JMS, Vol. 51, No. 2, 2015

GEOMECHANICS

VERIFICATION OF KINEMATIC EXPRESSION FOR PENDULUM WAVES BASED ON THE SEISMIC MEASUREMENTS IN TERMS OF THE TASHTAGOL MINE AND ISKITIM MARBLE QUARRY
V. N. Oparin, V. F. Yushkin, D. E. Rublev, N. A. Kulinich, and A. V. Yushkin

Chinakal Institute of Mining, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences,
Krasnyi pr. 54, Novosibirsk, 630091 Russia
e-mail: 114@ngs.ru
Novosibirsk State University,
ul. Pirogova 2, Novosibirsk, 630090 Russia

Obtained in underground excavation in Tashtagol Mine, Kemerovo Region, and in dislocation area in karst in Iskitim marble quarry, Novosibirsk Region, the experimental data give evidence of the change in the velocity of seismic wave packets depending on energy of mechanical impulse inputs when elastic waves propagate in the system of mineral body–fault zone–mineral body. It is shown in the article that the resulting dependences between first arrivals of seismic wave packets and energy of impact (source) conform with the kinematic relationship typical for pendulum waves in high-stress structured geomedia.

Ore body, marble quarry, pendulum waves, elastic wave packets, energy level of impulse input, kinematic relationship, stress–strain state, structural blocks, fault zones

DOI: 10.1134/S1062739115020015 

REFERENCES
1. Kurlenya, M.V., Oparin, V.N., and Vostrikov, V.I., Generation of Elastic Wave Packets under Impulse Impact on Block Structure Media. Pendulum-Type Waves Vµ, Doklady AN, 1993, vol. 333, no. 4.
2. Kurlenya, M.V., Oparin, V.N., and Vostrikov, V.I., Pendulum-Type Waves. Part I: State of the Problem and Measuring Instrument and Computer Complex, J. Min. Sci., 1996, vol. 32, no. 3, pp. 159–163.
3. Kurlenya, M.V., Oparin, V.N., and Vostrikov, V.N., Pendulum-Type Waves. Part II: Experimental Method and Main Results of Physical Modeling, J. Min. Sci., 1996, vol. 32, no. 4, pp. 245–273.
4. Kurlenya, M.V., Oparin, V.N., and Vostrikov, V.N., Pendulum-Type Waves. Part III: Data of On-Site Observations, J. Min. Sci., 1996, vol. 32, no. 5, pp. 341–346.
5. Kurlenya, M.V. and Oparin, V.N., Problems of Nonlinear Geomechanics. Part II, J. Min. Sci., 2000, vol. 36, no. 4, pp. 305–326.
6. Oparin, V.N. and Simonov B. F., Nonlinear Deformation-Wave Processes in the Vibrational Oil Geotechnologies, J. Min. Sci., 2010, vol. 46, no. 2, pp. 95–112.
7. Adushkin, V.V. and Oparin, V.N., From the Alternating-Sign Explosion Response to the Pendulum Waves in Stressed Geomedia. Part I, J. Min. Sci., 2012, vol. 48, no. 2, pp. 203–222.
8. Adushkin, V.V. and Oparin, V.N., From the Alternating-Sign Explosion Response to the Pendulum Waves in Stressed Geomedia. Part II, J. Min. Sci., 2013, vol. 49, no. 2, pp. 175–209.
9. Adushkin, V.V. and Oparin, V.N., From the Alternating-Sign Explosion Response to the Pendulum Waves in Stressed Geomedia. Part III, J. Min. Sci., 2014, vol. 50, no. 4, pp. 623–645.
10. Aleksandrova, N.I., Elastic Wave Propagation in Block Medium under Impulse Loading, J. Min. Sci., 2003, vol. 39, no. 6, pp. 556–564.
11. Aleksandrova, N.I. and Sher, E.N., Modeling of Wave Propagation in Block Media, J. Min. Sci., 2004, vol. 40, no. 6, pp. 579–587.
12. Aleksandrova, N.I., Chernikov, A.G., and Sher, E.N., Experimental Investigation into the One-Dimensional Calculated Model of Wave Propagation in Block Medium, J. Min. Sci., 2005, vol. 41, no. 3, pp. 232–239.
13. Aleksandrova, N.I., Chernikov, A.G., and Sher, E.N., On Attenuation of Pendulum-Type Waves in a Block Rock Mass, J. Min. Sci., 2006, vol. 42, no. 5, pp. 468–475.
14. Sher, E.N., Aleksandrova, N.I., Ayzenberg-Stepanenko, M.V., and Chernikov, A.G., Influence of the Block-Hierarchical Structure of Rocks on the Peculiarities of Seismic Wave Propagation, J. Min. Sci., 2007, vol. 43, no. 6, pp. 585–591.
15. Aleksandrova, N.I., Sher, E.N., and Chernikov, A.G., Effect of Viscosity of Partings in Block-Hierarchical Media on Propagation of Low-Frequency Pendulum Waves, J. Min. Sci., 2008, vol. 44, no. 3, pp. 225–234.
16. Aleksandrova, N.I., Ayzenberg-Stepanenko, M.V., and Sher, E.N., Modeling the Elastic Wave Propagation in a Block Medium under Impulse Loading, J. Min. Sci., 2009, vol. 45, no. 5, pp. 427–437.
17. Aleksandrova, N.I. and Sher, E.N., Wave Propagation in the 2D Periodical Model of a Block-Structured Medium. Part I: Characteristics of Waves under Impulsive Impact, J. Min. Sci., 2010, vol. 46, no. 6, pp. 639–649.
18. Saraikin, V.A., Calculation of Wave Propagation in the Two-Dimensional Assembly of Rectangular Blocks, J. Min. Sci., 2008, vol. 44, no. 4, pp. 353–362.
19. Saraikin, V.A., Elastic Properties of Blocks in the Low-Frequency Component of Waves in a 2D Medium, J. Min. Sci., 2009, vol. 45, no. 3, pp. 207–221.
20. Sadovsky, V.M., Sadovskaya, O.V., and Varygina, V.I., Mathematical Modeling of Pendulum Waves Using the High-Performance Computing, Proc. 2nd Sino-Russian Joint Scientific-Technical Forum on Deep-Level Rock Mechanics and Engineering, Novosibirsk, 2012.
21. Oparin, V.N., Simonov, B.F., Yushkin, V.F., Vostrikov, V.I., Pogarsky, Yu.V., and Nazarov, L.A., Geomekhanicheskie i tekhnicheskie osnovy uvelicheniya nefteotdachi plastov v vibrovolnovykh tekhnolgiyakh (Geomechanical and Technological Background for Enhanced Oil Recovery by Vibro-Wave Technologies), Novosibirsk: Nauka, 2010.
22. Kurlenya, M.V. and Oparin, V.N., Sign-Variable Reaction of Rocks to Dynamic Impact, J. Min. Sci., 1990, vol. 46, no. 4, pp. 291–300.
23. Kurlenya, M.V., Oparin, V.N., Revuzhenko, A.F., and Shemyakin, E.I., Peculiar Response of Rocks to Near Range Blasting, Doklady AN, 1987, vol. 293, no. 1.
24. Oparin, V.N., Annin, B.D., Chugui, Yu.V., et al., Metody i izmeritel’nye pribory dlya modelirovaniya i naturnykh issledovanii nelineinykh deformatsionno-volnovykh protsessov v blochnykh massivakh gornykh porod (Methods and Instrumentation for Modeling In-Situ Studies into Nonlinear Deformation–Wave Processes in Block Rock Masses), Novosibirsk: SO RAN, 2007.
25. Gurvich, I.I., Seismicheskaya razvedka (Seismic Exploration), Moscow: Nedra, 1970.
26. Gurvich, I.I. and Boganik, I.I., Seismicheskaya razvedka (Seismic Exploration), Moscow: Nedra, 1980.
27. Gurvich, I.I. and Nomokonov, V.P., Seismicheskaya razvedka. Spravochnik geofizika (Seismic Exploration. Geophysicist’s Manual), Moscow: Nedra, 1981.
28. Puzyrev, N.N., Metody seismicheskikh issledovanii (Seismic Research Methods,) Novosibirsk: Nauka, 1992.
29. Oparin, V.N., Energy-Based Criterion of Large-Scale Rock Failure, Miner’s Week-2009 Proceedings, Moscow: MGGU, 2009.
30 . Mendecki, A. J. Seismic Monitoring in Mines, London: Chapman аnd Hall, 1997.
31. Kurlenya, M.V., Oparin, V.N., and Vostrikov, V.I., One Approach to the Prediction of Rock Bursts, J. Min. Sci., 1998, vol. 34, no. 6, pp. 471–481.
32. Oparin, V.N., Akinin, A.A., Vostrikov, V.I., and Yushkin, V.F., Nonlinear Deformation Processes in the Vicinity of Mine Workings, Part I, J. Min. Sci., 2003, vol. 39, no. 4, pp. 315–322.
33. Oparin, V.N., Akinin, A.A., Vostrikov, V.I., Yushkin, V.F., Arshavsky, V.V., Tapsiev, A.P., Samorodov, B.N., and Vilchinsky, V.B., Nonlinear Deformation Processes in the Vicinity of Mine Workings, Part II, J. Min. Sci., 2003, vol. 39, no. 6, pp. 523–533.
34. Oparin, V.N., Yushkin, V.F., Porokhovsky, N.N., Grishin, A.N., Kulinich, N.A., Rublev, D.E., and Yushkin, A.V., Effect of Large-Scale Blasting on Spectrum of Seismic Wave in a Stone Quarry, J. Min. Sci., 2014, vol. 50, no. 5, pp. 865–877.
35. Ukazaniya po bezopasnomy vedeniyu gornykh rabot na mestorozhdeniyakh Gornoi Shorii, sklonnykh k gornym udaram (Safe Mining Instructions for Rockburst-Hazardous Deposits in Gornaya Shoria), Novokuznetsk: VostNIGRI–VNIMI, 1991.
36. Shrepp, B.V., Mozolov, A.V., Boyarkin, V.I., et al., Stresses and Strains in the Zone of Stoping, Gorny Zh., 1979, no. 12.
37. Yushkin, V.F., Klimko, V.K., Chiglintsev, V.A., Shtirtz, V.A., and Rublev, D.E., Underground Chamber Roof Formation after Large-Scale Blasting in Tashtagol Mine, Geodynamics and Stress State of the Earth’s Interior Conference Proceedings, Novosibirsk, IGD SO RAN, 2013.
38. Programma upravleniya stantsiei seismorazvedochnoi inzhenernoi tsifrovoi Lakkolit 24-M: rukovodstvo operatora (Control Program of Seismic Exploration Engineering Digital Station Lakkolit 24-M: Operator’s Manual), Moscow: Logis LTD, 2005.
39. Orlov, V.A., Panov, S.V., Parushkin, M.D., Fomin, Yu.N., Sher, E.N., and Yushkin, V.F., Experimental Analysis of Elastic Waves in 1D Block Medium Using High-Sensitive Laser Measurements, Geodynamics and Stress State of the Earth’s Interior Conference Proceedings, Novosibirsk, IGD SO RAN, 2011.
40. Trubetskoy, K.N., Oparin, V.N., Chanyshev, A.I., Sher, E.N., Yushkin, V.F., et al., Razvitie resursosberegayushchikh i resursovosproizvodyashchikh geotekhnologii kompleksnogo osvoeniya mestorozhdenii poleznykh iskopaemykh (Resource-Saving and Resource-Regeneration Geotechnologies for Efficient Mineral Mining), Moscow: IPKON RAN, 2012.
41. Oparin, V.N., Seredovich, V.A., Tyshkin, V.F., Prokopieva, S.A., and Ivanov, A.V., Application of Laser Scanning for Developing a 3D Digital Model of an Open Pit Side Surface, J. Min. Sci., 2007, vol. 43, no. 5, pp. 545–554.
42. Oparin, V.N., Tapsiev, A.P., Rozenbaum, M.A., et al., Zonal’naya dezintegratsiya gornykh porod i ustoichivost’ podzemnykh vyrabotok (Zonal Disintegration of Rocks and Stability of Underground Excavations), Novosibirsk: SO RAN, 2008.
43. Oparin, V.N., Yushkin, V.F., Akinin, A.A., and Balmashnova, A.G., A New Scale of Hierarchically Structure Representations as a Characteristic for Ranking Entities in a Geomedium, J. Min. Sci., 1998, vol. 34, no. 5, pp. 387–401.
44. Oparin, V.N. and Kurlenya, M.V., Gutenberg Velocity Section of the Earth and Its Possible Geomechanical Explanation. Part I: Zonal Disintegration and the Hierarchical Series of Geoblocks, J. Min. Sci., 1994, vol. 30, no. 2, pp. 97–108.

