JMS, Vol. 55, No. 1, 2019
GEOMECHANICS
FEATURES OF HYDRAULIC FRACTURING PROPAGATION NEAR FREE SURFACE IN ISOTROPIC POROELASTIC MEDIUM
A. V. Azarov, M. V. Kurlenya, S. V. Serdyukov, and A. V. Patutin
Chinakal Institute of Mining, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences,
Novosibirsk, 630091 Russia
e-mail: antonazv@mail.ru
Numerical modeling results are presented for propagating an axially symmetric crack formed due to hydraulic fracturing near the free surface in the isotropic poroelastic medium. The extended finite element method based on phantom nodes and cohesive model of material failure was used to solve this problem. Trajectories of the crack growth are calculated for different distances from the free surface under injection of certain volume of working fluid with regard to its leakage. The influence exerted by impermeable boundary on the hydraulic fracturing propagation is studied.
Hydraulic fracturing, mathematical modeling, working fluid leakages, pore pressure
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739119015216
REFERENCES
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MAXIMUM STRENGTH OF OPENING IN CRACK-WEAKENED ROCK MASS
V. M. Mirsalimov
Azerbaijan Technical University, Baku, AZ1073 Azerbaijan
e-mail: mir-vagif@misd.ru
Institute of Mathematics and Mechanics, Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences, Baku, Azerbaijan
Based on the uniform strength and minimized stress intensity factor, the maximum strength shape of an opening in rock mass is theoretically analyzed. The criterion and solution method are proposed for the problem on prevention of failure in rock mass with opening under the action of tectonic forces and gravity. The constructed closed system of algebraic equations enables minimization of stress intensity factors depending on mechanical and geometrical parameters of rock mass.
Rock mass, maximum strength opening, crack, stress intensity factor, stress state minimization
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739119015228
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MODELING SHOCK WAVE PROCESSES IN. A. MINE OPENING WITH PERMEABLE BARRIERS
V. M. Fomin, B. V. Postinkov, V. A. Kolotilov, V. S. Shalaev, Yu. V. Shalaev, and N. F. Florya
Khristianovich Institute of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics, Siberian Branch,
Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630090 Russia
e-mail: fomin@itam.nsc.ru
Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, 630090 Russia
e-mail: b.postnikov@nsu.ru
Shaktpozharservis Research and Production, Kemerovo, 650000 Russia
e-mail: florya@shps.ru
The results of numerical modeling of intense shock wave propagation after explosion in a mine opening with permeable screen are presented. The problem is solved in the equilibrium non-viscous formulation without regard to chemical reactions and with averaged composition of mine air. It is shown that for a screen composed of four similar permeable barriers arranged as a labyrinth, the incoming shock wave has a strongest impact on the first barrier. As a consequence of weakening of the shock wave front on the first barrier, the rest barriers experience much less loading. In order to decrease peak loads on a load-bearing frame, it is necessary to reduce areas of flat front surfaces of metal structures.
Shock wave, mine opening, explosion, permeable barrier
DOI: 10.1134/S106273911901524X
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DETERMINATION OF MOST SUITABLE WORKING HEIGHT OF POWERED ROOF SUPPORT CONSIDERING ROOF STRESSES
M. E. Yetkin and F. Şimşir
Dokuz Eylül University, Buca-Izmir, 353900 Turkey
e-mail: mustafa.yetkin@deu.edu.tr
In order to meet the increasing demand for coal, longwalls having large working heights up to 7.3 m are being operated worlwide. As the working heights increase, the load-bearing capacities of powered roof supports used at such longwalls are to be raised too. From a powered roof support it is expected that it safely °bears the roof loads and transmits them to the footwall at different working heights. This article presents the results of numerical analyses on roof stresses at different longwall working heights. In order to determine the most suitable longwall working height, average stress distributions that occur on roof and gob zones are calculated for different longwall working heights. For this purpose, numerical models are built up and the procedure is applied to a real-life underground coal mine. Six distinct longwalls are modeled considering rock mass properties and working heights. In conclusion, the most suitable longwall working height for the mine under study is determined considering stresses occurring on roof strata and the gob zone.
Powered roof support, working height, numerical modeling
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739119015251
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ROCK FAILURE
THE GRAIN SIZE DISTRIBUTION OF BLASTED ROCK
T. Fraszczak, T. Mütze, B. Lychatz, O. Ortlepp, and U. A. Peuker
Institute of Mechanical Process Engineering and Mineral Processing, Technical University Bergakademie,
Freiberg, 09599 Germany
e-mail: Tony.Fraszczak@mvtat.tu-freiberg.de
Institute of Iron and Steel Technology, Technical University Bergakademie Freiberg, Germany
Wunschendorfer Dolomitwerk GmbH, Wünschendorf/Elster, Germany
The determination of the grain size distribution of blasted rock exceeds the capability of an analytical sieving machine which only gives reliable results within a range of 63 μm to 125 mm. Other sophisticated methods are often not available for particle size measurement in coarse-grained applications in medium scale mining. Therefore, an alternative low cost method to investigate the grain sizes of blasted rock is introduced which can cover a range from 63 µm at the lower end without an upper limit. Three different options to examine blasted dolomite grains are investigated and combined with sieve analysis to determine a complete sieving equivalent grain size distribution. Comparison with results of a technical sieving shows that this method gives a good approximation of the size distribution, improving the possibilities for design of mineral processing equipment.
Rock blasting, grain size distribution, dolomite, sieve plant, jaw crusher
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739119015263
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17. Fraszczak, T., Mütze, T., Peuker, U.A., Lychatz, B., and Ortlepp, O., Optimizing an Existing Dolomite Processing Plant, Cem. Int., 2016, vol. 14, no. 5, pp. 44–50.
APPLICATION OF TEXTURAL FEATURES IN THE ANALYSIS OF BREAKSTONE GRADING
A. I. Makarov, V. A. Ermakov, and D. A. Ekimov
Institute of Physics and Technology, Petrozavodsk State University,
Petrozavodsk, 185910 Russia
Department of Multidisciplinary Scientific Research, Karelian Research Center,
Russian Academy of Sciences, Petrozavodsk, 185910 Russia
e-mail: edmitr2007@mail.ru
Accuracy of breakstone grain-size analysis using digital images in the initial method and its modification based on algorithm proposed by D. Rubin is compared. A modification with averaging offeatures in all directions and the method with a classification feature represented by difference of intensity distribution functions of fragment projections are described. The results obtained using these methods in a series of tests on grading of five breakstone fractions measured in a certified laboratory. It is shown that the modified method by D. Rubin with averaging in all directions provides the highest accuracy.
Grain size composition, autocorrelation function, texture approach
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739119015275
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1. RF State Standard GOST 8269.0–97. Breaktsone and Gravel from Dense Rocks and Production Waste for Construction. Methods of Physico-Mechanical Tests. Moscow: Gosstroi Rossii, 1998.
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MINERAL MINING TECHNOLOGY
DEVELOPMENT OF. A. MATCH FACTOR AND COMPARISON OF ITS APPLICABILITY WITH ANT-COLONY ALGORITHM IN. A. HETEROGENEOUS TRANSPORTATION FLEET IN AN OPEN-PIT MINE
A. Dabbagh and R. Bagherpour
Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 8415683111 Iran
e-mail: a.dabbagh@mi.iut.ac.ir
e-mail: bagherpour@cc.iut.ac.ir
In a transportation fleet in open-pit mines, the match factor is defined between loading and dumping vehicles. This factor helps in indicating the number of vehicles that depend on each other. In this study, a new parameter termed the «detailed match factor» is developed to improve the transportation fleet and relationships are deduced to control the production and grade. A transportation fleet model was simulated for a typical iron ore mine and was solved using both the detailed match factor and ant-colony algorithm methods. The detailed match factor helped in increasing the production by 10.6%.
Queuing, open pit mine, detailed match factor, dispatching, ant-calony algorithm
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739119015287
REFERENCES
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21. Bissiri, Y., Application of Agent-Based Modelling to Truck–Shovel Dispatching in Open-Pit Mines, Ph.D. Min. Eng. Thesis, British Columbia, 2002.
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EVALUATION OF DRUM SHEARER CAPACITY IN COAL SEAM WITH VARIABLE GEOMECHANICAL AND GEOTECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS
A. A. Ordin, V. V. Okol’nishnikov, S. V. Rudometov, and A. A. Metel’kov
Institute of Computational Technologies, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences,
Novosibirsk, 630090 Russia
e-mail: ordin@misd.ru
e-mail: okoln@mail.ru
Chinakal Institute of Mining, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences,
Novosibirsk, 630091 Russia
Giprougol, Novosibirsk, 630015 Russia
Using inverse distance weighting (IDW), the model of a coal seam with distributed geological and geomechanical characteristics is developed. The hyperbolic dependences of the drum shearer advance speed and capacity on the coal seam thickness are found. Influence of coal sloughing coefficient on drum shearer capacity is assessed. Using the specialized library of MTSS, the integrated model of process flows in coal face area is developed. It is found that there exists drum shearer capacity maximum at the increasing dependence of coal cuttability on longwall length.
