLUG
A. L. Isakov, A. S. Kondratenko, and A. M. Petreev
Chinakal Institute of Mining, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences,
Novosibirsk, 630091 Russia
e-mail: kondratenko@misd.ru
The interaction of an open pipe with an internal soil plug according to the Coulomb’s law of dry friction is investigated. Different soil and pipe models are considered. For all models, finite-difference solutions are obtained, for some—analytical solutions describing the process of elastic interaction of a pipe and a plug. Good agreement between numerical and analytical solutions is shown. The results of numerical calculations for different models are compared and the applicability limits of the models are determined. The effect of Coulomb dry friction on the process of pipe and plug movement is studied.
Pipe driving, soil plug, dry friction, shear stress, mathematical modeling, nonlinearity, numerical method, analytical solution
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739119045892
REFERENCES
1. Rybakov, À.P., Osnovy bestransheynykh tekhnologiy. Teoriya i praktika (Principles of Trenchless Technologies. Theory and Practice), Moscow: Press Byuro.
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3. Danilov, B.B. and Smolyanitsky, B.N., Methods to Gain Better Efficiency of Driving Steel Pipes into the Ground by the Pneumatic Hammers, J. Min. Sci., 2005, vol. 41, no. 6, pp. 566–572.
4. Smolyanitsky, B.N., Oparin, V.N., Denisova, E.V., Kondratenko, A.S., Tishchenko, I.V., Smolentsev, A.S., Khmelinin, A.P., and Konurin, A.I., Sovremennyye tekhnologii sooruzheniya protyazhennykh skvazhin v gruntovykh massivakh i tekhnicheskiye sredstva kontrolya ikh trayektorii (Present-Day Technologies for Construction of Extended Boreholes in Soil Massifs and Technical Means for Controlling Their Trajectory), Novosibirsk: SO RAN, 2016.
5. Petreev, A.M. and Kondratenko, A.S., RF patent no. 2501913, Byull. Izobret., 2013, no. 35.
6. Tishchenko, I.V., Chervov, V.V., and Gorelov, À.I., Effect of Additional Vibration Exciter and Coupled Vibro-Percussion Units on Penetration Rate of Pipe in Soil, J. Min. Sci., 2013, vol. 49, no. 3, pp. 450–458.
7. Aleksandrova, N.I., Numerical-Analytical Investigation into Impact Pipe Driving in Soil with Dry Friction. Part II: Deformable External Medium, J. Min. Sci., 2013, vol. 49, no. 3, pp. 413–425.
8. Petreev, A.M. and Smolentsev, A.S., Blow Energy Transmission from a Striking Machine Element to a Pipe via Adaptor, J. Min. Sci., 2011, vol. 47, no. 6, pp. 787–797.
9. Tishchenko, I.V., Chervov, V.V., and Smolyanitsky, B.N., Evaluation of Layout of Air Drill Hammer with Smooth Adjustment of Impact Impulse Frequency, J. Min. Sci., 2017, vol. 53, no. 1, pp. 109–116.
10. Gileta, V.P., Vanag, Yu.V., and Tishchenko, I.V., Raising the Efficiency of Sinking by Vibropercussion Ramming, Vestn. KuzGTU, 2016, no. 6, pp. 82–89.
11. Aleksandrova, N.I., Influence of Soil Plug on Pipe Ramming Process, J. Min. Sci., 2017, vol. 53, no. 6, pp. 1073–1084.
12. Meskele, T. and Stuedlein, A., Attenuation of Pipe Ramming-Induced Ground Vibrations, J. Pipeline Systems Engineering and Practice, 2016, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 1–12.
13. Danilov, B.B., Increase in Efficiency of the Trenchless Underground Construction Methods by Using the Compressed Air Transfer, J. Min. Sci., 2007, vol. 43, no. 5, pp. 499–507.
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16. Isakov, A.L. and Kondratenko, A.S., RF certificate no. 2018664377, 2018.
17. Isakov, A.L. and Tkachuk, À.Ê., Classification and Design of Filling Pipes, J. Min. Sci., 2001, vol. 37, no. 6, pp. 598–603.
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20. Mametyev, L. Å., Drozdenko, Yu.V., and Lyubimov, Î.V., Justification of Horizontal Auger Flight Transportability, GIAB, 2011, no. 5, pp. 22–25.
21. Zaglyadov, P.V., Improving Design of Soil Abrasion Device for Plug Removal in Trenchless Laying of Service Lines, Khimiya. Ekologiya. Urbanistika, 2018, vol. 1, pp. 383–385.
22. Kondratenko, À.S., Timonin, V.V, Abirov, À.À., Gosmanov, Ì.Ê., Esenov, B.U., and Zharkenov, Å.B., Technology for Safe Construction of Trenchless Horizontally Inclined Holes, Vestn. KuzGTU, 2014, no. 1, pp. 40–44.
23. Danilov, B.B., Kondratenko, À.S., Smolyanitsky, B.N., and Smolentsev, A.S., Improvement of Pipe Pushing Method, J. Min. Sci., 2017, vol. 53, no. 3, pp. 478–483.
ROCK FAILURE
SIMULATING EXPLOSIVE EFFECT ON GAS-DYNAMIC STATE OF OUTBURST-HAZARDOUS COAL BAND
V. N. Odintsev and I. E. Shipovskii
Academician Melnikov Institute of comprehensive Exploitation of Mineral Resources,
Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 111020 Russia
e-mail: Odin-VN@yandex.ru
The preparation mechanism for gas-dynamic fracture of outburst-hazardous coal band during an explosive effect on a coal seam is considered. The conditions for crack formation in the zone farthest from the blasthole are studied, as well as simulation of induced cracks filling with methane, which was initially in coal in a dissolved state, and estimation of the start time for crack development due to the pressure of free methane. It is found that, depending on the mechanical and diffusion parameters of coal, the start time for crack development can vary from tens of seconds to many hours. The study results can be useful in developing a theory of explosive effect on a coal seam in a set of measures to reduce the risk of sudden outbursts of coal and gas.
Crushed coal, coal and gas outbursts, explosive effect, methane-bearing seam, prefracture, computer simulation
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739119045904
REFERENCES
1. Mineev, S., Yanzhula, O., Hulai, O., Minieiev, O., and Zabolotnikova, V., Application of Shock Blasting Mode in Mine Roadway Construction, Mining of Mineral Deposits, 2016, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 91–96.
2. Chang, W.B., Fan, S.W., Zhang, L., and Shu, L.Y., A Model Based on Explosive Stress Wave and Tectonic Coal Zone which Gestate Dangerous State of Coal and Gas Outburst, J. of the China Coal Society, 2014, vol. 39, no. 11, pp. 2226–2231.