STRESS STATE IN THE VICINITY OF EXCAVATION IN DEEP HORIZONTAL BED
R. L. Salganik, A. A. Mishchenko, and A. A. Fedotov

Ishlinsky Institute for Problems in Mechanics, Russian Academy of Sciences,
pr. Vernadskogo 101, Moscow, 119526 Russia
e-mail: r-salganik@yandex.ru, a_misch@mail.ru
ITIN Science and Technology Association,
Dmitrovskii proezd 10, Moscow, 127422 Russia
e-mail: true-ten@yandex.ru

Based on the approach using the method of splicing asymptotic expansions with the retention of only the dominant term of the asymptotics, in plane strain conditions, the authors model stress state of rock mass with a horizontal bed with a long slot-like excavation. The rock mass is assumed elastic, uniform and isotropic, whereas the bed undergoes elastic and, then, elastoplastic deformation. In the latter case, the length of the face zone of plastic deformation is supposed to exceed the bed thickness and to be less than the length of the excavation.

Bed, underground excavation, Barenblatt–Khristianovich model, simulation of crack in the Prandtl field

DOI: 10.1134/S1062739115020027 

REFERENCES
1. Barenblatt, G.I. and Khristianovich, S.A., Roof Rock Falls in Underground Excavations, Izv. AN SSSR, OTN, 1955, no. 11.
2. Shemyakin, E.I., Rock Mass Mechanics, GIAB, 2006, no. 3.
3. Salganik, R.L., Mishchenko, A.A., and Fedotov, A.A., Plane Deformation of Elastic Rock Mass with a Bed with an Excavation Deforming First Elastically and Then Elastoplastically, Prep. IPMekh RAN, 2013, no. 1063.
4. Liberman, Yu.M., Abutment Pressure in Front of a Production Face, Fiz.-Mekh. Svoist., Davl. Razrush. Gorn. Porod, 1962, issue 1.
5. Salganik, R.L., Temporary Effects under Brittle Failure, Probl. Prochn., 1971, no. 25.
6. Salganik, R.L., Mishchenko, A.A., and Fedotov, A.A., Prandtl’s Fracture Model and Application in Solving Problems of Contact Interaction Mechanics, K 75-letiyu so dnya rozhdeniya professora Vladimira Markovicha Entova (To the 75th Anniversary of Professor Vladimir Entov), Izhevsk: Inst. Komp. Tekhnol., 2012.
7. Savruk, M.P., Mekhanika razrusheniya i prochnost’ materialov: sprav. posobie (Failure Mechanics and Strength of Materials: Reference Aid), vol. 2, Kiev: Naukova Dumka, 1988.
8. Muskhelishvili, N.I., Nekotorye osnovnye zadachi matematicheskoi teorii uprogosti (Some Basic Problems of Mathematical Theory of Elasticity), Moscow: Nauka, 1966.
9. Prandtl, L., Ein Gedankenmodell fur den Zerrei?vorgang sproder Korper, ZAMM, 1933, no. 13 (A Thought Model for the Fracture of Brittle Solids, Int. J. Fract., 2011, vol. 171).
10. Entov, V.M. and Salganik, R.L., Prandtl’s Model of Brittle Failure, Mekh. Tverd. Tela, 1968, no. 6.

HEAT EFFECT IN MECHANICAL EXCITATION OF SEISMIC WAVES
V. I. Yushin and D. E. Ayunov

Trofimuk Institute of Petroleum Geology and Geophysics,
Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences,
pr. Akademika Koptyuga 3, Novosibirsk, 630090 Russia
e-mail: yushinvi@ipgg.sbras.ru

The authors analyze seismo-thermal effect (STE) that is the internal heating of ground under the action of external vibration and impulsive mechanical oscillation within a frequency range from units to hundred of hertz. It is found the STE has some general features such as “fatigue”, relaxation and freezing. The article reports long-term temperature monitoring under a platform of a periodically actuated vibration source. The empirical relationship for the level of STE and the depth below the vibration source platform is offered, and the interconnection of the STE level and the vibration power is shown.

Temperature monitoring, seismo-thermal effect, heating velocity, dissipation, vibration source, vibrational impact, sweep signal, frequency–energy characteristic

DOI: 10.1134/S1062739115020039 

REFERENCES
1. Haentel, R., Rybach, L., and Stegena, L., Handbook of Terrestrial Heat-Flow Density Determination, Dordrecht–Boston–London: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1988.
2. Shimamura, H., Ino, M., Hikawa, H., and Iwasaki, T., Groundwater Microtemperature in Earthquake Regions, Pageoph., 1985, vol. 122.
3. Cermak, V., Safanda, J., and Bodri, L., Precise Temperature Monitoring in Boreholes: Evidence for Oscillatory Convection? Part 1: Experiments and Field Data, Int. J. Earth Sciences, 2007, vol. 97, no. 2.
4. Cermak, V., Safanda, J., and Kresl, M., Intra-Hole Fluid Convection: High-Resolution Temperature Time Monitoring, Journal of Hydrology, 2008, vol. 348.
5. Adushkin, V.V. and Oparin, V.N., From the Alternating-Sign Explosion Response of Rocks to the Pendulum Waves in Stressed Geomedia. Part I, J. Min. Sci., 2012, vol. 48, no. 2, pp. 203–222.
6. Adushkin, V.V. and Oparin, V.N., From the Alternating-Sign Explosion Response of Rocks to the Pendulum Waves in Stressed Geomedia. Part II, J. Min. Sci., 2013, vol. 49, no. 2, pp. 175–209.
7. Oparin, V.N., Kiryaeva, T.A., Gavrilov, V.Yu., et al., Interaction of Geomechanical and Physicochemical Processes in Kuzbass Coal, J. Min. Sci., 2014, vol. 50, no. 2, pp. 191–214.
8. Tsybul’chik, G.M. (Ed.), Aktivnaya seismologiya s moshchnymi vibratsionnymi istochnikami (Active Seismology with Powerful Vibration Sources), Novosibirsk: IVMiMG SO RAN, 2004.
9. Kurlenya, M.V. and Serdyukov, S.V., Determination of the Region of Vibroseismic Action on an Oil Deposit from the Daylight Surface, J. Min. Sci., 1999, vol. 35, no. 4, pp. 333–340.
10. Serdyukov, S.V., Influence of Vibroseismic Field on the Thermal and Filtration Processes in Bituminous Reservoir, J. Min. Sci., 2001, vol. 37, no. 2, pp. 117–123.
11. Savchenko, A.V., Comparative Analysis of Seismic Methods for Oil Recovery Enhancing, J. Min. Sci., 2006, vol. 42, no. 3, pp. 257–268.
12. Makaryuk, N.V., Seismic Vibration Treatment of a Pay Zone for Improvement of the Filtration and Production Parameters of Underground Metal Leaching, J. Min. Sci., 2009, vol. 45, no. 6, pp. 590–601.
13. Skazka, V.V., Serdyukov, A.S., Erokhin, G.N., and Serdyukov, S.V., Near-Field Range of the Direct Impact Seismic Source, J. Min. Sci., 2013, vol. 49, no. 1, pp. 60–67.
14. Khudzinsky, L.L., Research Findings on Temperature under Vibration Source Platform, Dokl. AN, 1990, vol. 314, no. 4.
15. Velinsky, V.V., Geza, N.I., Savvinykh, V.S., and Yushin, V.I., Heat Loss of Mechanical Energy in the Near-Field Range of a Seismic Vibration Exciter, Proc. All-Russian Conf. Geophysical Methods of for the Earth Crust Studies, Novosibirsk: SO RAN, 1998.
16. Kutasov, I.M., Determination of Temperature of Thermistor Sensors, Teplo- i massoobmen v merzlykh tolshchakh zemnoi kory (Heat and Mass Transfer in Permafrost), Moscow: AN SSSR, 1963.
17. Kazantsev, S.A. and Duchkov, A.D., Digital Monitoring Equipment for Temperature and Other Slow-Variable Parameters, Proc. Int. Geophys. Conf. III Millennium Seismology Problems, Novosibirsk: SO RAN, 2003.
18. Alekseev, A.S., et al., Methods for Direct and Inverse Problem Solving in Seismology, Electromagnetism and the Experimental Research in Geodynamics in the Upper Crust and Mantle of the Earth, Integ. Proekty SO RAN, 2010, issue 27.
19. Ayunov, D.E., Permyakov, M.E., and Yushin, V.I., Seismothermal Effect in Operation of Vibro-Source on Bystrovsk Test Ground, Proc. 8th Int. Cong. GEO-Sibir-2012, vol. 3, Novosibirsk: SGGA, 2013.
20. Yushin, V.I. and Ayunov, D.E., Thermal Effect in Soil under Vibration Impact, Proc. Int. Conf. Geo-Sibir-2014, vol. 3, Novosibirsk: SGGA, 2014.
21. http://www.helpw.ru/Teploemkost.php.
22. http://www.edudic.ru/tsp/1588/.
23. Geza, N.I., Egorov, G.V., Mkrtumyan, Yu.V., and Yushin, V.I., In Situ Experimental Research of Instant Variations in Seismic Wave Velocity and Attenuation under Pulsed Dynamic Load, Geol. Geofiz., 2011, vol. 42, no. 7.
24. Geza, N.I., Egorov, G.V., and Yushin, V.I., Stress State of Loose Medium under Pulsed Loading, Proc. Int. Conf. Geodynamics and Stress State of the Earth’s Interior, Novosibirsk: IGD SO RAN, 2004.