Mine, coal seam, thickness, cuttability, drum shearer, advance speed, capacity, simulation system
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739119015299
REFERENCES
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BACKFILLING MIXTURE PREPARATION USING MILLED GRANULATED BLAST-FURNACE SLAG
L. A. Krupnik, Yu. N. Shaposhnik, S. N. Shaposhnik, and G. T. Nurshaiykova
Satpaev Kazakh National Research Technical University, Almaty, 50013 Republic of Kazakhstan
Chinakal Institute of Mining, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences,
Novosibirsk, 630091 Russia
e-mail: shaposhnikyury@mail.ru
Serikbaev East Kazakhstan State Technical University,
Ust-Kamenogorsk, 070000 Republic of Kazakhstan
Backfilling mixture preparation technology using a cement–slag binder is developed for the Artem’evsky mine. It is shown that backfill with granulated blast-furnace slag reaches project strength at its fineness 80% of content milled down to –80 μm size. The authors analyze influence of milling fineness of granulated blast-furnace slag from different manufacturers on strength and rheological properties of backfill. The economic analysis of cost of binder in formation of load-bearing layer of backfill prepared using fly ash and milled granulated blast-furnace slag is performed.
Backfilling mixture, cement–ash and cement–slag binders, milled granulated blast-furnace slag, strength characteristics, rheological properties, backfilling operations
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739119015300
REFERENCES
1. Chen, G.Y. and Huang, W.H., Investigation on Blending CFB Ash with Blast Furnace Slag as Replacement for Portland Cement used in Concrete Binders, Adv. Mater. Res, 2013, vol. 723, pp. 623–629.
2. Hu, S.G., Lu, X.J., Niu, H.L., and Jin, Z.Q., Research on Preparation and Properties of Back?lling Cementation Material Based on Blast Furnace Slag, Adv. Mater. Res., 2011, vol. 158, pp. 189–196.
3. Wu, M., Hu, X, Zhang, Q, Cheng, W, and Hu, Z., Orthogonal Experimental Studies on Preparation of Mine-Filling Materials from Carbide Slag, Granulated Blast-Furnace Slag, Fly Ash, and Flue-Gas Desulphurisation Gypsum, Adv. Mater. Sci. Eng., 2018, Article ID 4173520P, pp. 1–12.
4. Chernigovsky, A.I., Implementation of New Technologies in Concrete Articles Production with a Purpose to Save Energy and Cement, ZhBI konstr., 2010, no. 2, pp. 50–58.
5. Bitimbaev, M.Zh., Krupnik, L.A., and Shaposhnik, Yu.N., Teoriya i praktika zakladochnykh rabot pri razrabotke mestorozhdenii poleznykh iskopaemykh (Theory and Practice of Backfilling in Mineral Mining), Almaty: Ass. Vuzov Kazakh., 2012.
6. Krupnik, L.A., Shaposhnik, Yu.N., Shaposhnik, S.N., and Tursunbaeva, À.Ê., Backfilling Technology in Kazakhstan Mines, J. Min. Sci, 2013, vol. 49, no. 1, pp. 82–89.
7. Krupnik, L.A., Shaposhnik, Yu.N., and Shaposhnik, S.N., The Development of Backfilling Technology in Terms of Novo-Leninogorsky Mine Planning, GIAB, 2015, no. 8, pp. 25–32.
8. Tekhnologicheskaya instruktsiya (tekhnologicheskii reglament) po proizvodstvu zakladochnykh rabot na BZK 1, 2, I 3 dlya usloviy Artem’yevskogo rudnika (Process Instruction (Process Regulation) on Backfilling in CFP-1,-2, and -3 for the Artem’yevsky Mine): Ust-Kamenogorsk:
DGP VNIItsvetmet, 2010.
9. GOST 25818–91. Zoly unosa teplovykh elektrostantsii dlya betonov. Tekhnicheskie usloviya (s izmeneniem No.1 (Fly Ashes from Power Stations for Concrete. Technical Specifications (as amended no. 1). Introduced 01.07.91.
10. GOST 3476–74. Shlaki domennye i elektrotermofosfornye granulirovannye dlya proizvodstva tsementov. Ministerstvo promyshlennosti stroitel’nykh materialov SSSR (Granulated Blast Furnace and Phosphoric Slag for Cement Production. Ministry of Production of Constructing Materials of the USSR), 1974, Introduced 01.01.75.
11. STO SMK 09.90.19. Shlak domennyi granulirovannyi molotyi (Organizational Standard Quality Management System 09.90.19. Milled Granulated Blast Furnace Slag), 2013.
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no. 1, pp. 94–95.
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16. Krupnik, L.A., Shaposhnik, Yu.N., Shaposhnik, S.N., Nurshaiykova, G.Ò., and Tungushbaeva, Z.Ê., Technology of Backfill Preparation Based on Cement-and-Slag Binder in Orlov Mine, J. Min. Sci, 2017, vol. 53, no. 1, pp. 84–91.
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20. Gal’tseva, N.À., Effective Backfills Based on Synthetic Anhydrites: Diss. Cand.Tech. Sci., Moscow, 2017.
21. Svetkina, Å.Yu. and Petlevanyi, Ì.V, Regularities of Forming Structure and Strength of Hardening Backfill at Different Binder Dispersion Ability, Transactions, Dnepr: NGU, 2012, no.37, pp. 80–87.
22. Dolzhikov, P.N., Semiryagin, S.V., and Furdei, P.G., Investigation of Influence Exerted by Granulated Blast-Furnace Slag Fineness on Cement Strength, Transactions, Donetsk: DonGTU, 2013, no.39, pp. 165–169.
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GEODYNAMIC HAZARD ASSESSMENT FOR TECTONIC STRUCTURES IN UNDERGROUND MINING OF NORTH ORE BODIES IN THE OKTYABRSKY DEPOSIT
V. A. Uskov, A. A. Eremenko, T. P. Darbinyan, and V. P. Marysyuk
Chinakal Institute of Mining, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences,
Novosibirsk, 630091 Russia
e-mail: wau347743@list.ru
Mine Management, Polar Division, Nornickel, Norilsk, 663302 Russia
e-mail: MarysyukVP@nornik.ru
Center for Geodynamic Safety, Polar Division, Nornickel, Norilsk, 663302 Russia
e-mail: MarysyukVP@nornik.ru
The tectonic structures of different rank are distinguished in the Norilsk Region. The first-order block structure is formed by intersection of rank I geodynamically active faults: Khatanga, Imangda-Kystykhtakh, Norislk, Fokin-Tangaralakh megafaults and other. Rank II faults are the Norilsk-Kharaelakh fault, which intersects the mine field, and other 7 structures. Using geological sections and boring records obtained within the mining lease, slip faults and oblique-slip faults of rank III, represented by ridges in the terrain, are plotted in the satellite image. In the rockburst-hazardous high-grade ore sites in Glubokaya mine, it is recommended to arrange safe zones by advance boring of destressing holes in underground openings in zones of rank III faults.
Geodynamic zoning, block structure, tectonic structures, rock mass stress state, faults, rockburst hazard, mining, rooms, backfill
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739119015312
REFERENCES
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2. Rukovodstvo po geodinamicheskomu rayonirovaniyu shakhtnykh poley (Guidelines on Mine Field Geodynamic Zoning), Saint Petersburg: VNIMI, 2012.
3. Shabarov, A.N., Filinkov, A.A, Zubkov, V.V., Tsyrel’, S.V., Zvezdkin, V.A., Suchilin, A.V., Guseva, N.V., Il’inov, M.D., Kartashov, Yu.M., Karmanskii, A.T., Korshunov, V.A., Kozlov, V.A., and Vasil’eva T.V., Metodicheskie ukazaniya po otsenke sklonnosti rudnykh i nerudnykh mestorozhdenii k gornym udaram (Methodical Instructions on Estimating Ore and Industrial Mineral Deposits Disposition to Rock Bursts), Saint Petersburg: SPbGU, 2011.
4. Batugina, I.M. and Petukhov, I.M., Geodinamicheskoe rayonirovanie mestorozhdenii pri proektirovanii i ekspuatatsii rudnikov (Geodynamic Zoning of Deposits in Mine Designing and Operation), Moscow: Nedra, 1988.