3. Fan, X.G., Wang, H.T., Yuan, Z.G., and Xu, H.X., The Analysis on Pre-Splitting Blasting to Improve Permeability Draining Rate in Heading Excavation, Chongqing Daxue Xuebao, J. of Chongqing University, 2010, vol. 33, no. 9, pp. 69–73.
4. Xie, Z., Zhang, D., Song, Z., Li, M., Liu, C., and Sun, D., Optimization of Drilling Layouts Based on Controlled Presplitting Blasting through Strata for Gas Drainage in Coal Roadway Strips, Energies, 2017, vol. 10, no. 8, pp. 1–13.
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10. An, F.H. and Cheng, Y. P. An Explanation of Large-Scale and Gas Outburst in Underground Coal Mines: The Effect of Low-Permeability Zones on Abnormally Abundant Gas, Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 2014, vol. 14, pp. 2125–2132.
11. Trubetskoy, Ê.N., Ruban, À.D., Viktorov, S.D., Malinnikova, Î.N., Odintsev, V.N., Kochanov, À.N., and Uchaev, D.V., Fractal Structure of Disturbance of Bituminous Coals and their Proneness to Gas-Dynamic Fracture, DAN, 2010, vol. 431, no. 6, p. 818.
12. Verma, H.K., Samadhiya, N.K., Singh, M. and Prasad, V. V. R., Blast Induced Damage to Surrounding Rock Mass in an Underground Excavation, J. Geol. Res. and Eng., 2014, vol. 2, pp. 13–18.
13. Kochanov, À.N. and Odintsev, V.N., Wave Prefracturing of Solid Rocks under Blasting, J. Min. Sci., 2016, vol. 52, no. 6, pp. 1080–1089.
14. Klishin, V.I., Tatsienko, À.L., and Opruk, G.Yu., Innovative Methods for Intensifying Degassing of Coal Seams from Development Entries, Vestn. KuzGTU, 2017, no 6 (124), pp. 89–97.
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18. Smirnov, V.G., Dyrdin, V.V., Ismagilov, Z.R., and Kim, Ò.L., Influence of Gas Hydrate Decomposition on Crack Growth in a Coal Mass in Front of Development Face, Gornyi Zhurnal, 2016, no. 3, pp. 96–103.
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20. Alekseev, À.D., Vasilenko, Ò.À., Gumenik, Ê.V., Kalugina, N.À., and Fel’dman, E.P., Diffusion-Filtration Model of Methane Release from a Coal Seam, ZhTF, 2007, vol. 77, no. 4, pp. 65–74.
21. Malinnikova, Î.N., Odintsev, V.N., and Trofimov, V.À., Assessment of Methane Recovery Conditions of Coal at Microstructure Level, GIAB, 2009, no. 11, pp. 189–204.
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23. Vasilenko, Ò.À., Kirillov, À.Ê., Molchanov, À.N., Vishnyakov, À.V., and Ponomarenko, D.À., Temperature Influence on Diffusion Parameters of the “Coal-Gas” System, Geotekhnicheskaya Mekhanika, 2012, no. 98, pp. 41–48.
24. Nazarova, L.À., Nazarov, L.À., Polevshchikov, G. Ya., and Rodin, R.I., Inverse Problem Solution for Estimating Gas Content and Gas Diffusion Coefficient of Coal, J. Min. Sci., 2012, vol. 48, no. 5, pp. 781–788.
MODELS OF LONGITUDINAL COLLISION OF BARS WITH NONPARALLEL FACES
V. E. Erem’yants
Kyrgyz–Russian Slavic University, Institute of Science of Machines,
National Academy of Sciences, Kyrgyz Republic
Bishkek, 720000 Kyrgyz Republic
e-mail: eremjants@inbox.ru
A model of the longitudinal collision of bars having nonparallel impact faces proposed by V. B. Sokolinsky, in which the contact characteristic is described by a quadratic dependence, is considered. Longitudinal stresses in bars correspond to experimental data only at the angles of impact faces being off-set less than 0.5°. At angles greater than 1°, the discrepancy between the theoretical and experimental results reaches 20%. The obtained values of the moment at faces of the bars do not correspond to the experiment. A model is proposed, where stress distribution along the radius of the contact surface of bars obeys a linear law. The dependence of contact forces and the moment at faces of bars on the angle of impact faces offset and their local contact deformations is obtained. The changes in longitudinal stresses with time are determined in bars. This model gives the results closer to the experiment in comparison with V. B. Sokolinsky’s model and can be used to estimate the maximum allowable angles of the impact faces offset when designing and operating percussion systems of drilling and breaking machines.
Elastic bars, longitudinal impact, nonparallel impact faces, angle of offset, longitudinal stresses
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739119045916
REFERENCES
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14. Batuev, G.S., Golubkov, Yu.V., Efremov, À.Ê., and Fedosov, À.À., Inzhenernye metody issledovaniya udarnykh protsessov (Engineering Methods of Studying Impact Processes), Moscow: Mashinostroenie, 1969.
HIGH-SPEED IMAGE ANALYSIS OF THE ROCK FRACTURE PROCESS UNDER THE IMPACT OF BLASTING
M. W. Tang and Y. C. Ding
Institute of Mineral Resources Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology,
Taipei, Taiwan, R. O. C.
e-mail: tang0543@gmail.com
The purpose of this paper was to observe the generation, development, and extent impact of rock fissures under the blasting process; the failure process of rock under the gases expansion pressure. The latest high-speed camera, producing about 30,000 frames per second (each grid was 32 μs, and exposure time 4 μs), was used to capture the failure process of rock in blasting concrete specimens. The types of cracks and the rate of extended development in a quantitative way were recorded for observation, analysis, and verification of the failure mechanism of induced by blasting. The results showed that the gas expansion rate after blasting reached the maximum of about 200 μs and then gradually attenuated. As to the development rate of the fragmentation of rock after blasting, it reached the maximum of about 130 μs, and the attenuation then became gradual. It is concluded that high-speed photography provides meaningful scientific basis for study of the detonation theory of explosives, rock blasting fracture mechanism, analysis of blast effects, etc. Further improvement and research can be done on the control of the synchronous operation of blasting and photography, and the three-dimensional spatial analysis of the rock blasting process.
High-speed photography, rock blasting, failure mechanism
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739119045928
REFERENCES
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7. Qiang, N. I. U., Rock Blasting Mechanism, Shenyang: Northeast Institute of Technology Press, 1990.