ZONAL DISINTEGRATION OF ROCKS AROUND BREAKAGE HEADINGS
M. Reuter, M. Krach, U. Kießling, and Yu. Veksler

Marco Systemanalyse und Entwicklung GmbH,
Hans-Boeckler-Strasse 2, Dachau, 85221 Germany
e-mail: mkrach@marco.de

The authors describe the model of rock failure around breakage headings in coal mines based on two-dimensional problem of the theory of creep with finite strains. The case of non-ring induced disintegration of rocks and the influence of ground conditions are illustrated.

Disintegration, longwall, structure, depth, lateral pressure coefficient, time

DOI: 10.1134/S1062739115020040 

REFERENCES
1. Shemyakin, E.I., Fisenko, G.A., Kurlenya, M.V., and Oparin, V.N., Zonal Disintegration of Rocks around Underground Workings. Part I: Data of In Situ Observations, J. Min. Sci., 1986, vol. 22, no. 3, pp. 157–168.
2. Oparin, V.N., Zonal Disintegration of Rocks and Elements of “Quantum Geomechanics,” Proc. 2nd Sino-Russian Forum Deep-Level Rock Mechanics and Engineering, Novosibirsk: IGD SO RAN, 2012.
3. Polevshchikov, G.Ya. and Plaksin, M.S., Gasdynamic Activity of Coal and Zonal Disintegration of Rocks in Development Drivage, Proc. 2nd Sino-Russian Forum Deep-Level Rock Mechanics and Engineering, Novosibirsk: IGD SO RAN, 2012.
4. Mirenkov, V.E., Zonal Disintegration of Rock Mass around an Underground Excavation, J. Min. Sci., 2014, vol. 50, no. 1, pp. 33–37.
5. Makarov, V.V., Ksendzenko, L.S., Golosov, A.M., and Opanasyuk, N.A., Effect of Setting Load on Characteristics of Zonal Disintegration Structure in a High Compression Stress Rock Mass around a Stope with Support, Proc. 4th Sino-Russian Forum Deep-Level Rock Mechanics and Engineering, Vladivostok: DVFU, 2014.
6. Zhou, X. and Qian, Q., Zonal Disintegration Mechanism of the Microcrack-Weakened Surrounding Rock Mass in Deep Circular Tunnels, J. Min. Sci., 2013, vol. 49, no. 2, pp. 210–219.
7. Wang, X., Pan, Y., and Zhang, Z., A Spatial Strain Localization Mechanism of Zonal Disintegration through Numerical Simulation, J. Min. Sci., 2013, vol. 49, no. 3, pp. 357–367.
8. Veksler, Yu. Kinetics of Bed Fracturing around Mine Workings, J. Min, Sci., 1987, vol. 23, no. 3, pp. 207–212.
9. Gurevich, G.I., Ratio of Elastic and Residual Strains in a General Case of Uniform Stress State, Trudy Geofiz. Inst. AN SSSR, 1953, no. 21.
10. Erzhanov, Zh.S., Saginov, A.S., and Veksler, Yu.A., Raschet ustoichivosti gornykh vyrabotok, podverzhennykh bol’shim deformatsiyam (Calculation of Excavation Stability under High Strains), Alma-Ata: Nauka, 1973.
11. Veksler, Yu.A. and Gumenyuk, G.N., Limiting Deformations as Criterion of Rock Failure, J. Min. Sci., 1977, vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 74–75.
12. Veksler, Yu.A. and Tutanov, S.K., Calculating High Creep Strains and Rock Failure around Mine Workings, Prikl. Mekh., 1983, vol. 19, no. 8.
13. Reuter, M. and Veksler, Yu., Prevention of Dynamic Events of Rock Pressure, Ugol’ Kuzbass., 2010, July–August.

PRINCIPLES OF INTEGRATED ANALYSIS OF MODERN STRESSES AND STRAINS IN THE OUTER CRUST OF THE AMURIAN PLATE
B. G. Saksin, I. Yu. Rasskazov, and B. F. Shevchenko

Institute of Mining, Far East Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences,
ul. Turgeneva 51, Khabarovsk, 680000 Russia
e-mail: adm@igd.khv.ru
Kosygin Institute of Tectonics and Geophysics, Far East Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences,
ul. Kim-Yu-Chena 65, Khabarovsk, 680000 Russia

The principles and findings of the research into modern stress–strain state of the outer crust within the Amurian lithospheric plate are described. The integrated geomechanical assessment of ground conditions uses the method of the remote sensing. The authors demonstrate information content of the offered approach to different scale data analysis aimed at either assessment of regional stress state, or at refinement of non-tectonic features in the zones of localization of rockburst-hazardous mineral deposits.

Modern stress–strain state, outer crust, Amurian lithospheric plate, different scale information models, rockburst-hazardous ore deposits

DOI: 10.1134/S1062739115020052 

REFERENCES
1. Adushkin, V.V. and Turuntaev, S.B., Tekhnogennye protsessy v zemnoi kore (Induced Processes in the Earth’s Crust), Moscow: INEK, 2005.
2. Aitmatov, I.T., Yalymov, N.G., and Stepanov, V.Ya., Geomechnics of Rocks Masses in Mountain-Folded Zones, Napryazhennoe sostoyanie porodnykh massivov, tekhnogennaya geodynamika nedr, geoekologiya gornykh raionov: izb. tr. I. T. Aitmatova (Stress State of Rocks, Induced Geodynamics, Geoecology in Mining Areas: I. T. Aitmatov’s Selectals), Bishkek: Ilim, 2008.
3. Levi, K.G., Sherman, S.I., San’kov, V.A. et al., Karta sovremennoi geodinamiki Azii. Masshtab 1: 5 000 000 (Modern Geodynamics Map of Asia. Scale: 1: 5 000 000), Irkutsk: IZK SO RAN, 2007.
4. Metodicheskie rekomendatsii po otsenke sklonnosti rudnykh i nerudnykh mestorozhdenii k gornym udaram (Instructional Guidelines on Estimation of Rockburst Hazard in Metal and Nonmetal Deposits), Moscow: Rostekhnadzor, 2013.
5. Petukhov, I.M. and Batugina, I.M., Geodinamika nedr (Subsoil Geodynamics), Moscow: Nedra, 1996. 6. Rasskazov, I.Yu., Kontrol’ i upravlenie gornym davleniem na rudnikakh Dal’nevostochnogo regiona (Ground Control in Mines in the Far East), Moscow: Gorn. Kinga, 2008.
7. Rasskazov, I.Yu., Saksin, B.G., and Dovbnich, M.M., Issues of Stress Analysis at the Upper Levels of the Crust inside Tectonic Plates, Nauch. Vest. NGU (NGU Bulletin), Dnepropetrovsk: 2011.
8. Volchanskaya, I.K., Kochneva, N.T., and Sapozhnikova, I.N., Morfostrukturnyi analiz pri geologicheskikh i metallogenicheskikh issledovaniyakh (Morphostructural Analysis in Geology and Metallogeny Research), Moscow: Nauka, 1975.
9. Tektonika, glubinnoe stroenie, metallogeniya oblasti sochleneniya Tsentral’no-Aziatskogo i Tikhookeanskogo poyasov. Ob’yasn. zap. k tekton. karte masshtaba 1 : 1500000 (Tectonics, deep structure, metallogeny in the zone of junction of Central Asia and Pacific Belts. Letter of Comment to Tectonics Map at Scale 1 : 1500000), Vladivostok–Khabarovsk: DVO RAN, 2005.
10. Shevchenko, B.F., Goroshko, M.V., Didenko, A.N., Gur’yanov, V.A., Starosel’tsev, V.S., Sal’nikov, A.S., Deep Structure, Mesozoic Tectonics and Geodynamics in the Zone of Junction of the Eastern Central Asia Belt and Siberian Plate, Geolog. Geofiz., 2011, vol. 52, no. 12.
11. Gil’manova, G.Z., Shevchenko, B.F., Rybas, O.V., Didenko, E.Yu., and Golovei, S.V., Linear Geologic Structures in the South of Aldan–Stan Shield and the East of the Central Asia Folding Belt: Geodynamic Aspect, Tikhookean. Geolog., 2012, vol. 31, no. 1.
12. Zlatopolske, A., Description of Texture Orientation in Remote Sensing Data Using Computer Program LESSA, Computers&Geosciences, 1997, vol. 23, no. 1.
13. Potapchuk, M.I., Kursakin, G.A., and Sidlyar, A.V., Improvement of Rockburst-Hazardous Lode Mining in the Eastern Primorie, Gorny Zh., 2013, no. 10.
14. Saksin, B.G. and Rasskazov, I.Yu., Principles of Rockburst-Hazardous Classification of Ore Deposits in Amur Geoblock, Proc. 4th Conf. Problems of Efficient Georesources Development, Khabarovsk: IGD DVO RAN, 2011.
15. Nazarova, L.A., Nazarov, L.A., and Dyad’kov, P.G., Mathematical Modeling of Kinematics of Central Asian Plates, J. Min. Sci., 2002, vol. 38, no. 5, pp. 411–417.
16. Filatov, V.T., Role of Stresses and Strains in the Crust Condition under Localization of Tectonic–Magmatic Processes in the Northwest Baltic Shield, Razv. Okhr. Nedr, 2009, no. 12.
17. Morozov, V.N., Kolesnikov, I.Yu., Belov, S.V., and Tatarinov, V.N., Stress–Strain State of Nizhnekansk Granitoid Massif—Probable Zone for Nuclear Waste Disposal, Geoekol. Inzh. Geol. Gidrogeol. Geokriol., 2008, no. 3.
18. Gzovsky, M.V., Osnovy tektonofiziki (Basic Tectonophysics), Moscow: Nauka, 1975.
19. Rasskazov, I.Yu., Saksin, B.G., Petrov, V.A., Shevchenko, B.F., Usikov, V.I., and Gil’manova, G.Z., Stresses and Strains at the Upper Levels of Crust of the Amurian Plate, Fiz. Zemli, 2014, no. 3.
20. Shevchenko, B.F., Gil’manova, G.Z., and Rybas, O.V., Geodynamics and Lineament Structures of the Amurian Tectonic Plate: Proc. 7th Kosygin’s Lectures: Tectonics, Magmatism and Geodynamics in the East Asia, Khabarovsk: ITiG DVO RAN, 2011.
21. Usikov, V.I., Dynamics and Structure of Tectonic Flows 3D Relief Model Analysis, Proc. 7th Kosygin’s Lectures: Tectonics, Magmatism and Geodynamics in the East Asia, Khabarovsk: ITiG DVO RAN, 2011.
22. Shevchenko, B.F., Saksin, B.G., Gil’manova, G.Z., and Dovbnich, M.M., Regional Geodynamic Features of Ore Fields in Transbaikalia and Russia’s Far East, GIAB, 2013, no. OV4.
23. Sosnovsky, L.I., Geomechanical Control in Gold Mines, Vestn. IrGTU, 2006, no. 3.
24. Rasskazov, I.Yu., Saksin, B.G., Petrov, V.A., and Prosekin, B.A., Geomechanics and Seismicity of the Antey Deposit Rock Mass, J. Min. Sci., 2012, vol. 48, no. 3, pp. 405–412.
25. Rasskazov, I.Yu., Saksin, B.G., Shabarov, A.N., Svyatetsky, V.S., and Prosekin, B.A., Control of Dynamic Rock Pressure Events at Antey Deposit, Gorny Zh., 2009, no. 12.