5. Ermolov, V.A., Larichev, L.N., and Moseykin, V.V., Geologiya: uchebnik dlya vuzov (v dvukh chastyakh). Chast 1: Osnovy geologii (College Textbook on Geology in Two Parts. Part I: Foundations of Geology), Moscow: MGGU, 2004.
6. Petukhov, I.M. and Batugina, I.M. (Editors), Geodinamicheskoe rayonirovanie nedr. Metodicheskie ukazaniya (Geodynamic Zoning of the Earth Interior. Methodological Instructions), Moscow; Leningrad: VNIMI, 1990.
7. Eremenko, À.À., Eremenko, V.À., and Gaydin, A.P., Gorno-geologicheskie i geomekhanicheskie usloviya razrabotki zheleznorudnykh mestorozhdenii v Altae-Sayanskoi skladchatoi oblasti (Geological and Geomechanical Conditions of Mining Iron-Ore Deposits in Altai-Sayan Faulting), Novosibirsk:
Nauka, 2009.
8. Surkov, V.S. and Zhero, O.G., Fundament i razvitie platformennogo chekhla Zapadno-Sibirskoi plity (Foundation and Development of West Siberian Plate Sedimentary Cover), Moscow: Nedra, 1981.
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10. Leont’ev, A.V., Analysis of Natural Stresses According to the Measurement Results in Mines on the Territory of Northern Eurasia, J. Min. Sci., 2001, vol. 37, no. 1, pp. 31–40.
11. Olovyannyi, A.G., Smirnov, V.A., Samorodov, B.N., and Marysyuk, V.P., Modelirovanie napryazhenno-deformirovannogo sostoyaniya massiva v okrestnosti gornykh vyrabotok rudnika “Skalistyi”. Geodinamika i napryazhennoe sostoyanie nedr Zemli (Rock Mass Stress-Strain State Modeling in the Vicinity of Mine Openings of the Skalisty Mine. Geodynamics and Stress State of the Earth Interior), Novosibirsk: IGD SO RAN, 2004.
12. Olovyannyi, A.G., and Smirnov, V.A., Otsenka sostoyaniya massiva vokrug gornykh vyrabotok rudnika “Skalistyi” metodom matematicheskogo modelirovaniya. Dobycha i pererabotka rud Norilskogo promyshlennogo rayona (Rock Mass State Estimate around Openings of Skalisty Mine by Mathematical Modeling. Mining and Processing Norilsk Industrial District Ores), Norilsk: NGGI, 2005.
13. Sadovskii, Ì.À., Bolkhovitinov, L.G., Bogdanov, M.N., and Pisarenko, V.F., Discreteness Properties of Rocks, Izv. AN SSSR, Fizika Zemli, 1982, no.12, pp. 3–18.
14. Karelin, V.N., Marysyuk, V.P., Nagovitsyn, Yu.N., Vil’chinskii, V.B., and Zvezdkin, V.A., Investigation of Geomechanical State of Ore–Rock Mass in the Field of Skalisty Mine, Gornyi Zhurnal, 2010,
no. 6, pp. 63–65.
15. Petukhov, I.M., Egorov, P.V., Skitovich, V.P., and Lotsenyuk, B.G., Rezultaty izucheniya napryazhennogo sostoyaniya netronutogo massiva porod na Talnakhskom i Oktyabr’skom mestorozhdeniyakh. Izmerenie napryazhenii v massive gornykh porod: sb.tr. (Results of Studying Stress State of Intact Rock Mass in the Talnakhsky and Oktyabrsky eposits. Stress State Measurement in the Rock Mass: Coll. of Works), Novosibirsk, IGD SO AN SSSR, part II, pp. 6–9, 1976.
16. Ukazaniya po bezopasnomu vedeniyu gornykh rabot na Talnakhskom i Oktyabrskom mestorozhdeniyakh, sklonnykh i opasnykh po gornym udaram (Guidelines on Safe Mining Operations in the Rockburst-Hazardous Talnakhsky and Oktyabrsky Deposits), Norilsk, 2015.
17. Smirnov, A.A., Zvezdkin, V.A., Shabarov, À.N., Samorodov, B.N., and Marysyuk, V.P., Predicting and Securing Stability of Mine Openings in the Mines of Norilsk Nickel Mining and Metallurgical Company, Gornyi Zhurnal, 2004, no. 12.
18. Khubulov, O.Yu., Anushenkov, À.N., Artemenko, Yu.V., and Uskov, V.A., Increasing Capacity of Existing Backfilling Complexes in the Mines of Western Branch of Norilsk Nickel Mining and Metallurgical Company due to Existing Mills Modernization, Gornyi Zhurnal, 2010, no. 6, pp. 85–87.
19. Karelin, V.N., Badtiev, B.P., Marysyuk, V.P., Ainbinder, I.I., and Arshavskii, V.V., Investigations of Influence Exerted by Room Parameters on Outcropping Stability of Undermined Impregnated Ore in Place, Gornyi Zhurnal, 2010, no. 6, pp. 55–57.
20. Tapsiev, A.P., and Uskov, V.A., Comparative Feasibility Study of the Mining Systems with Regard to Beneficiation and Metallurgical Extraction in the Mines of Western Branch of Norilsk Nickel Mining and Metallurgical Company, Fund. Prikl. Vopr. Gorn. Nauk, 2016, vol. 1, no. 3, pp. 201–205.
21. Galanov, R.B., Kholichev, E.V., Nagovitsyn, Yu.N, Andreev, À.À., and Mulev, S.N., Geomechanical Situation at Cutting on Bolshoy Gorst Site of the Taimyrsky Mine, Gornyi Zhurnal, 2013, no. 2, pp. 14–19.
LINEAR MODEL OF LOCATION OPTIMIZATION OF LIMESTONE EXPLOITATION AND CONSUMPTION IN MACEDONIA
T. Boševski, S. Vujić, M. Radosavljević, and M. Kuzmanović
Rudproekt, Scopje, 1000 Northern Macedonia
e-mail: tb@rudproekt.com
Mining Institute, Belgrade, 11000 Serbia
e-mail: slobodan.vujic@ribeograd.ac.rs
University of Belgrade, Faculty of Organizational Sciences, Belgrad, 11000 Serbia
Predicting the consequences of changes in limestone exploitation and consumption system is a problem that requires an adequate analytical approach. This paper presents the linear model of location optimization of limestone exploitation and consumption in Macedonia with 29 production entities — open-pit mines, and two options of consumption entities, with 15 and 16 consumers. By changing the number of consumers, the research demonstrates that mathematical model approach with adequate sensitivity to changes in relative parameters is necessary for a complete and reliable overview of system behavior.
Exploitation, consumption, limestone, linear model, restricting factors
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739119015324
REFERENCES
1. Stanojević, R., Optimization Macroeconomic Models, Belgrade: Velarta, 2001.
2. Vujić, S., Miljanović, I., Kuzmanović, M., Bartulović, Z., Gajić, G., and Lazić, P., The Deterministic Fuzzy Linear Approach in Planning the Production of Mine System with Several Open Pits, Archives Min. Sci., 2011, vol. 56, no. 3, pp. 489–497.
3. Ali, M. A. M. and Yang, H.S., Transportation Problem: A Special Case for Linear Programing Problems in Mining Engineering, Int. J. Min. Sci. Technol., 2012, vol. 22, no. 3, pp. 371–377.
4. Radosavljvić, Ì., Vujić, S., Boševski, T., Praštalo, Ž., and Jovanović, B., Single-Phase Local Optimization Model for Limestone Supply from Open-Pit Mines to Heat Power Plants in Serbia, J. Min. Sci., 2016, vol. 52, no. 4, pp. 704–711.
5. Vujić, S., Benović, T., Miljanović, I., Hudej, M., Milutinović, A., and Pavlović, P., Fuzzy Linear Model of Production Optimization of Mining Systems with Multiple Entities, Int. J. Minerals, Metallurgy and Materials, 2011, vol. 18, no. 6, pp. 633–637.
OPEN PIT MINING TECHNOLOGIES FOR WATERED LIGNITE DEPOSITS IN THE KANSK–ACHINSK BASIN
A. V. Reznik and V. I. Cheskidov
Chinakal Institute of Mining, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences,
Novosibirsk, 630091 Russia
e-mail: a-reznik@mail.ru
The resource-saving technology is proposed for mining watered lignite deposits in the Kansk–Achinsk basin without drying of productive strata. The expediency of accumulation of all water inflows in mined-out area of the open-pit mine for the subsequent use in the closed production cycle is substantiated. Effectiveness of hydromechanization in selective stripping of incompetent overburden rocks with solid inclusions is determined. Parameters of a hydraulic fill placed in the mined-out area of the open pit are presented.