MINERAL MINING TECHNOLOGY
SUBSTANTIATION OF GEOTECHNOLOGIES FOR UNDERGROUND ORE MINING BASED ON THE MODEL REPRESENTATIONS OF CHANGE IN THE NATURAL STRESS FIELD PARAMETERS
A. A. Neverov, S. A. Neverov, A. P. Tapsiev, S. A. Shchukin, and S. Yu. Vasichev
Chinakal Institute of Mining, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences,
Novosibirsk, 630091 Russia
e-mail nnn_aa@mail.ru
Biysk Gravel-Sand Pit, Shulginka village, Altai District, 59558 Russia
The geomechanical conditions of the mined and commissioned ore deposits are determined and systematized on the basis of their typification according to geological and structural features, which are characterized by a commonality of the patterns of stress distribution in an undisturbed rock mass. The area and maximum depth for applying certain geotechnologies in the framework of geomechanical models of the geomedium are established.
Rock mass, stress state, geomechanical model, mining systems, pillar, failure, stability, safety
DOI: 10.1134/S106273911904593X
REFERENCES
1. Bronnikov, D.N., Zamesov, N.F., and Bogdanov, G.I., Razrabotka rud na bol’shikh glubinkah (Deep-Level Ore Mining), Moscow: Nedra, 1982.
2. Zamesov, N.F., Ainbinder, I.I., Burtsev, L.I., Rodionov, Yu.I., Ovcharenko, Î.V., and Arshavskii, V.V., Razvitie intensivnykh metodov dobychi rud na bol’shikh glubinkah (Development of Intensive Methods for Deep-Level Ore Mining), Moscow: IPKON RAN SSSR, 1990.
3. Freidin, A.M., Neverov, À.À., and Neverov, S.À., Podzemnaya razrabotka rudnykh mestorozhdeniy (Underground Mining of Ore Deposits), Novosibirsk: IGD SO RAN, NGU, 2012.
4. Borshch-Komponiets, V.I. and Makarov, À.B., Gornoe davlenie pri otrabotke moshchnykh pologikh rudnykh zalezhey (Rock Pressure in Mining Thick Flat Ore Deposits), Moscow: Nedra, 1986.
5. Kurlenya, Ì.V., Eremenko, À.À., and Shrepp, B.V., Geomekhanicheskie problemy razrabotki zheleznorudnykh mestorozhdeniy Sibiri (Geomechanical Problems of Mining Siberian Iron Ore Deposits), Novosibirsk: Nauka, 2001.
6. Gal’perin, V.G., Yukhimov, Yu.I., and Barsuk, I.V., Opyt razrabotki mestorozhdeniy na bol’shikh glubinakh za rubezhom (Experience of Deep-Level Mining of Deposits in Foreign Countries), Moscow: TsNIIEITsM, 1986.
7. Podvishenskii, S.N., Iofin, S.L., Ivanovskii, E.S., and Gal’perin, V.G., Tekhnika i tekhnologiya dobychi rud za rubezhom (Procedures and Technology of Mining Ore in Foreign Countries), Moscow: Nedra, 1986.
8. Neverov, S.À., Types of Orebodies on the Basis of the Occurrence Depth and Stress State. Part I: Modern Concept of the Stress State versus Depth, J. Min. Sci., 2012, vol. 48, no. 2, pp. 249–259.
9. Neverov, S.À., Types of Orebodies on the Basis of the Occurrence Depth and Stress State. Part II: Orebody Tectonotypes and Models, J. Min. Sci., 2012, vol. 48, no. 3, pp. 421–428.
10. Kozyrev, À.À., Modern Results of an Experimental Study of Natural Stresses in the Upper Part of the Earth’s Crust and Problems of Rock Pressure, Geomechanics in Mining, Proc. of All-Rus. Sci. Tech. Conf. with Foreign Participants, Yekaterinburg: IGD UrO RAN, 2014.
11. Zubkov, À.V., Regularities of Forming Stress-Strain State of the Urals Earth’s Crust over Time, Litosfera, 2010, no. 1, pp. 84–93.
12. Zoback, M.L., Zoback, M.D., and Adams, J., Global Patterns of Tectonic Stress Nature, Nature, 1989, vol. 341, no. 6240, pp. 291– 298.
13. Brady, B. and Bzown, E., Rock Mechanics for Underground Mining, Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2004.
14. Snelling, P.E., Godin, L., and McKinnon, S.D., The Role of Geologic Structure and Stress in Triggering Remote Seismicity in Creighton Mine, Sudbury, Canada, J. of Rock Mech. and Min. Sci., 2013, vol. 58, pp. 166–179.
15. Reiter, K. and Heidbach, O., 3-D Geomechanical-Numerical Model of the Contemporary Crustal Stress State in the Alberta Basin (Canada), Solid Earth, 2014, no. 5, pp. 1123–1149.
16. Heidbach, O., Tingay, M., Barth, A., Reinecker, J., Kurfe, D., and Muller, B., World Stress Map Second Ed., Based on the WSM Database Release, 2008, Helmholtz Centre Potsdam GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, 2009.
17. Zenkevich, Î., Metod konechnykh elementov v tekhnike (Finite-Element Method in Technics), Moscow: Mir, 1975.
18. Nazarov, L.À., Nazarova, L.À., Freidin, À.Ì., and Alimseitova, Zh.K., Estimating the Long-Term Pillar Safety for Room-and-Pillar Ore Mining, J. Min. Sci., 2006, vol. 42, no. 6, pp. 530–539.
19. Boltengagen, I.L., Koren’kov, E.N., Popov, S.N., and Freidin, À.Ì., Geomechanical Substantiation of the Parameters of a Continuous Chamber System of Mining with Caving of the Roof Rock, J. Min. Sci., 1997, vol. 33, no. 1, pp. 55–63.
20. Neverov, S.À. and Neverov, À.À., Geomechanical Assessment of Ore Drawpoint Stability in Mining with Caving, J. Min. Sci., 2013, vol. 49, no. 2, pp. 265–272.
21. Neverov, À.À., Geomechanical Assessment of Combination Geotechnology for Thick Flat-Dipping Ore Bodies, J. Min. Sci., 2014, vol. 50, no. 1, pp. 115–125.
22. Kazikaev, D.Ì., Geomekhanika podzemnoy razrabotki rud: uchebnik dlya vuzov (Geomechanics of Underground Ore Mining: Textbook for Colleges), Moscow: MGGU, 2005.
23. Turchaninov, I.À., Iofis, Ì.À., and Kasparyan, E.V., Osnovy mekhaniki gornykh porod (Foundations of Rock Mechanics), Leningrad: Nedra, 1989.
24. Baklashov, I.V., Deformirovanie i razrushenie porodnykh massivov (Deformation and Failure of Rock Masses), Moscow: Nedra, 1988.