EFFECT OF ABSORPTION ON ACTIVE PRESSURE IN FLOURY SOIL
G. Hadzi-Nikovic, K. Dokovic, and S. Vujic

Belgrade University,
Dusina 7, Belgrade, Serbia
e-mail: gordana.hadzinikovic@rgf.bg.ac.rs
Institute IMS,
Bulevar vojvode Misica 43, Belgrade, Serbia
Mining Institute of Belgrade,
Batajnicki put 2, Belgrade, Serbia
e-mail: Slobodan.vujic@ribeogrda.ac.rs

Retaining walls are often built in unsaturated soil at shallow depth above groundwater level. It is critical to define active pressure in unsaturated soil for designing retaining walls, based on the expanded theory of lateral pressure by Rankin, considering interaction between active pressure and absorption of soil. For unsaturated floury soil occurring above groundwater level for a long time, the angle of internal friction is estimated based on the soil–water curve, for various depths of retaining walls and different values of absorption, which is constant and decreases with depth, the active pressures and critical height are determined for foundation pits with vertical unsupported walls. The results confirm that absorption reduces active pressure on a retaining wall and the critical height of the vertical walls of the foundation pits can be increased when absorption grows.

Unsaturated soil, absorption, soil–water curve, laboratory testing, active pressure, vertical foundation pit stability

DOI: 10.1134/S1062739115020064 

REFERENCES
1. Gens, А., The Development of Unsaturated Soil Mechanics, Proccedings of Suklje Day 2014, Slovensko geotehnisko drustvo, Ljubljana, 2013.
2. Fredlund, D.G., Unsaturated Soil Mechanics in Engineering Practice, Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering ASCE, 2006, vol. 132, issue 3.
3. Fredlund, D.G. and Rahardjo, H., Soil Mechanics for Unsaturated Soils, New York: Wiley & Sons, 2006.
4. Hadzi-Nikovic, G., Constitutive Dependencies of Unsaturated Soil Area of Belgrade, PhD Thesis, University of Belgrade, Faculty of Mining and Geology, 2005.
5. Hadzi-Nikovic, G., The Influence of the Grain-Size Distribution and Soil Structure on the Unsaturated Shear Strength of Loess Sediments in Belgrade, Anaales Geologiques de la Peninsule Balkanique, 2009, no. 70.
6. Vanapalli, S.K., Fredlund, D.G., Pufahl, D.E., and Clinton, A.W., Model for the Prediction of Shear Strength with Respect to Soil Suction, Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 1996, vol. 33, vo. 3.
7. Brooks, R.H. and Corey, A.T., Hydraulic Properties of Porous Media, Colorado State Univ. Hydrol. Paper, 1964, no. 3.
8. ASTM D 2325–68. Standard Test Method for Capillary–Moisture Relationships for Coarse- and Medium-Textured Soils by Porous-Plate Apparatus.
9. ASTM D 3152–72. Standard Test Method for Capillary–Moisture Relationships for Fine-Textured Soils by Pressure-Membrane Apparatus.
10. Vanapalli, S.K., Fredlund, D.G., and Pufahl, D.E., The Relationship between the Soil–Water Characteristic Curve and the Unsaturated Shear Strength of a Compacted Glacial Till, Geotechnical Testing Journal, 1996, vol. 19, no. 3.
11. Vanapalli, S.K. and Fredlund, D.G., Comparison of Different Procedures to Predict Unsaturated Soil Shear Strength, Proc. Geo Denver Conf. ASCE Special Publication, 2000, no. 99, Reston.
12. Skachkov, M.N., Density and Pressure in Granular Media in the Gravity Field, J. Min. Sci., 2011, vol. 47, no. 1, pp. 30–36.
13. Yakovlev, D.V., Tsirel’, S.V., Zuev, B.Yu., and Pavlovich, A.A., Earthquake Impact on Pitwall Stability, J. Min. Sci., 2012, vol. 48, no. 4, pp. 596–608.
14. Fredlund, D.G., Xing, A., Fedlund, M.D., and Barbour, S.L., The Relationship of the Unsaturated Soil Shear Strength Function to the Soil–Water Characteristic Curve, Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 1996, vol. 33, no. 3.
15. Barbour, S.L., The Soil–Water Characteristic Curve—A Historical Perspective and Application to the Behavior of Unsaturated Soils, Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 1998, vol. 35.
16. Bоbryakov, A.P. and Revuzhenko, A.F., Loose Material Flow on the Slope of Conic Embankment, J. Min. Sci., 2005, vol. 41, no. 2, pp. 105–112.
17. Wang, X., Pan, Y., and Wu, X.A, Continuum Grain-Interface-Matrix Model for Slabbing and Zonal Disintegration of the Circular Tunnel Surrounding Rock, J. Min. Sci., 2013, vol. 49, no. 2, pp. 220–232.
18. Mamaev, Yu.A. and Khrunina, N.P., Effect of Water Saturation on Elastic Characteristics of Alluvial Sands in Terms of the Nagim River Placer, J. Min. Sci., 2012, vol. 48, no. 5, pp. 798–802.

ROCK FAILURE

RATIONAL PARAMETERS OF BLASTING, CONSIDERING ACTION TIME OF EXPLOSION-GENERATED PULSE
T. Kabetenov, Kh. A. Yusupov, and S. T. Rustemov

Kazakh National Technical University after Satpaev,
ul. Satpaeva 22, Almaty, 050013 Republic of Kazakhstan
e-mail: kabetenov_t@ntu.kz

The developed pattern of calculation for the parameters of drilling and blasting in boreholes and shotholes is based on a charge design with reduced amount of explosive at the top. The calculation takes into account the action time of the explosion-generated pulse conditioned by outflow of detonation product gases. The authors have derived relations for such rational parameters of drilling and blasting that minimize costs of drilling at the same quality of rock fragmentation.

Blasting, breakage, explosion, borehole and shot hole diameters, borehole and shothole blasting

DOI: 10.1134/S1062739115020076 

REFERENCES
1. Baranov, A.O., Raschet parametrov tekhnologicheskikh protsessov podzemnoi dobychi rud (Calculation of Process Parameters in Underground Ore Mining), Moscow: Nedra, 1985.
2. Olofsson, S., Applied Explosives Technology for Construction and Blasting, APPLEX, 1990.
3. Demidyuk, G.P., Modern Theories on Blast Effect in a Medium, Drilling-and-Blasting Conference Proc: Head-Notes, Moscow: Skochinsky IGD, 1961.
4. Fadeev, A.B., Calculation of Hole Charges from the Viewpoint of the Wave Explosion Theory, Vzryv. Delo, 1964, no. 55/12.
5. Kabetenov, T., Rational Parameters of Drilling-and-Blasting in Thin Ore Bodies of Mirgalimsay Deposit, Alma-Ata, Kompleks. Ispol’z. Miner. Syr., 1990, no. 3.
6. Mindeli, E.O., Razrushenie gornykh porod (Rock Failure), Moscow: Nedra, 1974.
7. Terent’ev, V.I., Upravlenie kuskovatost’yu pri potochnoi tekhnologii dobychi rudy podzemnym sposobom (Fragmentation Quality Control in Continuous Flow Process Technology in Underground Ore Mining), Moscow: Nauka, 1972.
8. Dubynin, N.G. and Ryabchenko, E.P., Otboika rudy zaryadami skvazhin razlichnogo diametra (Ore Breaking by Different Diameter Charges), Novosibirsk: Nauka, 1972.
9. Andrievsky, A.P., Physicotechnical Validation of Parameters of Rock Fragmentation by Blasting of Elongated Charges, Synopsis of Doctoral Dissertation, Novosibirsk, 2009.
10. Aleksandrova, N.I. and Sher, E.N., Effect of Stemming on Rock Breaking with Explosion of a Cylindrical Charge, J. Min. Sci., 1999, vol. 35, no. 5, pp. 483–493.

SCIENCE OF MINING MACHINES

MANAGEMENT PROCEDURE FOR LIFE CYCLE OF REAR AXLE METALWORKS OF HEAVY HAULERS
I. A. Panachev and I. V. Kuznetsov

Gorbachev Kuzbass State Technical University,
ul. Vesennyaya 28, Kemerovo, 650000 Russia
e-mail: kuznetcov-ilia@yandex.ru

The authors analyze stresses and strains in elements of undercarriage steel constructions of heavy haulers and state the law of mathematical expectation of stress amplitude. The polynomial relation is set between specific energy input and mathematical expectation of stress amplitude. The maximum permissible operation conditions are found for heavy haulers based on criteria of energy intensity of blasted rock transportation and endurance of steel constructions of rear axle.