Watered lignite deposits, open pit mine water, process water reservoir, overburden rocks, hydromechanization, mined-out area, hydraulic fill
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739119015336
REFERENCES
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Sibgiproshakht, 1986.
4. Reznik, A.V., A Method of Hydromechanized Stripping in the Deposits of the Kansk–Achinsk Lignite Basin, Proc. All-Russian Conf. on Fundamental Problems of Geo-Environment Formation under Industrial Impact Novosibirsk, 2012.
5. Tekhniko-ekonomicheskoe obosnovanie stroitel’stva razreza “Uryupslii” p. o. “Krasnoyarskugol’”, (Feasibility Study for Construction of Uryup Open-Pit Mine by Krasnoyarskugol’ Company), Sibgiproshakht, 1985.
6. Cheskidov, V.I., Norri, V.Ê., Zaitsev, G.D., Botvinnik, À.À., Bobyl’sky, À.S. and Reznik, À.V., Effectivization of Open Pit Hard Mineral Mining, J. Min. Sci., 2014, vol. 50, no. 5, pp. 107–122.
7. Bobyl’sky, À.S. and Reznik, À.V., Open-Pit Mining of Watercut Sheet Deposits, J. Fundament. Appl. Min. Sci., 2014, vol. 1, pp. 69–74.
8. Litvin, Yu.I., Substantiation of Process Parameters of Hydromonitor-Suction Installations of Kuzbass Open-Pit Mines in Applying High-Capacity Hydromonitors, Candidate Tech. Sci. Thesis, Kemerovo,2014.
9. Protasov, S.I. and Poklonov, D.À., Investigation of Hydromonitor GD-300 Parameters for Optimizing Circuits of Hydromonitor-Suction Installations, GIAB, 2016, no. 5, pp. 115–120.
10. Razrabotat’ tekhnologiyu primeneniya kompleksov mashin nepreryvnogo deystviya na razreze “Uryupskii-1”: otchet po teme 1101/040000–052 (Report on Subject 1101/040000–052. To Develop the Technology for Applying Continuous Duty Machines in Uryup-1 Open-Pit Mine), UKRNII Project: Kiev, 1978.
11. Semenova, K.M., Influence of Terrain and Inwash Technology on Hydraulic Fill Formation Efficiency, Marksheider. Vestn., 2013, vol. 95, no. 4, pp. 37–40.
STRUCTURAL DATA COLLECTION FOR SLOPE STABILITY ANALYSIS USING DIGITAL TECHNOLOGY—A CASE STUDY OF MELBUR PIT, UK
E. Manda-Mvula and R. B. Kaunda
Copperbelt University, P. O. Box 21962, Kitwe, Zambia
Colorado School of Mines, 1500 Illinois St, Golden, Colorado, USA, 80401
e-mail: rkaunda@mines.edu
Slope stability is “the heart” of open pit mining operations. Pit slope monitoring is an important undertaking requiring collection of structural data for geotechnical characterization and stability analysis. Challenges exist with conventional field data collection methods including time, safety, and data accuracy and reliability. In this paper, 3D laser scanning, photogrammetry and Split FX are integrated to investigate open pit slopes in highly geologically altered materials using a case study from the Melbur Pit slopes in Cornwall, United Kingdom. A 3D laser scanner is applied to scan structures from the slope face and to create a 3D point cloud database. Photogrammetry is applied to capture images for processing. 3D images are draped onto the point cloud to give a visual representation of the slope face. The kinematic analysis indicates that the integrated approach enhances the identification of structural discontinuity sets and their orientations. An integration of emerging digital technologies thus provides a comprehensive and reasonably reliable structural database for slope stability analysis during open pit mining.
Photogrammetry, 3D laser scanning, slope stability, structure data, kinematic analysis, open pit
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739119015348
REFERENCES
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3. Keverne, B., Howe, J., Pascoe, D., Eyre, M., and Coggan, J., Remediation of a Hazardous Legacy Slope Face Using Pre-Split Blasting, Proc. of ISRM Regional Symp. EUROCK, 2015.
4. Reid, M.E., Sisson, T.W., and Brien, D.L., Volcano Collapse Promoted by Hydrothermal Alteration and Edifice Shape, Mount Rainier, Washington, Geol., 2001, vol. 29, no. 9, pp. 779–782.
5. Sheets, R.J., Douglas, S.J., St Louis, R.M., and Bailey, J.A., Remediation of Large-Scale Slope Failures and Impact on Mine Development at the Gold Quarry Mine, Min. Eng., 2014, vol. 66, no. 11, pp. 57–71.
6. Abellan, A., Oppikofer, T., Jaboyedoff, M., Rosser, N.J., Lim, M., and Lato, M.J., Terrestrial Laser Scanning
of Rock Slope Instabilities, Earth Surf. Processes Landforms, 2014, vol. 39, no.1, pp. 80–97.
7. Whitworth, M. C. Z., Giles, D.P., and Murphy, W., Airborne Remote Sensing for Landslide Hazard Assessment: A Case Study on the Jurassic Escarpment Slopes of Worcestershire, UK. Q. J. Eng. Geol. Hydrogeol., 2005, vol. 38, no. 3, pp. 285–300.
8. McLeod, T., Samson, C., Labrie, M., Shehata, K., Mah, J., Lai, P., Wang, L., and Elder, J.H., Using Video Acquired from an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) to Measure Fracture Orientation in an Open-Pit Mine,
Geomatica, 2013, vol. 67, no. 3, pp. 173–180.
9. Kuhn, D. and Prufer, S., Coastal Cliff Monitoring and Analysis of Mass Wasting Processes with the Application of Terrestrial Laser Scanning: A Case Study of Rugen, Germany, Geomorphol., 2014, vol. 213, pp. 153–165.
10. Chen, J., Li, K., Chang, K.J., Sofia, G., and Tarolli, P., Open-Pit Mining Geomorphic Feature Characterization, Int. J. Appl. Earth Obs. Geoinform., 2015, vol. 42, pp. 76–86.
11. Gandhi, G. D. K., Slope Instability Analysis of the North-East Slope of the Melbur Pit Comprised of Kaolinized-Granite Based on the Laser Scanned Data Acquired Post a Trial Blast, PhD. Thesis, Camborne School
of Mines, University of Exeter, Cornwall, UK, 2016.
12. Hencher, S.R. and Martin, R.P., The Description and Classification of Weathered Rocks in Hong Kong for Engineering Purposes, Proc. of the 7th Southeast Asian Geotechnical Conference, Hong Kong, 1982.
13. Wyllie, D. and Mah, C., Rock Slope Engineering: Civil and Mining Fourth Ed, NY: Spoon Press, 2004.
14. Van der Merwe, J.W. and Andersen, D.C., Applications and Benefits of 3D Laser Scanning for the Mining Industry, J. S. Afr. Inst. Min. Metall., 2013, vol. 113, no. 3, pp. 213–219.
15. Split Engineering LLC, Split FX User Manual, Version 2.1, Tucson, AZ, 2007. Available at: http://spliteng.com
16. Pascoe, D.M., Geostatistics Applied to Probabilistic Slope Stability Analysis in the China Clay Deposits of Cornwall, PhD Thesis, University of Exeter, Camborne School of Mines, 1996.
17. Coggan, J.S. and Pascoe, D.M., Melbur Pit Images, Personal Communication, 2014.
18. Adami, A., Guerra, F., and Vernier, P., Laser Scanner and Architectural Accuracy, Proc. of the 21st Int. CIPA Symp., Athens, Greece, 2007.
19. Haneberg, W.C., Norrish, N.I., and Findley, D.P., Digital Outcrop Characterization for 3D Structural Mapping and Rock Slope Design along Interstate 90 near SNoqualmie Pass, Washington, Proc. of the 57th Annual Highway Geology Symp., Breckenridge, CO, 2006.
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21. Nicholas, D.E. and Sims, D.B., Collecting and Using Geologic Structure Data for Slope Design, Slope Stability in Surface Mining, Hustrulid, McCarter and Van Zyl (Eds.), 2001.
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23. Vicki, S., Integration of Technology in Slope Management Programs, Proc. of SME Annual Meeting, Salt Lake City, UT, 2005.
24. Feng, Q., Novel Methods for 3D Semi-Automatic Mapping of Fracture Geometry at Exposed Rock Faces, Ph.D. Thesis, Division of Engineering Geology, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), Stockholm, 2001.
25. Feng, Q., Anders, B., and Stephansson, O., Fracture Mapping at Exposed Rock Faces by Using Close-Range Digital Photogrammetry and Geodetic Total Station, Proc. of the 38th U. S. Rock Mechanics Symp., Washington D. C., 2001.