25. Freidin, À.Ì., Vasichev, S.Yu., et al., RF patent no. 2454540, Byull. Izobret., 2012, no. 18.
TECHNOLOGIES FOR INCREASING EFFICIENCY OF SOLID MINERAL MINING WITH HYDRAULIC FRACTURING
S. V. Serdyukov, A. V. Patutin, T. V. Shilova, A. V. Azarov, and L. A. Rybalkin
Chinakal Institute of Mining, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences,
Novosibirsk, 630091 Russia
e-mail: ss3032@yandex.ru
New methods and technical solutions are developed to stimulate degassing of coal seams based on fixed bridges and to form impermeable protective screens in the vicinity of underground workings. The features of applying local hydraulic fracturing method to measure effective stresses acting in rock mass are investigated. Prototypes of devices for the equipment transportation along the horizontal section of an in-seam hole and implementation of transverse hydraulic fracturing under tangential load applied near the isolated interval are created.
Hydraulic fracturing, rock mass, stress state, impervious screen, stimulation of degassing, fracture
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739119045941
REFERENCES
1. Lu, S., Cheng, Y., Ma, J., and Zhang, Y., Application of In-Seam Directional Drilling Technology for Gas Drainage with Benefits to Gas Outburst Control and Greenhouse Gas Reductions in Daning Coal Mine, China, Nat Hazards, 2014, vol. 73, no. 3, pp. 1419–1437.
2. Kurlenya, Ì.V., Serdyukov, S.V., Patutin, À.V., and Shilova, Ò.V., Stimulation of Underground Degassing in Coal Seams by Hydraulic Fracturing Method, J. Min. Sci., 2017, vol. 53, no. 6, pp. 975–980.
3. Mills, K., Jeffrey, R., Black, D., Meyer, T., Carey, K., and Goddard, S., Developing Methods for Placing Sand-Propped Hydraulic Fractures for Gas Drainage in the Bulli Seam, Proc. of Underground Coal Operators’ Conference, Wollongong, Australia, 2006.
4. UltraTRAC. Tractor Conveys FMI Imager in One-Third of the Time Required for Drillpipe Logging. Available at: https://www.slb.com/resource-library/case-study/fe/ultratrac-spyglass-usa-cs.
5. Serdyukov, S.V., Degtyareva, N.V., Patutin, À.V., and Shilova, Ò.V., Open-Hole Multistage Hydraulic Fracturing System, J. Min. Sci., 2016, vol. 52, no. 6, pp. 180–186.
6. Polevshchikov, G.Ya, Trizno, S.K., and Mel’nikov, P.N., RF patent no. 2108464, Byull. Izobret., 1998, no. 31.
7. Kurlenya, Ì.V., Shilova, Ò.V., Serdyukov, S.V., and Patutin, À.V., Sealing of Coal Bed Methane Drainage Holes by Barrier Screening Method, J. Min. Sci., 2014, vol. 50, no. 4, pp. 814–818.
8. Serdyukov, S.V., Shilova, Ò.V., and Drobchik, À.N., Polymeric Insulating Composition for Impervious Screening in Rock Masses, J. Min. Sci., 2016, vol. 52, no. 4, pp. 826–833.
9. Serdyukov, S.V., Kurlenya, Ì.V., and Patutin, À.V., Hydraulic Fracturing for In Situ Stress Measurement, J. Min. Sci., 2016, vol. 52, no. 6, pp. 1031–1038.
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12. Rubtsova, Å.V. and Skulkin, À.À., On Methods for Indirectly Determining the Value of Closing Pressure of a Fracture during Measuring Hydrofracturing, InterExpo Geo-Sibir, vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 265–269.
IMPACT OF THE LENGTH OF MANOEUVERING ROADS OF. A. BUCKET WHEEL EXCAVATOR FOR WORKING TIMES IN THE SHORTWALL
M. Sowała, A. Strempski, J. Woźniak, and K. Pactwa
Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wroclaw, Poland
e-mail: justyna.wozniak@pwr.edu.pl
The article presents one of the possibilities of using a bucket wheel excavator technology (with a daily capacity of over 100,000 m3) when removing an overburden on the stabilised front in the opencast lignite mine. The influence of excavator manoeuvring movements on the choice of parameters of operational floors is discussed. The assessment of the efficiency of the work process was made, among other things, while maintaining the required safety conditions and geometric parameters of the working front. It has been shown that in the bucket wheel excavator’s over-elevation work with variable variants of vertical and horizontal division (for a given floor height), the length of manoeuvring roads on the operational front is more favourable than the working technology of the entire height of the floor.
Opencast mining, bucket wheel excavator, overburden, shortwall
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739119045953
REFERENCES
1. Galetakis, M. and Vasiliou, A., Selective Mining of Multiple-Layer Lignite Deposits, A Fuzzy Approach, Expert Systems with Applications, 2010, vol. 37, no. 6, pp. 4266–4275.
2. Galetakis, M. and Roumpos, C.A., Multi-Objective Response Surface Analysis for the Determination of the Optimal Cut-Off Quality and Minimum Thickness for Selective Mining of Multiple-Layered Lignite Deposits, Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 2015, vol. 37, no. 4, pp. 428–439.
3. Galetakis, M., Michalakopoulos, T., Bajcar, A., Roumpos, C., Lazar, M., and Svoboda, P., Project BEWEXMIN: Bucket Wheel Excavators Operating Under Difficult Mining Conditions Including Unmineable Inclusions and Geological Structures with Excessive Mining Resistance, Proc. of the 13th ISCSMAt Conference: Belgrade.
4. Kasztelewicz, Z., and Sikora, M., Zasady Doboru Koparek Wielonaczyniowych Dla Kopaln Odkrywkowych w Zaleznosci od Wystepujacych Parametrow Gorniczo-Geologicznych (in Polish), AGH, Krakow, 2012.
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6. Koziol, W. and Sosniak, E., Technologia Udostepniania i Eksploatacji Wegla w Polu Szczercow, Gornictwo i Geoinzynieria, 2011, vol. 35, no. 3, pp. 181–192.
7. Kozlowski, Z., Techniczno-Gornicza Analiza Efektow Pracy Roznych Typow Koparek Kolowych Pracujacych w KWB Belchatow, Gornictwo Odkrywkowe, 2003, vol. 45, nos. 2, 3, pp. 5–8.
8. Sowala, M., Analiza Technologii Pracy Koparki Nadkladowej SchRs 4600?50 w Pietrze o Wysokosci 26 m z Uwzglednieniem Zmiennego Podzialu Pionowego i Poziomego Zabierki, Unpublished Engineering Thesis, 2018.