Heavy haulers, energy intensity, endurance, road grade, stress–strain state

DOI: 10.1134/S1062739115020088 

REFERENCES
1. Khokhryakov, V.S., Lel’, Yu.I., Voroshilov, G.A., and Nikolaev, N.A., Estimating Energy Efficiency of Transport in Open Pit Mine under Market Economy Conditions, Proc. 7th Int. Conf. Problems of Open Pit Mine Transport, Ekaterinburg: IGD UrO RAN, 2005.
2. Zyryanov, I.V., Improvement of Open Pit Mine Transport Performance under Extreme Operating Conditions, Dissertation Dr. Tech. Sci., Saint-Petersburg, 2006.
3. Panachev, I.A. and Kuznetsov, I.V., Validation of Load on Metalworks of Heavy-Duty Trucks in Rock Hauling in Open Pit Mines in Kuzbass, Proc. 15th Int. Conf. Energy Safety of Russia: New Approaches to Coal Industry Development, Kemerovo, 2013.
4. Bolotin, V.V., Prognoz resursa mashin i konstruktsii (Forecast of Life of Machines and Structures), Moscow: Mashinostroenie, 1984.
5. Voroshilov, G.A., Transport Operation in Complex Configuration Open Pits with Bottom-Up and Downward Overburden Removal, Izv. vuzov, Gorny Zh., 2007, no. 7.
6. Vujic, S., Miljanovic, I., Maksimovic, S., and Milutinovic, A., Optimal Dynamic Management of Exploitation Life of the Mining Machinery: Models with Undefined Interval, J. Min. Sci., 2010, vol. 46, no. 4, pp. 425–430.
7. Panachev, I.A. and Cherezov, A.A., Experimental Research Procedure for Loading of Structural Elements of Shovels, Vestn. KuzGTU, 2013, no. 1.
8. Vasil’ev, M.V., Smirnov, V.P., and Kuleshov, A.A., Ekspluatatsiya kar’ernogo avtotransporta (Operation of Transport in Open Pit Mines), Moscow: Nedra, 1979.
9. Panachev, I.A. and Kuznetsov, I.V., Estimate of Energy Intensity of Rock Hauling by Heavy-Duty Trucks in Open Pit Mines in Kuzbass, Vestn. KuzGTU, 2011, no. 4.
10. Panachev, I.A. and Kuznetsov, I.V., Analysis of Road Gradient on Energy Intensity of Rock Hauling by Heavy-Duty Dump Trucks, Vestn. KuzGTU, 2013, no. 6.
11. Khubaev, B.G. and Tvertiev, M.V., Osobennosti konstruktsii i perspektivy razvitiya kar’ernykh samosvalov gruzopod’emnost’yu svyshe 30 t: obzornaya informatsiya (Design and Prospects for Open Pit Mine Trucks with Capacity over 30 t: Review), Moscow: NII Avtoprom, 1985.
12. Manakov, L.A., Igumnov, A.A., and Kolarzh, Monitoring Technical State of Transportation Vehicles and Production Machines, J. Min. Sci., 2013, vol. 49, no. 4, pp. 630–636.

DYNAMICS OF POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT HYDRAULIC PERCUSSION SYSTEMS OF SINGLE-SIDED BACK ACTION
L. V. Gorodilov

Chinakal Institute of Mining, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Krasnyi pr. 54, Novosibirsk, 630091 Russia e-mail: gor@misd.nsc.ru

The article describes mathematical model of positive-displacement hydropercussion system of single-sided back action. The principal dynamic similarity criteria found are: the reduced ratio between areas of back-stroke chamber and gas chamber; the value proportional to the ratio between potential energy of accumulator and kinetic energy of hammer; the dimensionless lengths of back stroke and gas strut. Based on numerical calculations performed within a wide range of input parameters (similarity criteria), the author has plotted nomograms of isolines of the integral input characteristics and oscillograms of dynamic characteristics, which enables revealing basic mechanisms of behavior of the discussed system in the single-blow limit cycles. In the domain of practical significance parameters, the analytically estimated dimensionless pre-blow velocity should not be higher than 810 units.

Percussion system, autooscillations, limit cycle, similarity criteria, characteristics

DOI: 10.1134/S106273911502009X

REFERENCES
1. Belan, N.A., Use of Hydraulic Percussion Mechanisms in Drilling Machines, Gidravlicheskie udarnye mekhanizmy dlya buril’nykh mashin: sb. tr. (Hydraulic Percussion Mechanisms for Drilling Machines: Collected Papers), Prokopievsk: KuzNIUI, 1972.
2. Yantsen, I.A., Eshutkin, D.N., and Borodin, V.V., Osnovy teorii i konstruirovaniya gidropnevmoudarnikov (Principles of Theory and Engineering of Hydraulically and Air-Driven Hammers), Kemerovo: Memer. Kn. Izd., 1977.
3. Alimov, O.D. and Basov, S.A., Gidravlicheskie vibroudarnye sistemy (Hydraulic Vibratory Percussion Systems), Moscow: Nauka, 1990.
4. Arkhipenko, A.P. and Fedulov, A.I., Gidravlicheskie udarnye mashiny (Hydraulic Percussion Machines), Novosibirsk: IGD SO AN SSSR, 1991.
5. Dmitrevich, Yu.V., Ustroistvo i printsipy raboty gidromolotov (Composition and Operating Principles of Hydraulic Hammers). Available at: http://exkavator.ru/articles/gidromolot/ ~id=8292.
6. Gorodilov, L.V. and Fadeev, P.Ya., Analysis and Classification of Efficient Construction Diagrams of Self-Maintained Hydraulic Percussion Systems, Fundamental Problems of Geo-Environment Formation under Industrial Impact: Proc. Conf. with Int. Participation, Novosibirsk: IGD SO RAN, 2007.
7. Gorodilov, L.V., Performance Characteristics of Some Classes of Self-Maintained Hydraulic Percussion Systems, Modern Problems of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics: Proc. All-Russian Seminar, V.Ya. Rudyak (Ed.), Novosibirsk: NGASU, 2007.
8. Gorodilov, L.V., Basic Theory of Positive-Displacement Hydraulic Percussion Systems for Mining and Construction Machines, Synopsis of Dr. Eng. Dissertation, Novosibirsk, 2010.
9. Gorodilov, L.V., Model of Hydraulic Percussion System with a Constant Flow Rate Source, Percussion Vibratory Systems, Machines and Technologies: Proc. 3rd Int. Symp., Orel: OrelGTU, 2006.
10. Gorodilov, L.V., Analysis of the Dynamics of Two-Way Hydropercussion Systems. Part I: Basic Properties, J. Min. Sci., 2012, vol. 48, no. 3, pp. 487–496.

CALCULATION PROCEDURE FOR ELECTROMAGNETIC PROCESSES IN MULTILEVEL SEMICONDUCTOR CONVERTERS FOR ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT IN MINING
B. F. Simonov, M. A. Dybko, S. V. Brovanov, and S. A. Kharitonov

Chinakal Institute of Mining, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences,
Krasnyi pr. 54, Novosibirsk, 630091 Russia
e-mail: Simonov_BF@mail.ru
Novosibirsk State Technical University,
pr. K. Marksa 20, Novosibirsk, 630092 Russia

The authors propose a calculation procedure for electromagnetic processes running in converters with clamp diodes based on the numerical simulation and method of switching functions. The procedure is specific for the capacity to calculate basic indices of energy efficiency of semiconductor converters in various work modes. Moreover, the procedure is universal in terms of number of voltage levels and number of phases. Owing to modern computation techniques, the time and labor inputs in the calculation is greatly reduced. The proposed procedure has been experimentally tested.

Multilevel converter, switching functions, calculation procedure, vector pulse–width modulation, scalar pulse–width modulation

DOI: 10.1134/S1062739115020106 

REFERENCES
1. Lee, J.-H., Lee. S.-H., and Sul, S.-K., Variable-Speed Engine Generator with Supercapacitor: Isolated Generation System and Fuel Efficiency, Transactions on Industry Applications, 2009, vol. 45, no. 6.
2. Mining Shovels SIMINECIS SH. Higher Reliability and Lower Costs—With AC Drive Systems for Mining Shovels. Available at: https://www.industry.siemens.com/datapool/industry /industrysolutions/mining/simine/en/Mining-Shovels-SIMINE-SH-en.pdf.
3. Kharitonov, S.A., Simonov, B.F., Korobkov, D.V., and Makarov, D.V., Voltage Stabilization in Permanent-Magnet Synchronous Generator with Variable Rotation Frequency, J. Min. Sci., 2012, vol. 48, no. 4, pp. 675–587.
4. Simonov, B.F., Kharitonov, S.A., and Mashinskii, V.V., Mechatronic System “Synchronous Generator–Three-Phase bridge Rectifier” for Self-Contained Power Facilities, J. Min. Sci., 2012, vol. 48, no. 3, pp. 497–505.
5. Geist, A., Khlebnikov, A., Kharitonov, S., Bachurin, P., and Makarov, D., Mining Starting Unit Based on Semiconductor Electric Power Converter, Proc. 12th Int. Conf. Seminar EDM’2011, Altay Republic, Erlagol.
6. Rodriguez, J., Pontt, J., Newman, P., Musalem, R., Miranda, H., Moran, L., and Alzamora, G., Technical Evaluation and Practical Experience of High-Power Grinding Mill Drives in Mining Applications, IEEE Transactions оn Industry Applications, 2005, vol. 41, no. 3.
7. Kouro, S., Malinowski, M., Gopakumar, K., Pou, J., Franquelo, L., Wu, B., Rodriguez, J., Perez, M., and Leon, J., Recent Advances and Industrial Applications of Multilevel Converters, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 201, vol. 57, no. 8.
8. Dybko, M.A., Analysis of Electromagnetic Processes in Modular Semiconductor Converter for Static Inactive Power Compensator, Dokl. Akad. Nauk Vyssh. Shkoly RF, 2013, vol. 21, no. 2.
9. Brovanov, S.V., Kharitonov, S.A., and Kolesnikov, A.N., Theoretical and Practical Aspects of Three-Vector PDM in Three-Phase Rectifier, Technical Electrodynamics: Special Issue, Part 2, Kiev, 2007.
10. Zinov’ev, G.S., Osnovy silovoi elektroniki (Principles of Power Electronics), Novosibirsk: NGTU, 2009.