26. Kemeny, J., Turner, K., and Norton, B., LIDAR for Rock Mass Characterization: Hardware, Software,
Accuracy and Best-Practices, Laser and Photogrammetric Methods for Rock Face Characterization, F. Tonon, J. Kottenstette (Eds.), 2005.
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MINERAL DRESSING
EXPERIMENTAL SUBSTANTIATION OF LUMINOPHORE-CONTAINING COMPOSITIONS FOR EXTRACTION OF NONLUMINESCENT DIAMONDS
V. A. Chanturia, G. P. Dvoichenkova, V. V. Morozov, V. N. Yakovlev, O. E. Koval’chuk, and Yu. A. Podkamennyi
Academician Melnikov Institute of Comprehensive Exploitation of Mineral Resources,
Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 111020 Russia
e-mail: dvoigp@mail.ru
National University of Science and Technology–MISIS, Moscow, 117049 Russia
Yakutniproalmaz Institute, ALROSA, Mirny, 678174 Russia
Research and Geology Agency, ALROSA, Mirny, 678174 Russia
Polytechnic Institute (Branch), Ammosov North-Eastern Federal University, Mirny, 678174 Russia
The procedure is developed for modification of diamond surface by luminophore-containing organic compositions. The compositions are composed of an organic luminophore—scintillation anthracene, inorganic luminophore K-35 and cetane. Indication compositions are synthesized based on the selected luminophores and organic liquids and tested using pilot separator POLYUS-M. Spectral-kinetic characteristic of luminophopre-containing organic-mineral compositions, treated weakly luminous diamond crystals and kimberlite minerals are determined. The compositions ensuring better spectral-kinetic characteristics and higher extraction of diamonds during H-ray luminescence separation are selected.
Diamonds, organic luminophore, inorganic luminophore, organic-mineral composition, X-ray luminescence, spectral-kinetic characteristics, separation
DOI: 10.1134/S106273911901536X
REFERENCES
1. Mironov, V.P., Optic Spectroscopy of Diamonds in Concentrates and Tailings of X-Ray Luminescence Separation, Nauk. Obraz., 2006, no. 1, pp. 31–36.
2. Monastyrsky, V.F., Makalin, I.A., Novikov, V.V., Plotnikova, S.P., and Nikiforova, Ò.Ì., Raising the Efficiency of Diamond-Bearing Material X-Ray Luminescence Separation, Nauk. Obraz., 2017, no. 3, pp. 86–90.
3. Makalin, I.A., Investigation into Regularities in Distribution of X-ray Luminescence Characteristics of Diamond-Bearing Materials, Candidate of Tech. Sci. Thesis, Ekaterinburg, 2013.
4. Martynovich, E.F. and Mironov, V.P., X-Ray Luminescence of Diamonds and Its Applications in Diamond Industry, Izv. vuzov, 2009, vol. 52, nos. 12–3, pp. 202–210.
5. Mironov, V.P., Using Luminescence Phenomenon in Diamond Mining Industry, Nauka i Tekhnika v Yakutii, 2005, no. 1 (8), pp. 11–14.
6. Vladimirov, Å.N., Kazakov, L.V., and Kolosova, N.P., Improvement of Diamond Separator Performance due to Signal Digital Processing, Sovr. Elektronika, 2008, no. 2, pp. 64–69.
7. Monastyrsky, V.F. and Shlyufman, E.M., Improvement of XLS Performance in Diamond-Bearing Material Processing, Proc. the 4th Mineral Processing Congress of CIS Countries, Moscow, 2003.
8. Chanturia, V.À., Dvoichenkova, G.P., Morozov, V.V., Koval’chuk, Î.Å., Podkamenny, Yu.A.,
and Yakovlev, V.N., Experimental Justification of Luminophore Composition for Indication of Diamond in X-Ray Luminescence Separation of Kimberlite Ore, J. Min. Sci., 2018, vol. 54, no. 3, pp. 112–120.
9. Menshikova, A.Yu., Pankova, G.A., Evseeva, T.G., Shabsels, B.M., and Shevchenko, N.N., Luminophore-Containing Polymer Particles: Synthesis and Optical Properties of Thin Films on Their Basis, Nanotechnologies in Russia, 2012, vol. 7, nos. 3–4, pp. 188–195.
10. Komlev, I.V., Synthesis and Study of Organic Luminophores and Other Functional Species for Present-Day Light Technologies, Doctor of Chem. Sci. Thesis, Moscow, 2016.
11. Demchenko, A.P., Introduction to Fluorescence Sensing, NY: Springer, 2008.
12. Pron, A., Gawrys, P., Zagorska, M., and Djurado, D., Electroactive Materials for Organic Electronics: Preparation Strategies, Structural Aspects and Characterization Techniques, Chem. Soc. Rev., 2010, vol. 39, no. 7, pp. 2577–2632.
13. Smirnova, T.D., Metody lyuminestsentnogo analiza. Metodicheskie ukazaniya (Luminescence Analysis Methods. Instructional Guidelines), Saratov: SGU im. Chernyshevskogo, 2012.
14. Patrakov, Yu.F., Semenova, S.A., Klein, M.S., Vakhonina, Ò.Å., and Petrov, À.À., Uglevodorody Nefti (Petroleum Hydrocarbons), Moscow: Nauka, 1984.
15. Available at: http://bourevestnik.ru/products/portativnye-separatory-dlya-geologorazvedki/polyus-m/.
16. Ingster, Yu.I, Mikheev, A.V., Solnyshkin,S.N., and Chirina, A.V., Osnovnye algoritmy chislennogo analiza statisticheskoe modelirovanie v pakete Matlab (Basic Algorithms of Numerical Analysis Statistical Modeling in Matlab Software), Saint Petersburg: LETI, 2009.
X-RAY LUMINESCENCE SEPARATION OF KHIBINY LOW-GRADE APATITE ORE
S. V. Tereshchenko, D. N. Shibaeva, and S. A. Alekseeva
Mining Institute, Kola Science Center, Russian Academy of Sciences,
Apatity, 184209 Russia
e-mail: tereshchenko@goi.kolasc.net.ru
The operating and promising apatite deposits in the Murmansk Region, holding 70% of Russia’s phosphate ore reserves being unique feedstock for the production of mineral fertilizers are reviewed. The causes of reduction in P2O5 content of produced ore, which lead to higher cost of concentrate production and to increased volume of waste, are shown. It is found that it is efficient to stabilize the processing feed through preconcentration of apatite ore by means of coarse X-ray luminescence separation that elevates P2O5 content of process flow owing to removal to 20% of material with P2O5 content to 2%. The semi-commercial tests reveal destabilizing factors which lower the separation circuit efficiency. Elimination of these factors by adjusting velocity and motion path of coarse ore between the zones of measurement and separation allows minimization of useful mineral loss in waste by more than 2 times, which improves selectivity of X-ray luminescence separation and increases extraction of P2O5 in concentrate.
Apatite ore, mining and processing waste, preconcentration, low-batch sorting, X-ray luminescence separation, luminescence spectra
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739119015371
REFERENCES
1. Gur’ev, A.A., Rybnikov, Ì.Ê., Davydenko, V.V., and Levin, B.V., JSC Apatit. The Leader of Mining and Chemical Industry of Russia Celebrates Its 85th Birthday, Gornyi Zhurnal, 2014, no. 10, pp. 4–8.
2. Zhang, P., Wiegen, R., and El-Shall, H., Phosphate Rock, Industrial Minerals and Rocks: Commodities, Markets and Uses, SME, 2006.
3. Condition and Use of Mineral Resources of the Russian Federation. Phosphates. Available at: http://www.mineral.ru/.
4. Afanasyev, B.V., Bichuk, N.I., Dain, A.D., Zhabin, S.V., and Kamenev, Å.À., Mineral Raw Material Base of the Murmansk Region, Mineral’nye resursy Rossii, 1997, no. 3, pp. 10–22.
5. Petrik, A.I., Bykhovets, A.N., Sokharev, V.À., Perein, V.N., and Serdyukov, À.L., Modernization of Mineral Raw Material Base in Long-Term Development Strategy of Kovdorskiy GOK, Gornyi Zhurnal, 2012, no. 10, pp. 12–18.
6. Fakhrutdinov, R.Z, Zelenikhin, V.À., and Gimadieva, G.Ì., Problems of Integrated Development and Use of the Khibiny Apatite-Nepheline Ores, Razv. Okhr. Nedr, 2010, no. 2, pp. 20–24.