BLOCK EXTRACTION OF HIMALAYAN ROCK SALT BY APPLYING CONVENTIONAL DIMENSION STONE QUARRYING TECHNIQUES
Y. Majeed, M. Z. Emad, G. Rehman, and M. Arshad
University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan
e-mail: yasirbinmajeed@gmail.com
Karakoram International University, Gilgit, Pakistan
A salt block is a regular prism of rock salt containing least undesirable cracks which is mainly used for carving artifacts especially salt lamps, tiles and other products. This research work is focused on the comparison of three common and simple dimension stone quarrying techniques including wedges and feathers, expansive cement, and controlled blasting methods for the extraction of rock salt block. The selected techniques were applied at the underground working face of Khewra Salt Mines (Punjab, Pakistan) to extract representative blocks in accordance with a predefined field experimental program. In order to find out the most suitable block extraction technique in terms of the quality of excavated salt blocks, physical and mechanical rock property tests were performed comprising of core recovery, uniaxial compressive strength, Brazilian tensile strength, dynamic Young’s modulus, quality and P-wave velocity. This paper statistically confirms that the rock salt blocks excavated by using wedges and feathers method have higher quality in comparison to the blocks obtained by expansive cement and controlled blasting techniques. Further the results of overall technique wise comparison are also discussed.
Rock salt, block extraction, wedges and feathers, expansive cement, controlled blasting, physico-mechanical rock properties
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739119045965
REFERENCES
1. Hustrulid, W. B. R.C., Underground Mining Methods: Engineering Fundamentals and International Case Studies, Littleton, Colo., Society for Mining, Metallurgy, and Exploration, 2001.
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MINE AEROGASDYNAMICS
STABILITY OF CONVECTIVE VENTILATION AFTER FAN SWITCHING-OFF IN MINES
B. P. Kazakov and A. V. Shalimov
Mining Institute, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Perm, 614007 Russia
e-mail: shalimovav@mail.ru
The stability of convective air motion in mine shafts after disactivating the draft source is investigated. Based on numerical simulation, it is found that the mine ventilation with natural draft is violated by the formation of air vortices extended along the shaft depth. The transverse profiles of motion velocity and air temperature are determined in approximation of a plane-parallel laminar flow of an incompressible medium with a vertical temperature gradient in the gravity field. Analytical calculations of the stability of the found flow to plane long-wave perturbations are carried out, as a result of which the value of critical Rayleigh parameter is obtained. A correction to the coefficient of air volume expansion allowing taking the hydrostatic compressibility of air into account is simulated. The dependence of the critical value of air temperature vertical gradient in the shaft, the excess of which leads to the formation of convective vortices and violation of through ventilation, is calculated.
Mine, shaft, natural draft, convection, depression, heat exchange, stability, volume expansion, hydrostatic compression
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739119045977
REFERENCES
1. Alymenko, N.I. and Nikolaev, À.V., Calculation of Equivalent Aerodynamic Resistence of Underground Part of Designed Mine to Determine Natural Draft between the Shafts, Geolog. Geofiz., 2010, no. 12, pp. 68–69.
2. Nikolaev, À.V., Analysis of Theoretical Formula Determining the Value of Natural Draft between Downcast and Ventilation Shafts, Geolog. Geofiz., 2019, no. 10, pp.72–75.
3. Levin, L.Yu., Semin, Ì.À., Klyukin, Yu.À., and Nakaryakov, Å.V., Investigation of Aero- and Thermodynamic Processes at the Initial Stage of Mine Through Ventilation, Vestn. PNIPU. Geolog. Neftegaz. Gorn. Delo, 2016, no. 21, pp. 367–377.
4. Kazakov, B.P. and Shalimov, A.V., On the Possibility of Mine Ventilation Using Natural Draft after Main Mine Fan Stoppage, Gornyi Zhurnal, 2013, no. 2, pp. 59–56.
5. Kazakov, B.P., Levin, L.Yu., Shalimov, A.V., and Zaitsev, À.V., Development of Energy-Saving Technologies to Provide Comfortable Microclimatic Conditions in Mining, Zap. Gorn. Inst., 2017, vol. 223, pp. 116–124.
6. Harris, W., Kadiayi, A., Macdonald, K., and Witow, D., Environmental Discharge Criteria and Dispersion Estimation for Mine Ventilation Exhaust Stacks, Proc. of the First Int. Conf. on Underground Mining Technology, Perth: Australian Centre for Geomechanics, 2017.
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11. Lobov, N.I., Influence of Longitudinal Forced Flow on Convection Stability in a Plane Vertical Layer with Internal Heat Sources, Izv. RAN. Mekh. Zhidk. Gaz., 2005, no. 2, pp. 14–17.
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14. Alloui, Z., Vasseur, P., and Reggio, M., Natural Convection of Nanofluids in a Shallow Cavity Heated from Below, Int. J. Thermal Sciences, 2011, vol. 50, no. 3, pp. 385–393.
15. Gershuni, G.Z., Zhukhovitskii, Å.Ì., and Nepomnyashchii, À.À., Ustoichivost konvektivnykh techeniy, (Stability of Convective Flows), Moscow: Nauka, 1989.
16. Kazakov, B.P., Shalimov, A.V., and Semin, M.A., Stability of Natural Ventilation Mode after Main Fan Stoppage, J. Heat Mass Transfer, 2015, vol. 86, pp.288–293.
17. Levin, L.Yu., Semin, Ì.À., and Zaitsev, À.V., Mathematical Methods of Forecasting Microclimate Conditions in an Arbitrary Layout Network of Underground Excavations, J. Min. Sci., 2014, vol. 50, no. 2, pp. 371–378.
MINERAL DRESSING
ENERGY EFFECTS ON STRUCTURAL AND CHEMICAL TRANSFORMATIONS OF BASE MINERALS OF EUDIALYTE CONCENTRATE IN NITRIC ACID LEACHING
V. A. Chanturia, E. V. Koporulina, V. G. Minenko, and A. L. Samusev
Academician Melnikov Research Institute for Comprehensive Exploitation
of Mineral Resources—IPKON, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 111020 Russia
e-mail: e_koporulina@mail.ru
Using the methods of X-ray phase analysis, analytical scanning electron microscopy and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, the influence of preliminary energy effects on transformations of eudialyte concentrate base minerals during nitric acid leaching, their micromorphology and phase composition of the surface is studied. It is found that preliminary mechanical activation of the concentrate provides a 34–45% increase in the recovery of zirconium and the sum of rare-earth metal oxides into pregnant solution. Electrochemical processing of mineral suspension during nitric acid leaching and, to a greater extent, ultrasound effects contribute to an additional increase in the recovery of these elements into pregnant solution by 12–23% due to the cleaning of mineral grain surface from amorphous phases and formation of structural inhomogeneities.
Nitric acid leaching, eudialyte concentrate, morphology, phase composition, zirconium, rare-earth metals, mechanical activation, energy effects
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739119045989
REFERENCES
1. Zakharov, V.I., Skiba, G.S., Solovyev, À.V., Lebedev, V.N., and Mayorov, D.V., Some Aspects of Eudialyte Acid Processing, Tsvet. Metally, 2011, no. 11, pp. 25–29.