PHYSICAL SIMULATION OF LOADERS WITH SCOOPING STARWHEELS
A. V. Otrokov, G. Sh. Khazanovich, and N. B. Afonina

Shakhty Institute (Division), Platov South-Russian State Polytechnic University,
pl. Lenina 1, Shakhty, 346500 Russia
e-mail: siurgtu@itsinpi.ru

The authors discuss experimental physical simulation of operation of loading aggregates with scooping starwheels. The main influencing factors and their ranges are determined, and the obtained results are interpreted. The authors give basic relations characterizing output and capacity of a loader with loading stars.

Cutter–loader, loader with scooping starwheels, experimental research, output, capacity

DOI: 10.1134/S1062739115020118 

REFERENCES
1. Otrokov, A.V. and Khazanovich, G.Sh., Selection of Parameters of Continuous Loading Facilities, Izv. vuzov, Sev.-Kav. Reg., Tekh. nauki, 2013, no. 4 (173).
2. Afonina, N.B., and Otrokov, A.V., Development of a Research Procedure for Loaders of Cutter–Loaders with Scooping Starwheels, Gorn. Oborud. Elektromekh., 2013, no. 1.
3. Afonina N. B., Otrokov, A.V., and Voronov, P.R., Experimental Research of Loaders with Scooping Starwheels, Proc. 1st Int. Conf. Priorities of the World Science: Experiments and Scientific Discussion, Saint-Petersburg, North Charleston, SC, USA: CreateSpace, 2013.
4. Khazanovich, G.Sh. and Lokhovinin, S.E., Experimental Research of Productivity of a Loader with Shovels, Shakht. Kar’er. Transport, 1984, issue 9.
5. Khazanovich, G.Sh., Afonina, N.B., and Otrokov, A.V., Physical Relationships in Rock Mass Loading by Scooping Starwheels, Gorn. Oborud. Elektromekh., 2013, no. 4.
6. Khazanovich, G.Sh., Load and Loader Interaction, Proektirovanie i konstruirovanie transportnykh mashin i kompleksov: ucheb. dlay vuzov (Design and Engineering of Transportation Machines and Equipment: Higher Education Aid), I. G. Shtokman (Ed.), Moscow: Nedra, 1986.
7. Afonina, N.B., Mathematical Modeling of Work Processes of Loaders with Scooping Sarwheels, Sovr. Probl. Nauki Obraz., 2013, no. 5.

ENHANCEMENT OF LOAD-BEARING CAPACITY OF GROUND ANCHORS WITH FLEXIBLE TENDON
A. A. Kramadzhyan, E. P. Rusin, S. B. Stazhevsky, and G. N. Khan

Chinakal Institute of Mining, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences,
Krasnyi pr. 54, Novosibirsk, 630091 Russia
e-mail: gmmlab@misd.snc.ru

The effect described by the Euler formula for a flexible line being under tension and wrapping around a rigid support is experimentally proved to implement in the case of a nonrigid support being a ground base. Model and field experiments show essential rise in the load-bearing capacity of ground anchors with flexible tendon—E-anchors, owing to this effect. Equipment for installation of the anchors is designed and trialed. Using DEM, a 2D problem on the efficiency of the new anchors as a function of direction of pull out force applied to the tendon is solved. The E-anchors are supposed to be promising for the application in construction and operation of engineering structures.

Ground anchor, flexible tendon, interaction with ground base, friction force, Euler formula, discrete element method

DOI: 10.1134/S1062739115020143 

REFERENCES
1. Smorodinov, M.I., Ankernye ustroistva v stroitel’stve (Anchors in Construction), Moscow: Stroiizdat, 1983.
2. Xanthakos, P.P., Ground Anchors and Anchored Structures, N.Y.: Wiley, John & Sons, 1991.
3. Das, B.M., Earth Anchors, J. Ross Publishing, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA, 2007.
4. Rusin, E.P., Smolyanitsky, B.N., and Stazhevsky, S.B., Soil Anchors—The Methods and Machines for Their Installation, J. Min. Sci., 2007, vol. 43, no. 6, pp. 640–645.
5. Stazhevsky, S.B., Kramadzhyan, A.A., Rusin, E.P, and Khan, G.N., RF patent no. 2457293, Byull. Izobret., 2012, no. 21.
6. Butenin, N.V., Lunts, Ya., and Merkin, D.R., Kurs teoreticheskoi mekhaniki: ucheb. dlya vuzov (Course on Theoretical Mechanics: Higher Education Textbook), vol. I, Statics and Kinematics, Moscow: Nauka, 1985.
7. Gurkov, K.S., Klimashko, V.V., Kostylev, A.D., Plavskikh, V.D., Rusin, E.P., Smolyanitsky, B.N., Tupitsin, K.K., and Chepurnoi, N.P., Pnevmoproboiniki (Pneumatic Punchers), Novosibirsk: IDG SO AN SSSR, 1990.
8. Kramadzhyan, A.A., Rusin, E.P., Stazhevsky, S.B., and Khan, G.N., Rotary Ground Anchors with Flexible Pull Bar: Interaction with Ground, J. Min. Sci., 2012, vol. 48, no. 6, pp. 998–1005.
9. Khan, G.N., Nonsymmetrical Destruction of Rocks at a Cavity, Fiz. Mezomekh., 2008, vol. 11, no. 1.
10. Khan, G.N., Discrete Element Modeling of Rock Failure Dynamics, J. Min. Sci., 2012, vol. 48, no. 1, pp. 96–102.
11. Lanis, A.L. and Khan, G.N., Geomedium Model Modification for DEM Solution of Problems in Soil Mechanics, Vest. TGASU, 2012, no. 1.
12. Klishin, S.V., Mikenina, O.A., and Revuzhenko, A.F., Deformation of Granular Material around a Rigid Inclusion, J. Min. Sci., 2014, vol. 50, no. 2, pp. 229–234.

SELECTING SHAPE OF REINFORCEMENT INSERTIONS FOR TANGENTIAL SWIVEL CUTTERS OF MINING MACHINES
P. D. Krestovozdvizhenskya, V. I. Klishinb, S. M. Nikitenkob, and P. B. Gerikeb

Mining Tool LLC,
ul. Bugareva 29, Novokuznetsk, 654034 Russia
e-mail: krepash@mail.ru
Institute of Coal, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences,
Leningradskii pr. 10, Kemerovo, 650065 Russia

The article focuses on improvement of strength and wear resistance of tangential swivel cutters intended for high-productivity coal cutting at minimized energy input. It is proposed to reinforce cutters by hard-allow indenter-ellipsoid that has no stress concentrations and cuts rock mass by shearing. Tests of engineering samples of tangential cutters in Kuzbass mines confirm the analysis data on the design of the reinforcement insertion.

Tangential swivel cutter, reinforcement composite insertion, shape, strength, destruction

DOI: 10.1134/S1062739115020155 

REFERENCES
1. Eickhoff SL100. The Shearer of the Future for Thick Coal Cutting, Ugol’, 2008, no. 10.
2. Gerike, B.L., Khoreshok, A.A., Gerike, P.B., and Lizunkin, V.M., Improvement of Cutting Tools of Hard Mineral Mining Machines, Gorn. Oborud. Elektromekhan., 2011, no. 1.
3. Khoreshok, A.A., Mamet’ev, L.E., Tsekhin, A.M., and Borisov, A.Yu., Gornye mashiny i oborudovanie podzemnykh gornykh rabot. Rezhushchii instrument gornykh mashin (Underground Mining Machinery and Equipment. Cutters of Mining Machines), Kemerovo: KuzGTU, 2012.
4. Prokopenko, S.A., Reztsepol’zovanie na shakhtnykh kombainakh (Use of Cutters of Shearers), Tomsk: TPU, 2012.
5. http: www.grins.ru.
6. Gerike, B.L., Filatov, A.P., Klishin, V.I., and Gerike, P.B., Modeling Destructive Effect Exerted by Shearing Discs of Heading-and-Winning Machines on a Rock Mass, J. Min. Sci., 2008, vol. 44, no. 5, pp. 497–503.
7. http: www.kennamttal.ru.
8. http: www.sandvik.ru.
9. Stepin, P.A., Soprotivlenie materialov (Strength of Materials), Moscow: Vyssh. shk., 1988.
10. Fedorenkov, A.P. and Basov, K.A., AutoCAD 2000: prakticheskii kurs (AutocaCAD 2000: Practical Course), Moscow: DESS KOM, 2000.
11. Gorshkov, A.G. and Troshin, V.N., Soprotivlenie materialov (Strength of Materials), Moscow: Fizmatlit, 2000.
12. Kunze, G., Ehler A., and Gericke, B., Kontinuierlicher Gewinnunsvorgang im Festgestein, Surface Mining, Braunkohle & Other Minerals, 2001, no. 2.
13. Basov, K.A., ANSYS: spravochnik pol’zovatelya (ANSYS: User’s Manual), Moscow: DMK Press, 2005.
14. Chigarev, A.V., Kravchuk, A.S., and Smalyuk, A.F., ANSYS dlya inzhenerov: sprav. posobie (ANSYS for Engineers: Reference Aid), Moscow: Mashinostroenie-1, 2004.
15. Morozov, E.M. and Nikishkov, G.P., Metod konechnykh elementov v mekhanike razrusheniya (Finite Element Method in Failure Mechanics), Moscow: Nauka, 1980.
16. Krestovozdvizhensky, P.D., Enhancement of Strength of Tangential Swivel Cutters for Shearers, Cand. Tech. Sci. Dissertation, Kemerovo: KuzGTU, 2011.

MINERAL MINING TECHNOLOGY

ENHANCED DIMENSION STONE PRODUCTION IN QUARRIES WITH COMPLEX NATURAL JOINTING
G. D. Pershin and M. S. Ulyakov

Nosov Magnitogorsk State Technical University,
pr. Lenina 38, Magnitogorsk, 455000 Russia
e-mail: maxim-atlet@yandex.ru

It is suggested to enhance output of marketable dimension stone in quarries with complex inclined and flat-lying fracture networks by minimizing in-process loss as well as by optimizing cutting bench height in order to benefit from higher production rate and lower cutting cost. The procedure has been developed for calculating rational parameters of a combination method of high-strength dimension stone preparation for cutting at the deposits with complicated ground conditions based on the high-bench two-stage scheme when the first stage is wire sawing of solid blocks and the second stage is cutting of solid block into marketable size blocks using dimension stone drilling rigs.