7. Dudkin, O.B., Tekhnologicheskaya mineralogiya kompleksnogo syrya na primere mestorozhdeniy shchelochnykh plutonov (Process Mineralogy of Complex Raw Material by the Example of Alkaline Pluton Deposit), Apatity: KNTS RAN, 1996.
8. Izoitko, V.M., Tekhnologicheskaya mineralogiya i otsenka rud (Process Mineralogy and Ore Evaluation), Saint Petersburg: Nauka, 1997.
9. Karmazin, V.V. and Karmazin, V.I., Magnitnye i elektricheskie metody obogashcheniya (Magnetic and Electrical Methods of Concentration), Moscow: Nedra, 1988.
10. Mokrousov, V.À. and Lileev, V.À., Radiometricheskoe obogashchenie neradioaktivnykh rud (Radiometric Concentration of Nonradioactive Ores), Moscow: Nedra, 1979.
11. Tereshchenko, S.V., Denisov, G.A. and Marchevskaya, V.V., Radiometricheskie metody oprobyvaniya i separatsii mineral’nogo syrya (Radiometric Methods for Sampling and Separating of Mineral Raw Materials), Saint Petersburg: MANEB, 2005.
12. Shemyakin, V.S., Skopova, L.V., Kuzmin, V.G., and Sokolov, I.V., X-ray Radiometric Processing Technology for Quartz Raw Material, Eurasian Mining, 2016, no. 2, pp. 20–22.
13. Knapp, H., Neudert, K., Schropp, C., and Wotruba, H., Viable Application of Sensor Based Sorting for the Processing of Mineral Resourse, ChemBioEng Reviews, 2017, vol. 1, no. 3, pp. 86–95.
14. Seerane, K. and Erch, G., Investigation of Sorting Technology to Remove Hard Pebbles and Recover Cooper Bearind Rocks from an Autogenous Circuit, Proc. 6th Southern Africa Base Metals Conference, The Souther African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, 2011.
15. Murphy, B., van Zyl, J., and Domingo, G., Underground Preconcentration by Ore Sorting and Coarse Gravity Separation, Proc. of Narrow Vein Mining Conference, 2012.
16. Sreenivas, T. and Venkatkrishnan, R.R., Preconcentration of Molybdenum from a Low-Grade Primary Mo ore by Physical Beneficition, Int. J. Metall. Eng., 2012, vol. 1, no. 5, pp. 96–101.
17. Tereshchenko, S.V., Osnovnye polozheniya lyuminestsentnoy separatsii mineral’nogo syrya (Fundamental Principles of X-Ray Luminescence Separation of Mineral Raw Materia), Apatity: KF PetrGU, 2002.
18. Tereshchenko, S.V., Marchevskaya, V.V., Chernousenko, Å.V., Rukhlenko, Å.D., Pavlishina, D.N., and Smol’nyakov, A.A., Complex Ore Pre-Treatment in Concentration Technology of Low-Grade Apatite-Nepheline Ores, GIAB, 2015, no. 1, pp. 35–41.
VERTICAL ZONALITY OF NONFERROUS METAL SALT SETTLING-DOWN ON EVAPORATION BARRIER
I. I. Vashlaev, A. G. Mikhailov, M. Yu. Kharitonova, and M. L. Sviridova
Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences,
Krasnoyarsk, 660036 Russia
e-mail: vash49@gmail.com
The process of fluid mass transfer and formation of concentration zones on evaporation barrier in rock mass are studied. A series of experiments is carried out on a special testing plant in order to examine the process of settling-down on evaporation barrier and to determine parameters of vertical zonality in settling-down of simple and complex water-soluble nonferrous metal salts. The experimentation procedure is described. The regular patterns are found in the change in content in the direction toward the surface across the whole zone of aeration from the groundwater table. The higher salt concentration is observed on the rock mass surface, in the upper salt crust. This distribution law is typical either of simple or complex salts. The main parameters of settling kinetics and evaporation rate on the barrier are revealed and evaluated.
Filtration, evaporation barrier, fluid, settling-down, zonality
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739119015383
REFERENCES
1. Peshkov, À.À., Bragin, V.I., Mikhailov, A.G., and Matsko, M.À., Geotekhnologicheskaya podgotovka mestorozhdenii poleznykh iskopaemykh (Geotechnological Development of Mineral Deposits), Moscow: Nauka, 2007.
2. Kazdym, À.À., Tekhnogennye otlozheniya i tekhnogennoe mineraloobrazovanie (Man-Made Deposits and Artificial Formation of Minerals), Moscow: VIMS, 2010.
3. Chanturia, V.A., Makarov, V.N., and Makarov, D.V., Ekologicheskie i tekhnologicheskie problemy pererabotki tekhnogennogo sul’fidosoderzhashchego syr’ya (Ecological and Engineering Problems of Processing Man-Made Sulfide-Containing Raw Materials), Apatity: KNTS RAN, 2005.
4. Chanturia, V.A., Makarov, V.N., Makarov, D.V., Vasil’eva, T.N., Pavlov, V.V., and Trofimenko, Ò.À., Infuence Exerted by Storage Conditions on the Change in Properties of Copper-Nickel Technogenic Products, J. Min. Sci., 2002, vol. 38, no. 6, pp. 96–102.
5. Masloboev, V.À., Seleznev, S.G., Makarov, D.V., and Svetlov, À.V., Assessment of Eco-Hazard of Copper-Nickel Ore Mining and Processing Waste, J. Min. Sci., 2014, vol. 50, no. 3, pp. 138–153.
6. Pospelov, G.L., Paradoksy, geologo-geofizicheskaya sushchnost’ i mekhanizmy metosomatoza (Paradoxes, Geological and Geophysical Essence and Mechanisms of Metasomatosis), Novosibirsk: Nauka, 1973.
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DEVELOPMENT OF MAGNETIC PROCESSING CIRCUIT FOR OXIDIZED IRON ORE AFTER MAGNETIC ROASTING
G. I. Gazaleeva, A. Al. Mushketov, I. A. Vlasov, A. An. Mushketov,
and N. A. Sopina
Uralmakhanobr, Yekaterinburg, 620144 Russia
e-mail: gazaleeva_gi@umbr.ru
The process of wet magnetic separation of oxidized ore from the deposit of Abail, Republic of Kazakhstan, is studied. Kinetics of roasted product milling is analyzed, and the optimal size is recommended for the fist stage of milling as –0.071 mm at the content of 55–60%. The accomplished magnetic analysis of different size products shows that the decrease in size causes no increment of iron in the magnetic product and iron is at the level of 63.0 mass%. The scanning electron microscopy reveals that the roasted and magnetic products contain floccules of gangue and magnetite particles which transfer into magnetic fraction and worsen its quality. Two schemes are proposed for decomposition of floccules: multistage desliming with regard to sedimentation velocity in liquid medium and attrition with deffloculation agent. It is recommended to apply the two-stage circuit with milling, desliming and wet magnetic separation, which allows production of iron concentrate with iron content of 67% at recovery
of 76.5%.
Magnetic roasting, processing method, wet magnetic separation, flocculation, desliming, attrition
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739119015395
REFERENCES
1. Burybaeva, À.À., Geologiya Kazakhstana (Geology of Kazakhstan), Alma-Ata, 1999.
2. Gao, P., Yu, J.W., Han, Y.X., and Li, Y.J., Investigation on Reaction Behavior of Anshan-Type
Carbonate-Bearing Fine Iron Ore by Magnetizing Roasting, Proc. of the 29th Int. Mineral Proc. Congr. IMPC, Moscow, 2018.
3. Yu, J., Han, Y., Li, Y., and Gao, P., Recovery and Separation of Iron from Iron Ore Using Innovative Fluidized Magnetization Roasting and Magnetic Separation, J. Min. Metall, Sect. B-Metall, 2018, vol. 54, no. 1, pp. 21–27.
4. Gurman, Ì.À., and Shcherbak, L.I., Combination Methods of Hematite-Braunite Ore Processing, J. Min. Sci., 2018, vol. 54, no. 1, pp. 144–159.
5. Revazashvili, B.I. and Sazhin, Yu.G., Raschety skhem rudopodgotovki i vybor drobil’no-izmel’chitelnogo oborudovaniya. Izmel’chenie: uchebnoe posobie (Calculation of Ore-Pretreatment Schemes and Selection of Crushing and Milling Equipment. Milling: Study Guide), Alma-Ata: KazPTI, 1985.
6. Fedorova, M.N., Krivodubskaya, K.S., and Osokina, G.N., Fazovyi khimicheskiy analiz rud chernykh metallov i produktov ikh pererabotki (Chemical Phase Analysis of Ferrous Metal Ores and Products of Their Processing), Moscow: Nedra, 1972.