2. Lebedev, V.N., Sulfuric Technology of Eudialyte Concentrate, ZhPKh, 2003, vol. 76, no. 10, pp. 1601–1605.
3. Lebedev, V.N., Shchur, T.E., Mayorov, D.V., Popova, L.À., and Serkova, R.P., Features of Acid Decomposition of Eudialyte and Some Rare Earth Metal Concentrates of the Kola Peninsula, ZhPKh, 2003, vol. 76, no. 8, pp. 1233–1237.
4. Zakharov, V.I., Voskoboynikov, N.B., Skiba, G.S., Solovyev, À.V., Mayorov, D.V., and Matveev, V.A., Development of Hydrochloric Acid Technology for Comprehensive Processing of Eudialyte, Zap. Gorn. Inst., 2005, vol. 165, pp. 83–85.
5. Davris, P., Stopic, S., Balomenos, E., Panias, D., Paspaliaris, I., and Friedrich,B., Leaching of Rare Earth Elements from Eudialyte Concentrate by Suppressing Silica Gel Formation, J. Min. Eng., 2017, vol. 108, pp. 115–122.
6. Johnsen, O., Ferraris, G., Gault, R., Grice, J., Kampf, A., and Pekov, I., The Nomenclature of Eudialyte-Group Minerals, Canadian Mineralogist, 2003, vol. 41, pp. 785–794.
7. Bogatyreva, Å.V., Chub, À.V., Ermilov, À.G., and Khokhlova, Î.V., Efficiency of Alkali-Acid Method of Comprehensive Leaching of Eudialyte Concentrate. Part I, Tsvet. Metally, 2018, no. 7, pp. 57–61.
8. Bogatyreva, Å.V., Chub, À.V., Ermilov, À.G., and Khokhlova, Î.V., Efficiency of Alkali-Acid Method of Comprehensive Leaching of Eudialyte Concentrate. Part II, Tsvet. Metally, 2018, no. 8, pp. 69–74.
9. Jha, M.K., Kumari, A., Panda, R., Kumar, J.R., Yoo, K., and Lee, J.Y., Review on Hydrometallurgical Recovery of Rare Earth Metals, Hydrometallurgy, 2016, vol. 165, pp. 2–26.
10. Ma, Y., Stopic, S., Gronen, L., and Friedrich, B., Recovery of Zr, Hf, Nb from Eudialyte Residue by Sulfuric Acid Dry Digestion and Water Leaching with H2O2 as a Promoter, Hydrometallurgy, 2018, vol. 181, pp. 206–214.
11. Ma, Y., Stopic, S., Gronen, L., Milivojevic, M., Obradovic, S., and Friedrich, B., Neural Network Modeling for the Recovery of Rare Earth Elements from Eudialyte Concentrate by Dry Digestion and Leaching, Metals, 2018, vol. 8, no. 4, p. 267.
12. Chanturia, V.A., Minenko, V.G., Samusev, A.L., Chanturia, E.L., and Koporulina, E.V., The Mechanism of Influence Exerted by Integrated Energy Impacts on Intensified Leaching of Zirconium and Rare Earth Elements from Eudialyte Concentrate, J. Min. Sci., 2017, vol. 53, no. 5, pp. 890–896.
13. Chanturia, V.A., Minenko, V.G., Samusev, A.L., Ryazantseva, M.V., and Koporulina, E.V., Influence Exerted by Ultrasound Processing on Efficiency of Leaching, Structural, Chemical, and Morphological Properties of Mineral Components in Eudialyte Concentrate, J. Min. Sci., 2018, vol. 54, no. 2, pp. 285–291.
14. Chanturia, V.A., Chanturia, E.L., Minenko, V.G., and Samusev, A.L., RF patent no. 2674183, MPK S22V 3/02, S22V 3/04, Byull. Izobret., 2018, no. 34.
15. Khokhlova, Î.V., Increasing the Efficiency of Alkaline-Acid Method for Comprehensive Leaching of Eudialyte Concentrate, Candidate of Tech. Sci. Thesis, Moscow, 2018.
16. Chizhevskaya, S.V., Povetkina, Ì.V., Chekmarev, À.Ì., and Avvakumov, Å.G., Effect of Mechanical Activation on Zirconium Silicate Decomposition by Mineral Acids, Khimiya v interesakh ustoychivogo razvitiya, 1998, vol. 6, pp. 199–205.
17. Rastsvetaeva, R.Ê., Structural Mineralogy of Eudialyte Group. A Review, Kristallografiya, 2007, vol. 52, no. 1, pp. 50–67.
18. Tarkhanov, À.V., Kurkov, À.V., and Ilyin, À.Ê., Prospects for Developing Complex Rare Metal-Rare-Earth Eudialyte Ores of the Lovozero Deposit, Gornyi Zhurnal, 2012, no. 4, pp. 54–56.
19. Sveshnikova, Å.V. and Burova, Ò.À., Minerals of Eudialyte Group and Catapleite from Nepheline Syenites of the Yenissey Ridge, Works of A. E. Fersman Mineralogical Museum, 1965, no. 16, pp. 187–197.
20. Borutskii, B.Å., Articles on Fundamental and Genetic Mineralogy. Nonstoichiometric Minerals with a Variable Structure and Problems of Speciation in Mineralogy. Eudialyte-Eucolites, Novye dannye o mineralakh, 2008, no. 43, pp. 149–174.
MINERALOGICAL AND GEOCHEMICAL FEATURES OF NATIVE GOLD IN COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF COAL FROM THE ERKOVETSKY DEPOSIT (UPPER AMUR REGION)
A. P. Sorokin, A. A. Konyushok, O. A. Ageev, and V. M. Kuz’minykh
Institute of Geology and Nature Management, Far East Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences,
Blagoveshchensk, 675000 Russia
e-mail: igip@ascnet.ru
Amur Science Center, Far East Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences,
Blagoveshchensk, 675000 Russia
e-mail: amurnc@ascnet.ru
A bulk coal sample from the Erkovetsky deposit is studied at Amur experimental and engineering facility. Separate fractions of coal combustion products (slag, fly ash, and sludge) are obtained for the first time, in which the morphology, fineness of gold and composition of inclusions have been studied. A consistent decrease in gold size and content is determined after coal combustion, transportation in a gas-smoke stream, and subsequent condensation. A comparative analysis of gold in the combustion products of coal and in ore bodies of the mountain-folded framing of the Zeya-Bureya basin is carried out, the ways of gold migration to peat bogs are considered.
Experimental and engineering facility, separate acquisition of combustion products, native gold, extraction, gold sources, mechanisms of gold migration to peat bogs
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739119045990
REFERENCES
1. Dai, S. and Finkelman, R.B., Coal as a Promising Source of Critical Elements: Progress and Future Prospects, J. of Coal Geology, 2018, vol. 186, pp. 155–164.