Dimension stone block output, rock mass fracturing, high bench, high-strength stone, solid block, marketable blocks

DOI: 10.1134/S1062739115020167 

REFERENCES
1. Ulyakov, M.S., Improvement of High-Strength Stone Cutting in Rock Mass of Complex Geological Structure, SWorld, 2012, vol. 8, issue 4.
2. Pershin, G.D., Karaulov, N.G., and Ulyakov, M.S., The Research of High-Strength Dimension Stone Mining Technological Schemes in Russia and Abroad, SWorld, 2013, vol. 11, issue 2.
3. Aglyukov, Kh.I., Validation of Granite Cutting Technology, Dobycha, obrabotka i primenenie prirodnogo kamnya: sb. nauch. tr. (Cutting, Processing and Use of Natural Stone: Collection of Scientific Papers), Magnitogorsk: MGTU, 2003.
4. Aglyukov, Kh.I., Improvement of Granite Cutting Quality, Ekonomika, upravlenie, kachestvo: mezhvuz. sb. nauch. tr. (Economy, Management, Quality: Interinstitutional Collection of Scientific Papers), Magnitogorsk: MGTU, 2003.
5. Velikanov, V. S. Improvement of Crowd Crawler Shovel Performance in Open Pit Mining, Cand. Tech. Sci. Dissertation, Ekaterinburg, 2009.
6. Dubrovsky A. B. and Ulyakov, M.S., Choice of Equipment for Cutting Low Sanarka Grandiorite, Gorny Zh., 2011, no. 5.
7. Aglyukov, Kh.I., Efficiency of Breakstone Production from Granite, Dobycha, obrabotka i primenenie prirodnogo kamnya: sb. nauch. tr. (Cutting, Processing and Use of Natural Stone: Collection of Scientific Papers), Magnitogorsk: MGTU, 2003.
8. Ulyakov, M.S., Justification of Combination Cutting Method for High-Strength Stone, Cand. Tech. Sci. Dissertation, Magnitogorsk: MGTU, 2013.
9. Pershin, G.D., Karaulov, N.G., Ulyakov, M.S., and Sharov, V.N., Features of Diamond-Wire Saws Application for Rock Overburden Removal at Marble Quarry Construction, Sworld, 2013, vol. 14, issue 3.
10. Kosolapov, A.I. and Nevezhin, A.I., Modeling Rock Mass Jointing to Estimate Spatial Variation in Content of Blocks in Dimension Stone Deposits, Dobycha, obrabotka i primenenie prirodnogo kamnya: sb. nauch. tr. (Cutting, Processing and Use of Natural Stone: Collection of Scientific Papers), Magnitogorsk: MGTU, 2003.
11. Pershin, G.D. and Ulyakov, M.S., Analysis of the Effect of Wire Saw Operation Mode on Stone Cutting Cost, J. Min. Sci., 2014, vol. 50, no. 2, pp. 310–318.
12. Pershin, G.D. and Ulyakov, M.S., Justification of Combination Cutting Technology for High-Strength Stone, Izv. vuzov, Gony Zh., 2013, no. 4.

MINE AEROGASDYNAMICS

NATURAL DRAFT AND ITS DIRECTION IN. A. MINE AT THE PRESET CONFIDENCE COEFFICIENT
G. B. Lyal’kina and A. V. Nikolaev

Perm National Research Polytechnic University,
Komsomol’skii pr. 29, Perm, 614990 Russia
e-mail: bg@pstu.ru, nikolaev811@mail.ru

The article describes evaluation of natural draft (thermal drop of ventilation pressure) and determination of its direction in a mine. The measurements taken on main mine fan are processed based on the methods of mathematical statistics. The results allow evaluating the natural mine draft at the preset confidence coefficient, and the offered algorithm enables on-line control of mine ventilation.

Natural mine draft, estimation by means of confidence regions, thermal drop of ventilation pressure, mathematical statistics, main mine fan

DOI: 10.1134/S1062739115020180 

REFERENCES
1. Bruce, W.E., Natural Draft: Its Measurement and Modeling in Underground Mine Ventilation Systems, US: Dept. of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, 1986.
2. Linden, P.F., The Fluid Mechanics of Natural Ventilation, Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics, 1999, vol. 31.
3. Jianwei Cheng, Yan Wu, Haiming Xu, Jin Liu, Yekang Yang, Huangjun Deng, and Yi Wang, Comprehensive and Integrated Mine Ventilation Consultation Model, Tunneling and Underground Space Technology, 2015, vol. 45.
4. McPherson, M.J. and Robinson, G., Barometric Survey of Shafts at Baaulbay Mine, Cleveland Potash, Mine Vent. South Africa, 1980. vol. 33.
5. Hanjalic, K. and Launder, B.E., A Reynolds Stress Model of Turbulence and Its Application to Thin Shear Flows, J. Fluid Mech., 1972, vol. 52, no. 4.
6. Van Ulden and Holtslag, A., Estimation of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Parameters for Diffusion Applications, J. Clim. Appl. Meteorol., 1985, vol. 24.
7. Alymenko, N.I. and Nikolaev, A.V., Influence of Mutual Alignment of Mine Shafts on Thermal Drop of Ventilation Pressure between the Shafts, J. Min. Sci., 2011, vol. 47, no. 5, pp. 636–642.
8. Kazakov, B.P., Shalimov, A.V., and Grishin, E.L., Two-Layer Approximated Approach to Heat Exchange between the Feed Air and Ventilation Shaft Lining, J. Min. Sci., 2011, vol. 47, no. 5, pp. 643–650.
9. Mokhirev, N.N. and Rad’ko, V. V. Inzhenernye raschety ventilyatsii shakht. Stroitel’stvo. Rekonstruktsiya. Ekspluatatsiya (Engineering Designs of Ventilation Shafts. Construction. Reconstruction, Operation), Moscow: Nedra-Biznestsentr, 2007.
10. Nikolaev, A.V., Control over Thermal Drop of Ventilation Pressure in Potassium Mines, Synopsis of Cand. Tech. Sci. Dissertation, Perm, 2012.
11. Aivazyan, S.A. and Mkhitaryan, V. S. Prikladnaya statistika v zadachakh i prilozheniyakh (Applied Statistics in Problems and Applications), Moscow: YUNITI, 2001.
12. Lyal’kina, G.B. and Berdyshev, O.V., Mathematical Processing of Experimental Data: Educational Aid, Sovr. Probl. Nauki Obraz., 2014, no. 3 

MINERAL DRESSING

MORPHOLOGICAL VARIETIES OF GOLD IN MINERALS AND MINE WASTE IN THE WEATHERED CRUST
N. F. Usmanova, V. I. Bragin, A. M. Zhizhaev, E. N. Merkulova, and Yu. Yu. Fisenko

Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences,
ul. Akademgorodok 50, Bld. 24, Krasnoyarsk, 660036 Russia
e-mail: usman@icct.ru
Siberain Federal University,
pr. Svobodnyi 79, Krasnoyarsk, 660041 Russia
ESTAGEO Center,
pr. Leninskii 6, Bld. 1, Moscow, 119049 Russia

The article describes studies into morphology of gold in the initial ore and mining-generated silt in the weathered crust of the Yenisei Range using the methods of optical and electron microscopy. The authors have determined sizes and shapes of gold grains, nature of intergrowth of gold, ore and rock-forming minerals, and microadmixtures characteristic to free gold particles discovered in the initial ore and in old tailings pond.

Weathered crust, gold morphology, mining waste

DOI: 10.1134/S1062739115020192 

REFERENCES
1. Kalinin, Yu. A., Roslyakov, N.A., and Prudnikov, S.G., Zolotonosnye kory vyvetrivaniya yuga Sibiri (Gold-Bearing Weathered Crust in the Southern Siberian), Novosibirsk: GEO, 2006.
2. Seryuk, S.S., Zolotonosnye kory vyvetrivaniya Sibiri (Gold-Bearing Weathered Crust in Siberia), Krasnoyarsk: KNIIGiMS, 2002.
3. Polyakova, T.N., Rindzyunskaya, N.M., and Nikolaeva, L. A. Gold in Weathered Crust in the Urals, Ruda Metally, 1995, no. 1.
4. Cherepanov, A.A. and Kardash, V.T., Integrated Treatment of Gold-Containing Waste of Thermal Power Plants (Laboratory and Commercial Test Results), Geolog. Polezn. Iskop. Mir. Okeana, 2009, no. 2.
5. Cherepanov, A.A., Noble Metals in Gold-Bearing Waste of Thermal Power Plants in the Russian Far East, Tikhookean. Geolog., 2008, vol. 2, no. 2.
6. Naumov, V.A. and Naumova, O.B., Transformation of Gold in Mine Waste, E-Journal Sovr. Probl. Nauki Obraz., 2013, no. 5.
7. Makarov, V.A., Geologo-tekhnologicheskie osnovy revizii tekhnogennogo mineral’nogo syr’ya na zoloto (Geological and Technological Basis of Mine Waste Auditing to Find Gold), Krasnoyarsk: KNIIGiMS, 2001.
8. Lunyashin, P.D., Gold for the Future, Metally Evrazii, 2013, no. 4.
9. Ozhogin, D.O., Orlova, N.I., and Vlasov, N.G., Dispersed Gold in Gold–Sulfide and Sulfide–Quartz Ore, Proc. Sci. Conf. to the 80th Anniversary of the Kola Science Center RAS on Gold of the Kola Peninsula and Adjacent Areas, Yu.L. Voitekhovsky (Ed.), Apatity, 2010.
10. Barannikov, A.G. and Osovetsky, B.M., Morphological Varieties and Surface Nanorelief of Native Gold at Different Age Places in the Ural, Litosfera, 2013, no. 3.
11. Tsykin, R.A., and Tsykin, S.R., Gold-Bearing Weathered Crusts and Karst-Controlled Formations in the Yenisei Range, Geologiya i poleznye iskopaemye Krasnoyarskogo kraya (Geology and Minerals in the Krasnoyarsk Territory), Krasnoyarsk: KNIIGiMS, 1998.
12. Petrovskaya, N.V., Samorodnoe zoloto. Obshchaya kharakteristika, tipomorfizm, voprosy genezisa (Native Gold. General Description, Typo-Morphism, Genesis), Moscow: Nauka, 1973.