7. Gazaleeva, G.I., Bratygin, E.V., Vlasov, I.A., Mamonov, S.V., Rogozhin, À.À., and Kurkov, À.V., Effect of Fine Slime on the Choice of Columbium Ore Pretreatment Flowsheets, J. Min. Sci., 2016, vol. 52, no. 1, pp. 170–177.
8. Gazaleeva, G.I., Teoriya, tekhnologiya i tekhnika protsessov izmel’cheniya mineral’nogo syrya (Theory, Technology and Procedures for Mineral Raw Materials Milling), Yekaterinburg: TU UGMK, 2017.
9. Yu, J. W., Han, Y. X., Li, Y. J., and Gao, P., Investigation on Pre-Concentration Efficiency of a Low Grade Hematite Ore Using Magnetic Separation, Proc. of the 29th Int. Mineral Proc. Congr. IMPC, Moscow, 2018.
10. Shen, B. F., Geological Characters and Resource Prospect of the BIF Type Iron Ore Deposits in China, Acta Geologica Sinica, 2012, vol. 86, no. 9, pp. 1376–1395.
11. Gurman, Ì.À. and Shcherbak, L.I., Process Mineralogy and Pre-Treatment of the Poperechny Deposit Magnetite Ore, J. Min. Sci., 2018, vol. 54, no. 3, pp. 157–167.
12. Buzunova, Ò.À., Shikhov, N.V., Shigaeva, V.N., Nazarenko, L.N., and Boykov, I.S., Development of Process Flow for Producing Glass-Making and Molding Quartz Sands, Proc. Int. Sci. Tech. Conf. on Ore and Man-Made Raw Materials Processing, Ekaterinburg: Fort Dialog-Iset, 2017.
MINERALOGICAL EXAMINATION OF GOLD PROCESSING PLANT TAILINGS
V. I. Bragin, V. A. Makarov, N. F. Usmanova, P. N. Samorodskii, B. M. Lobastov, and A. I. Vashlaev
Siberian Federal University, Krasnoyarsk, 660041 Russia
e-mail: vic.bragin@gmail.com
Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences,
Krasnoyarsk, 660036 Russia
The results of the mineralogical examination of old sulphide and oxidized gold ore tailings of a mining and processing plant in the Krasnoyarsk Territory are presented. Secondary mineral forms of antimony, namely, antimony bloom Sb2O3 and tripuhyite FeSBO4, as well as iron are found. Gypsum in the waste is a newly formed phase, undetected in the initial ore, revealed in sulphide and mixed ore tailings and is absent in oxidized ore tailings. The key valuable component is gold represented by fine accretions in arsenopyrite, free gold size is not more than a few first microns.
Sulphide and oxidized gold ore, tailings, secondary mineral forms, supergene transformations
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739119015407
REFERENCES
1. Boltyrov, V.B., Seleznev, S.G., and Storozhenko, L.A., Environmental Effects of Long-Term Storage of Man-Made Objects “Dumps of the Allarechensk Deposit” (Pechenga District of the Murmansk Region), Izv. UGGU, 2015, no. 4 (40), pp. 27–34.
2. Masloboev, V.À., Seleznev, S.G., Makarov, D.V., and Svetlov, À.V., Assessment of Eco-Hazard of Copper–Nickel Ore Mining and Processing Waste, J. Min. Sci., 2014, vol. 50, no. 3, pp. 138–153.
3. Edraki, M., Baumgartl, T., Manlapig, E., Bradshaw, D., Franks, D.M., and Moran, Ch.J., Designing Mine Tailings for Better Environmental, Social and Economic Outcomes: A Review of Alternative Approaches, J. Cleaner Production, 2014, vol. 84, pp. 411–420.
4. Carmo, F.F., Kamino, L. H. Y., do Carmo, F.F., et al., Fundao Tailings Dam Failures: the Environment Tragedy of the Largest Technological Disaster of Brazilian Mining in Global Context, Perspectives in Ecology and Conservation, 2017, vol. 15, pp. 145–151.
5. Gurskaya, L.I, Snezhko, Î.N., Vasil’ev, S.P., and Molchanov, À.V., Technogenic Deposits of Platinum Metals—A New Source of Valuable Production Raw Materials, Regional’naya geologiya i metallogeniya, 2016, no. 66, pp. 80–90.
6. Salinas-Rodriguez, E., Hernandez-Avila, J., Rivera-Landero, I., et al., Leaching of Silver Contained in Mining Tailings, using Sodium Thiosulfate: A Kinetic Study, Hydrometallurgy, 2016, vol. 160, pp. 6–11.
7. Chernyshov, N.Ì., Technogenic Gold-Platinum Type of Deposits in Kursk Magnetic Anomaly (Central Russia), Vestn. VGU, Series: Geology, 2010, no. 1, pp. 175–191.
8. Tverdov, À.À., Zhura, À.V., and Sokolova, Ì.À., Problems of Comprehensive Use of Mineral Resources and Development of Technogenic Deposits, Ratsionalnoye osvoenie nedr, 2013, no. 5, pp. 16–20.
9. Movsesyan R. S., Mkrtchyan G. À., and Movsisyan À. I., Prospects for Commercial Development of Technogenic Mineral Resources in the Republic of Armenia, Izv. NAN RA, Nauki o Zemle, 2014, vol. 67, no. 1, pp. 30–39.
10. Ezhov, A.I., Estimate of Technogenic Raw Materials in the Russian Federation (Solid Commercial Minerals), Gornye Nauki i Tekhnologii, 2016, no. 4, pp. 62–75.
11. Ivannikov, S.I., Epov, D.G., Krysenko, G.F., et al., Comprehensive Approach to Gold Recovery from Man-Made Gold Mining Sites of the Russian Far East, Vestn. ONZ RAN, 2013, vol. 5, NZ1001, DOI: 10.2205/2013NZ000115.
12. Vasil’ev Å.À., Rudoy, G.N., and Savin, À.G., Prospects for Processing Old Tailings from Gaya GOK, Tsvet. Metally, 2014, no. 10, pp. 25–28.
13. Bogdanovich, À.V., Vasil’ev À.Ì., Shneerson, Ya.Ì., and Pleshkov, Ì.À., Gold Recovery from Old Tailings of Sulfide Copper-Zinc Ores, Obogashch. Rud, 2013, no. 5, pp. 38–44.
14. Litvintsev, V.S., Resource Potential of Placer Mining Waste, J. Min. Sci., 2013, vol. 49, no. 1, pp. 118–126.
15. Mirzekhanov, G.S., Estimation Criteria of Resource Potential of Man-Made Gold Placers in the Russian Far East, Vestn. KRAUNTS. Nauki oZzemle, 2014, no. 1, pp. 139–150.
16. Aleksandrova, Ò.N., Aleksandrov, À.V., Litvinova, N.Ì., and Bogomyakov, R.V., Possibility of Developing Gold Mining Waste Using Ore Processing Technology, GIAB, 2013, no. 5, pp. 65–69.
17. Bortnikova, S.B., Gas’kova, O.L., and Bessonova, Å.P., Khimiya tekhnogennykh sistem (Chemistry of Man-Made Systems), Novosibirsk: Geo, 2006.
18. Bortnikova, S., Bessonova, E., and Gaskova, O., Geochemistry of Arsenic and Metals in Stored Tailings of
a Co–Ni Arsenide-Ore, Khovu-Aksy Area, Russia, Appl. Geochem., 2012, vol. 27, no. 11, pp. 2238–2250.
19. Craw, D., Geochemical Changes in Mine Tailings during a Transition to Pressure–Oxidation Process Discharge, Macraes Mine, New Zealand, J. Geochem. Exploration, 2003, vol. 80, no. 1, pp. 81–94.
20. Smuda, J., Dold, B., Spangenberg, J.E., Friese, K., Kobek, M.R., Bustos, C.A., Pfeifer, H.R., Element Cycling during the Transition from Alkaline to Acidic Environment in an Active Porphyry Copper Tailings Impoundment, Chuquicamata, Chile, J. Geochem. Exploration, 2014, vol. 140, pp. 23–40.
21. Lindsay, M. B. J., Moncur, M.C., Bain, J.G., et al., Geochemical and Mineralogical Aspects of Sulfide Mine Tailings, Appl. Geochem., 2015, vol. 57, pp. 157–177.
22. Jackson, L.M. and Parbhakar-Fox, A., Mineralogical and Geochemical Characterization of the Old Tailings Dam, Australia: Evaluating the Effectiveness of a Water Cover for Longterm AMD Control, Appl. Geochem., 2016, vol. 68, pp. 64–78.