2. Sorokin, À.P., Rozhdestvina, V.I., Kuz’minykh, V.Ì., Zhmodik, S.Ì., Anokhin, G.N., and Mit’kin, V.N., Patterns of Formation of Noble and Rare Metal Mineralization in the Cenozoic Coal-Bearing Deposits of the Far East, Geolog. Geofiz., 2013, vol. 54, no. 7, pp. 876–893.
3. Seredin, V.V., Distribution and Conditions for Noble Metal Mineralization Formation in Coal-Bearing Basins, Geolog. Rudn. Mestorozhd., 2007, vol. 49, no. 1, pp. 3–36.
4. Lavrik, N. À., Noble Metals in Brown Coals of Sutara Exposure, GIAB, 2009, vol. 5, no. 12, pp. 70–78.
5. Shishov, Å.P. and Chernyshev, À.À., Metal Content of Brown Coals of the Middle Amur Coal-Bearing Area, Region. Geolog. Metallog., 2017, no. 69, pp. 96–106.
6. Cherepanov, À.À., Noble Metals in Ash-Slag Waste of the Far Eastern CHP, Tikhookean. Geolog., 2008, vol. 27, no. 2, pp. 16–28.
7. Rasskazova, À.V., Lavrik, N. À., Litvinova, N.Ì., and Bogomyakov, R.V., Study of Gold Distribution in Ash-Slag Waste Material, GIAB, 2016, no. S21, pp. 282–296.
8. Prokhorov, Ê.V., Bogomyakov, R.V., Lavrik, N. À. and Litvinova, N.Ì., On the Question of Gold Extraction from Magnetic Concentrate of Ash-Slag Material, GIAB, 2016, no. S21, pp. 272–281.
9. Àgeev, Î.À., Sorokin, À.P., Borisov, V.N., and Zubenko, I.À., Experimental and Engineering Facility Amur for Obtaining Separate Products of Coal Combustion, in: Comprehensive Use of Lignite and Hard Coal Potential and Creation of Combined Environmentally Friendly Mining Technologies, Proc. of All-Russian Conf. with Foreign Participation, Blagoveshchensk, 2017.
10. Sorokin, À.P., Konyushok, À.À., Kuz’minykh, V. Ì., Artemenko, Ò.V., and Popov, À.À., Distribution of Cenozoic Metalliferous Coal-Bearing Deposits in the Zeya-Bureya Sedimentary Basin (Eastern Siberia): Tectonic Reconstruction and Paleogeographic Analysis, Geotektonika, 2019, no. 2, pp. 33–45.
11. Kuznetsova, I.V., Geology, Finely Dispersed and Nanosized Gold in Placer Minerals of Nizhneselemdzhinsky Gold-Bearing Belt (Priamurye), Cand. Geol. Min. Sci. Thesis, Blagoveshchensk: IGiP DVO RAN, 2011.
12. Nekrasov, I.Ya., Geokhimiya, mineralogiya i genezis zolotorudnykh mestorozhdenii (Geochemistry, Mineralogy and Genesis of Gold Ore Deposits), Moscow: Nauka, 1991.
13. Varshal, G. Ì., Velyukhanova, Ò.Ê., Koshcheeva, I.Ya., Baranova, N.N., Kozerenko, S.V., Galuzinskaya, À.Kh., Safronova, N.S., and Bannykh, L.N., On the Concentration of Noble Metals by Carbonaceous Matter of Rocks, Geokhimiya, 1994, no. 6, pp. 814–824.
14. Shpirt, Ì.Ya., Lavrinenko, À.À., Kuznetsova, I.N., and Gyul’maliev, À.Ì., Thermodynamic Estimation of Compounds of Gold, Silver, and Other Microelements Forming in Lignite Combustion, Khim. Tverd. Tela, 2013, no. 5, pp. 11–19.
GOLD LEACHING WITH HUMIC SUBSTANCES
A. V. Zashikhin and M. L. Sviridova
Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences,
Krasnoyarsk, 660036 Russia
e-mail: chem@icct.ru
The study results of gold leaching using the products of humic acids, as well as stage-by-stage fractionation of parent and gold-containing substances of these acids are presented. The gold content in the pregnant solution was up to 14–30 mg/l. Ñhemical analysis of the supernatant obtained by a stepwise change in pH of the solution and subsequent centrifugation determined that gold-bearing acids contain both organic and dissolved gold, which is stable to precipitation at pH 2. Fractionation of the original humic acids and subsequent leaching of gold by its individual fractions slows down the dissolution kinetics, and the fractions distinguished at different pH vary significantly in their activity. The most active is the fraction obtained by centrifugation at pH value of 4.6. The spectrum is presented, and the kinetics of gold dissolution by these acids modified by the cyanide complex is shown.
Humic acids, leaching, gold, fractionation
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739119046002
REFERENCES
1. Mineev, G.G., Biometallurgiya zolota (Biometallurgy of Gold), Moscow: Metallurgiya, 1989.
2. Mineev, G.G. and Panchenko, À.F., Rastvoriteli zolota i serebra v gidrometallurgii (Gold and Silver Solvents in Hydrometallurgy) Moscow: Metallurgiya, 1994.
3. Mpinga, C.N., Eksteen, J.J., Aldrich, C., and Dyer, L., Direct Leach Approaches to Platinum Group Metal (PGM) Ores and Concentrates, J. Min. Eng., 2015, vol. 78, pp. 93–113.
4. Aylmore, M.G., Alternative Lixiviants to Cyanide for Leaching Gold Ores, Gold Ore Processing, 2016.
5. Bakhir, V.Ì., Buchikhin, Å.P., Nesterov, Ê.N., and Pal’val’, I. À., Processing Tailings of Placer Gold Deposits (Black Sands) with Iodine-Iodide Solutions, Zolotodobycha, 2018, no. 4, pp. 10–15.
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CONTRIBUTION TO IMPROVE WATER PROCESS RECYCLING IN THE FLOTATION PLANT OF. A. COMPLEX ZN-PB-CU SULPHIDE ORE
A. Abidi, Kh. Boujounoui, Kh. El Amari, A. Bacaoi, and A. Yaacoubi
Mining Institute of Marrakech (IMM), B.P. 2402, 40000 Marrakech, Morocco,
Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, department of chemistry, BP 2390, 40000 Marrakech, Morocco
Laboratoire Georessources, Unite associee au CNRST (URAC 42), Faculte des Sciences et Techniques Marrakech, B.P.549. 40000 Marrakech, Morocco
e-mail: k.elamari@uca.ma
Moroccan Mining Company of Guemassa (MCG) produces from a complex sulphide ore three concentrates using Aerophine 3418A in the flotation circuits of galena and chalcopyrite and potassium amyl xanthate for sphalerite recovery. Water scarcity in the flotation plant area imposes to think of reducing fresh water use by recycling the tailing water process. Substitution of PAX by Aerophine 3418A in the zinc circuit will result in a tailing water process containing one kind of collector which could be easily controlled and recycled in the overall MCG plant. Optimizing and modeling study using experimental design methodology showed that the targeted substitution of PAX in MCG plant is possible: at flotation time of 5 min; 40 g/t of collector; 200 g/t of CuSO4 and pH of 12, Aerophine 3418A is more selective toward Fe than PAX. Zinc recovery reached 72% when flotation time was extended to 15 minutes.
Aerophine 3418a, flotation, optimization, potassium amyl xanthate (pax), semi-arid climate, substitution, water process recycling
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739119046014
REFERENCES
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MOISTURE-RETAINING PROPERTIES OF ROCKS IN ASCENDING CAPILLARY LEACHING
A. G. Mikhailov, M. Yu. Kharitonova, I. I. Vashlaev, and M. L. Sviridova
Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences,
Krasnoyarsk, 660036 Russia
e-mail: mag@icct.ru
The moisture-retaining properties of rocks in the rock mass are considered at ascending capillary leaching. The dependences of the moisture capacity of disperse material of flotation tailings at ascending motion of solutions are found. The dependence of specific moisture capacity and specific moisture-yielding ability of finely dispersed material at water, pH-neutral, and capillary filtration on the grain size and level of feeding water solutions to the rock mass is revealed. Based on a laboratory experiment, the specific parameters of capillary ascending filtration for the tailing dump are calculated with regard to moisture-capacity properties of the rock mass.
Ascending capillary leaching, tailings, small deposits, nonferrous and noble metals, specific moisture retention, specific moisture-yielding ability
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739119046026
REFERENCES
1. Dixon, D.G., Heap Leach Modelling—Current State of the Art., Fifth International Conference in Honor of Professor Ian Ritchie, TMS, The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society, 2003.
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4. Antonijevic, M.M., Dimitrijevic, M.D., Stevanovic, Z.O., Serbula, S.M., and Bogdanovic, G.D., Investigation of the Possibility of Copper Recovery from the Flotation Tailings by Acid Leaching, J. Hazardous Materials, 2008, vol. 158, no. 1, pp. 23–34.
5. Petersen, J. and Dixon, D.G., Modeling Zinc Heap Bioleaching, Hydrometallurgy, 2007, vol. 85, nos. 2–4, pp. 127–143.
6. Mellado, M.E., Casanova, M.P., Cisternas, L.A., and Galvez, E.D., On Scalable Analytical Models for Heap Leaching, Computers & Chemical Engineering, 2011, vol. 35, nos. 2, 9, pp. 220–225.
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11. Begalinov, À.B., Serdaliev, Å.Ò., Iskakov, Å.Å., and Amanzholov, D.B., Shock Blasting of Ore Stockpiles by Low-Density Explosive Charges, J. Min. Sci., 2013, vol. 49, no. 6, pp. 926–931.
12. Klyushnikov, A.Ì., Sulphuric-Acid Leaching of Ural Oxidized Nickel Ore with Sodium Sulfite and Fluoride Additives, J. Min. Sci., 2018, vol. 54, no. 1, pp. 141–146.
13. Chanturia, V.A., Bunin, I.Zh., Ryazantseva, Ì.V., Chanturia, Å.L., Samusev, À.L., Koporulina, Å.V., and Anashkina, N.Å., Intensification of Eudialyte Concentrate Leaching by Nanosecond High-Voltage Pulses, J. Min. Sci., 2018, vol. 54, no. 4, pp. 646–655.
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16. Mikhailov, A.G., Kharitonova, Ì.Yu., Vashlaev, I.I., and Sviridova, Ì.L., Method to Make Nests of Useful Components by Way of Accumulation, J. Min. Sci., 2016, vol. 52, no. 3, pp. 656–568.
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STUDY OF ULTRASOUND EFFECTS ON FLOTATION SELECTIVITY IN WASTE PROCESSING AT THE YAROSLAVSKY MINING COMPANY
L. A. Kienko, O. V. Voronova, and S. A. Kondrat’ev
Institute of Mining, Far East Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Khabarovsk, 680000 Russia
Chinakal Institute of Mining, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630091 Russia
e-mail Kondr@misd.ru
The processability of production waste of Yaroslavsky Mining Company is studied. The features of processing characteristics of secondary raw materials are estimated. The methods to eliminate the negative effects caused by residues of primary processing reagents and new formations on mineral particles are considered. The efficiency of ultrasound pulp treatment aimed at renewal of mineral particle surface and desorption of surface coatings is shown. Experimental data are presented, which indicate an increase in the selectivity of fluorite and calcite separation from the primary operations of a flow chart. A comparative analysis of the flotation kinetics using the standard model and the flow chart with ultrasound pulp pretreatment indicates an increase in the process speed with a simultaneous selectivity growth. It is found that fluorite extraction to concentrates with 93.48% of CaF2 and the use of ultrasound treatment of flotation feed reaches 60.27–64.43%, and with 95.67% of CaF2—49.82%.
Man-made raw materials, fluorite, calcite, ultrasound treatment, desorption, selectivity
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739119046038
REFERENCES
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12. Letmahe, C., Benker, B., and Gunther, L., Intensification of Foam Flotation Using Ultrasound, Aufbereitungs Technik, 2002, vol. 43, no. 4, pp. 32–40.
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NEW METHODS AND INSTRUMENTS IN MINING
DEVELOPMENT AND IMPROVEMENT OF BOREHOLE METHODS FOR ESTIMATING AND MONITORING STRESS–STRAIN BEHAVIOR OF ENGINEERING FACILITIES IN MINES
M. V. Kurlenya, V. D. Baryshnikov, D. V. Baryshnikov, L. N. Gakhova, V. G. Kachal’sky, and A. P. Khmelinin
Chinakal Institute of Mining, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences,
Novosibirsk, 630091 Russia
e-mail: vbar@misd.ru
The software and hardware tools for the instrumental estimation and control of the geomechanical state of engineering facilities are presented. A description of the proposed technique for measuring radial and longitudinal displacements of check borehole contour is given. A research methodology and interpretation of experimental data with analysis and monitoring of the stress-strain state of engineering facilities are proposed. The results of testing the developed software and hardware in the conditions of industrial enterprises are presented.
Displacement, deformation, stress-strain state, borehole strain gauge, inclinometer, instrumental monitoring, rock mass, reinforced concrete lining
DOI: 10.1134/S106273911904604X
REFERENCES
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