MINING THERMOPHYSICS
ADJUSTMENT OF THERMOPHYSICAL ROCK MASS PROPERTIES IN MODELING FROZEN WALL FORMATION IN MINE SHAFTS UNDER CONSTRUCTION
L. Yu. Levin, M. A. Semin, and A. V. Zaitsev
Mining Institute, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Perm, 614007 Russia
e-mail: aerolog_lev@mail.ru
Modeling of heat exchange processes in water-saturated rock mass during shafting with artificial freezing is performed. The problem of adjusting thermophysical properties of rock layers by the experimental measurements of temperature in the check thermal wells spaced from the freezing perimeter is analyzed. In terms of the abuilding shafts at Nezhinsky Mining and Processing Plant, significance of adjusting the the thermophysial parameters borrowed from the geological engineering survey data is illustrated. The number of independent adjustment parameters is determined from the analysis of the system of equations in two-dimensional two-phase Stefan problem in the dimensionless form. An inverse Stefan problem is formulated for a horizontal layer of rocks. The numerical algorithm is proposed for the inverse Stefan problem solution based on the gradient descent method. The algorithm minimizes functional of discrepancies between the model and measurement temperatures at the locations of the check wells. The functional of discrepancies in the phase space of the thermophysical properties and the algorithm convergence are analyzed.
Frozen wall, inverse Stefan problem, model parameter adjustment, gradient descent method, finite difference method, mine shaft
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739119015419
REFERENCES
1. Trupak, N.G, Zamorazhivanie gornykh porod pri prokhodke stvolov (Freezing of Rocks in Shaft Sinking), Moscow: Ugletekhizdat, 1954.
2. Safety Rules in Underground Structures Construction PB 03–428–02. Approved by Gosgortekhnadzor of Russia on 02.11.2001, No. 49.
3. Levin, L.Yu., Semin, Ì.À., and Zaitsev, À.V., Kontrol i prognoz formirovaniya ledoporodnogo ograzhdeniya s ispolzovaniem optovolokonnykh tekhnologiy. Strategiya i protsessy osvoeniya georesursov: sb. nauch. tr. (Control and Prediction of Frozen Wall Formation Using Optic Fiber Technologies. Strategy and Processes of Georesources Development: Collected Papers), Perm: GI UrO RAN, 2016.
4. Amosov, P.V., Lukichev, S.V., and Nagovitsyn, O.V., Influence of Rock Mass Porosity and Cooling Agent Temperature on Frozen Wall Formation Rate, Vestn. KNTS RAN, 2016, vol. 27, no. 4, pp. 43–50.
5. Gendler, S.G., Integrated Safety Provision in Developing Mineral and Spatial Subsol Resources, Gornyi Zhurnal, 2014, no. 5, pp. 5–6.
6. Sopko, J., Coupled Heat Transfer and Groundwater Flow Models for Ground Freezing Design and Analysis in Construction, Geotech. Frontiers, 2017, p. 11.
7. Vitel, M., Rouabhi, A., Tijani, M., and Guerin, F., Modeling Heat Transfer between a Freeze Pipe and the Surrounding Ground during Artificial Ground Freezing Activities, Comput. Geotech., 2015, vol. 63, pp. 99–111.
8. Kim, Y.S., Kang, J.M., Lee, J., Hong, S., and Kim, K.J., Finite Element Modeling and Analysis for Artificial Ground Freezing in Egress Shafts, J. Civ. Eng., 2012, vol. 16, no. 6, pp. 925–932.
9. Schmall, P.C. and Maishman, D., Ground Freezing a Proven Technology in Mine Shaft Sinking, Tunnels and Underground Construction Magazine, 2007, vol. 59, no. 6, pp. 25–30.
10. Igolka, D.A., Igolka, E.Yu., Luksha, Å.Ì., and Kologrivenko, À.À., Frozen Wall Temperature Effect in Designing Casing for Mine Shafts, Gorn. Mekh. Mashinostr., 2014, no. 3, pp. 36–41.
11. Levin, L.Yu., Semin, Ì.À., Parhsakov, Î.S., and Kolesov, Å.V., A Method for Inverse Stefan Problem Solution to Monitor Frozen Wall Condition in Shaft Sinking, Geolog. Neftegaz. Gorn. Delo, 2017, vol. 16, no. 3, pp. 255–267.
12. Jame, Y.W., Heat and Mass Transfer in Freezing Unsaturated Soil, Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Saskatchewan, 1977.
13. McKenzie, J.M., Voss, C.I., and Siegel, D.I., Groundwater Flow with Energy Transport and Water-Ice Phase Change: Numerical Simulations, Benchmarks, and Application to Freezing in Peat Bogs, Adv. Water Resour., 2007, vol. 30, no. 4, pp. 966–983.
14. Kurylyk, B.L. and Watanabe, K., The Mathematical Representation of Freezing and Thawing Processes in Variably-Saturated, Non-Deformable Soils, Adv. Water Resour., 2013, vol. 60, pp. 160–177.
15. Dmitriev, A.P. and Goncharov, S.A., Termodinamicheskie protsessy v gornykh porodakh (Thermodynamic Processes in Rocks), Moscow: Nedra, 1990.
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17. Shamsundar, N. and Sparrow, E.M., Analysis of Multidimensional Conduction Phase Change via the Enthalpy Model, J. Heat Transfer, 1975, vol. 97, no. 3, pp. 333–340.
18. Alifanov, Î.Ì., Obratnye zadachi teploobmena (Inverse Problems of Heat Exchange), Moscow: Mashinostroenie, 1988.
19. Tikhonov, A.N. and Arsenin, V.Y., Solutions of Ill-Posed Problems, Washington, DC: Winston & Sons, 1977.
20. Levin, L.Yu., Semin, Ì.À., Bogdan, S.I., and Zaitsev, A.V., Solution of Inverse Stefan Problem when Analyzing Groundwater Freezing in the Rock Mass, IFZH, 2018, vol 91, no. 3, pp. 655–663.
21. Levin, L.Yu., Semin, Ì.À., and Parhsakov, Î.S., Mathematical Prediction of Frozen Wall Thickness in Shaft Sinking, J. Min. Sci., 2017, vol. 53, no. 5, pp. 154–161.
NEW METHODS AND INSTRUMENTS IN MINING
PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATION ON USING IS APPROVED REAL TIME DRY BULB AND RELATIVE HUMIDITY SENSORS IN UNDERGROUND COALMINES
M. Khanal, R. McPhee, B. Belle, P. Brisbane, and B. Kathage
CSIRO Coal Mining Research Program, 1 Technology Court, Brisbane, Australia
e-mail: Manoj.Khanal@csiro.au
Anglo American, Brisbane, Australia
Department of Mining Engineering, University of Pretoria, South Africa
Australian Coal Association Research Program, Brisbane, Australia
A review of various real time temperature monitoring devices available for use in underground coal mines in Queensland was conducted. To investigate the fit-for-purpose of the intrinsically safe (IS) instrument, laboratory experiments were performed. The obtained results were compared to the calibrated reference instrument readings and sling psychrometer data under variation in air flow velocity, moisture content and dust content.
Underground coalmine, temperature, humidity, real time
DOI: 10.1134/S1062739119015420
REFERENCES
1. Belle, B., Underground Mine Ventilation Air Methane (VAM) Monitoring—An Australian Journey towards Achieving Accuracy, Proc. of the 14th Coal Operators’ Conference, University of Wollongong, The Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy & Mine Managers Association of Australia, 2014.
2. Haustein, K., Widzyk-Capehart, E., Wang, P., Kirkwood, D., and Prout, R., The Nexsys Real-Time Risk Management and Decision Support System: Redefining the Future of Mine Safety, Proc. of the 11th Underground Coal Operators’ Conference, University of Wollongong & the Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, 2011.
3. Brady, D., The Role of Gas Monitoring in the Prevention and Treatment of Mine Fires, Proc. of 2008 Coal Operators’ Conference, University of Wollongong & the Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, 2008.
4. Gillies, A. D. S., Wu, H.W., Mayes, T.I., and Halim, A., The Challenge of Measuring Airflow through Mine Regulators to Allow Real Time Ventilation Monitoring, Proc. of Queensland Mining Industry Health and Safety Conference, Townsville, 2002.
5. Crowley, K., Frisby, J., Murphy, S., Roantree, M., and Diamond, D., Web-Based Real-Time Temperature Monitoring of Shellfish Catches Using a Wireless Sensor Network, Sens. Actuators A, 2005, vol. 122, no. 2, pp. 222–230.
6. Khanal, M., McPhee, R., Belle, B., Brisbane, P., and Kathage, B., Study of Real-Time Dry Bulb and Relative Humidity Sensors in Underground Coal Mines, Int. J. Thermophys., 2016, vol. 37, no. 12, paper 117.
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