SURFACE PROPERTIES OF DIAMONDS RECOVERED FROM METASOMATICALLY MODIFIED KIMBERLITES DURING PROCESSING
V. A. Chanturia, G. P. Dvoichenkova, and O. E. Koval’chuk

Institute for Problems of Comprehensive Exploitation of Mineral Resources,
Russian Academy of Sciences,
Kryukovskii tupik 4, Moscow, 111020 Russia
e-mail: dvoigp@mail.ru
Geological Research Unit, ALROSA,
Chernyshevskoe shosse 16, Mirny, 678174 Russia

Based on the mineralogical research package, the authors state adequacy of compositions of modified kimberlites and mineral processing slurry. Investigation results show high content of clayey minerals such as talcum, talcum–saponite, chlorite–saponite, Na–saponite and X-ray amorphous phase up to 50%. Calcite, dolomite and serpentine are present. Using optical microscopy, infrared spectroscopy and X-ray microspectral analysis, the surface composition of natural diamonds is studied when they interact with the traced minerals. The authors have found the sequence and conditions for mineral formations on diamond surface during processing of metasomatically modified kimberlites.

Kimberlite, slurry, diamond, mineral, analysis, mineral formations, admixtures, hydrophobic property, surface

DOI: 10.1134/S1062739115020209 

REFERENCES
1. Chanturia, V.A., Trofimova, V.A., Dikov, Yu.P., Bogachev, V.I., and Dvoichenkova, G.P., Connection of Surface and Processing Properties of Diamonds in Kimberlite Dressing, Gorny Zh., 1998, nos. 11 and 12.
2. Chanturia, V.A., Trofimova, V.A., Dikov, Yu.P., Bogachev, V.I., Dvoichenkova, G.P., and Minenko, V.G., Passivation and Activation of Diamond Surface in Processing of Diamond Ore, Obog. rud, 1999, no. 3.
3. Dyukarev, V.P., Kalitin, V.T., Makhrachev, A.F., Zuev, A.V., Chanturia, V.A., Dvoichenkova, G.P., Trofimova, E.A., and Bychkova, G.M., Development and Introduction of Electrochemical Treatment Technology in Processing of Kimberlites, Gorny Zh., 2000, no. 7.
4. Chanturia, V.A., Trofimova, E.A., Dvoichenkova, G.P., Bogachev, V.I., Minenko, V.G., and Dikov, Yu.P., Theory and Practice of Electrochemical Water Treatment Aimed to Intensify Benefication of Diamond-Bearing Kimberlites, Gorny Zh., 2005, no. 4.
5. Dvoichenkova, G.P., Mineral Formations on Natural Diamond Surface and Their Destruction Using Electrochemically Modified Mineralized Water, J. Min. Sci., 2014, vol. 50, no. 4, pp. 788–799.
6. Kulakova, I.I. and Rudenko, A.P., Heterogeneous Catalysis in Diamond Conversions, Kataliz: fundamental’nye i prikladnye issledovaniya (Catalysis: Basic and Applied Research), Moscow: MGU, 1987.
7. Tabor, D., The Physical Aspect of the Diamond Surface, Diamond Research, 1975.
8. Aleshin, V.G., Smekhnov, A.A., and Kruk, V.B., Khimiya poverkhnosti almaza (Chemistry of Diamond Surface), Kiev: Naukova dumka, 1990.
9. Thomas, J.M. and Evans, E.L., Surface Chemistry of Diamond: A Review, Diamond Research, 1975.
10. Shergold, H.L. and Harley, C.J., The Surface Chemistry of Diamond, Int. Miner. Process., 1982, vol. 9, no. 3.
11. Kulakova, I.I., Surface Chemistry of Nano-Diamonds, Fiz. Tverd. Tela, 2004, vol. 46, issue 4.
12. Chanturia, V.A. and Goryachev, B.E., Benefication of Diamond-Bearing Kimberlites, Progressivnye tekhnologii kompleksnoi pererabotki mineral’nogo syr’ya (Advanced Integrated Mineral Processing Technologies), V. A. Chanturia (Ed.), Moscow: Ruda Metally, 2008.
13. Chanturia, V.A., Dvoichenkova, G.P., Trofimova, E.A., Chaadaev, A.S., Zyryanov, I.V., and Ostrovskaya, G.Kh., Modern Intensification Methods for Dressing and Finishing Diamond-Bearing Materials – 5 mm in Size, Gorny Zh., 2011, no. 1.
14. Brovkin, A.A. and Sidorenko, G.A., Rentgenograficheskii kolichestvennyi fazovyi analiz (RKFA) s ispol’zovaniem metoda vnutrennego standarta: metod, ukazaniya (X-Ray Quantitative Phase Analysis (XQPA) Using the Method of Standard: Method, Guidelines), Moscow: VIMS, 1984.
15. Gradusov, B.P., Mineraly so smeshanosloinoi strukturoi v pochvakh (Minerals with Mixed Layered Structure in Soils), Moscow: Nauka, 1976.
16. Maksimovsky, E.A., Fainer, N.I., Kosinova, M.L. and Rumyantsev, Yu.M., Analysis of Structure of Fine Nano-Crystalline Films, Zh. Struktur. Khim., 2004, vol. 45.
17. Holmberg, K., Jonsson, B., Kronberg, B., and Lindman, B., Surfactants and Polymers in Aqueous Solution, John Wiley and Sons, 2002.

METALLURGICAL SLAG DISINTEGRATION IN CENTRIFUGAL IMPACT CRUSHING MACHINES
I. V. Shadrunova, O. E. Gorlova, E. V. Kolodezhnaya, and I. M. Kutlubaev

Institute for Problems of Comprehensive Exploitation of Mineral Resources,
Russian Academy of Sciences,
Kryukovskii tupik 4, Moscow, 111020 Russia
e-mail: shadrunova_@mail.ru
Nosov Magnitogorsk State Technical University,
pr. Lenina 38, Magnitogorsk, 455000 Russia
Ural-Omega,
pr. Lenina 89, Bld. 7, Magnitogorsk, 455037 Russia

In focus are issues of metallurgical slag disintegration in centrifugal impact crushers. The article shows the model of material breaking in the centrifugal impact crusher chamber. The scheme of force interaction between slag particles and the crusher chamber is developed considering spread inertia load. It is found how structural parameters of crushing machines are connected with the process properties of slag, and the velocity and physico-mechanical properties of a slag particle are related. The authors give technological recommendations on adapting centrifugal impact crushing technique to mining waste pretreatment flowcharts.

Pretreatment, disintegration, crushing, centrifugal impact crusher, metallurgical slag, mining waste, physico-mechanical properties

DOI: 10.1134/S1062739115020210 

REFERENCES
1. Chanturia, V.A., Shadrunova, I.V., and Gorlova, O.E., Adapting Separation Processes to Mining Waste in Mineral Dressing: Problems and Solutions, Obog. Rud, 2012, no. 5.
2. Vaisberg, L.A., Bilenko, L.F., and Baranov, V.F., State-of-the-Art and Basic Trends in Pre-Treatment, Plaksin’s Lectures–2007 Proc. Current Problems in Complete Processing of Minerals and Mining Waste, Apatity: KNTs RAN, 2007.
3. Revnivtsev, V.I., Rational Organization of Mineral Unlocking Process in Accordance with the Modern Concept of Physics of Solid, Mekhanobr, 1975, no. 10.
4. Paladeeva, N.I., Impact Crushers, Gorny Zh., 1996, nos. 10 and 11.
5. Kosarev, A.I. and Silenok, D.S., Molotkovye drobilki dlya promyshlennosti stoitel’nykh materialov (Hammer Crushers for Building Materials Industry), Moscow: TSNIITEstroimash, 1979.
6. Shadrunova, I.V., Ozhogina, E.G., Kolodezhnaya, E.V., and Gorlova, O.E., Slag Disintegration Selectivity, J. Min. Sci., 2013, vol. 49, no. 5, pp. 831–838.

FLOTATION PROPERTIES OF FX-6 COLLECTOR IN SCHEELITE–SULFIDE ORE CONCENTRATION
L. A. Samatova, E. D. Shepeta, and S. A. Kondrat’ev

Institute for Problems of Comprehensive Exploitation of Mineral Resources,
Russian Academy of Sciences,
Kryukovskii tupik 4, Moscow, 111020 Russia
e-mail: samatova_luiza@mail.ru
Chinakal Institute of Mining, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences,
Krasnyi pr. 54, Novosibirsk, 630091 Russia
e-mail: kondr@misd.nsc.ru

The analysis of floatability of scheelite with FX-6 agent (produced in People’s Republic of China) shows that, as against sodium oleate, FX-6 consumption is to be increased in the bulk flotation circuit by 25% in order to have a comparable output. Given more stringent conditions in terms of depressor for retreating of rougher concentrates, the increased consumption of FX-6 enables obtaining the final concentrate with 60.4 % recovery of WO3 where the increment by 0.63% is thanks to essential reduction in scheelite loss in slurry. Based on the laboratory testing results, FX-6 agent is recommended for commercial trial. Scheelite–sulfide ore, calcic minerals, selective collectors, floatability

DOI: 10.1134/S1062739115020222 

REFERENCES
1. Barsky, L.A., Kononov, O.V., and Ratmirova, L.I., Selektivnaya flotatsiya kal’tsiisoderzhashchikh mineralov (Selective Flotation of Calcium-Bearing Minerals), Moscow: Nedra, 1979.
2. Abramov, A.A., Design Principles of Selective Collecting Agents, J. Min. Sci., 2011, vol. 47, no. 1, pp. 109–121.
3. Sorokin, M.M., Flotatsionnye metody obogashcheniya. Khimicheskie osnovy (Mineral Dressing by Flotation. Chemical Basics), Moscow: MISiS, 2011.
4. Shepeta, E.D., Samatova, L.A., and Kondrat’ev, S.A., Kinetics of Calcium Minerals Flotation from Scheelite–Carbonate Ore, J. Min. Sci., 2012, vol. 48, no. 4, pp. 746–753.
5. Shepeta, E.D., Development of Selective Method for Desorption of Collectors from Calcium Minerals and the Technology for Flotation of Fine-Grained Scheelite from Wolframium Ore of Vostok-2 Deposit, Synopsis of Cand. Tech. Sci. Thesis, Moscow, 1987.

MODELING HYDRODYNAMIC EFFECT ON FLOTATION SELECTIVITY. PART II: INFLUENCE OF INITIAL FEED SEPARATION INTO LARGE AND SMALL FRACTIONS
V. D. Samygin and P. V. Grigor’ev

National University of Science and Technology MISiS,
Leninskii pr. 4, Moscow, 119049 Russia
e-mail: visamiguin@yandex.ru
Enforcer Engineering,
Ryazanskii pr. 24, Bld. 2, Moscow, 109428 Russia

The numerical exercise of two subprocesses—attachment and detachment of air bubble and mineral particle—illustrates feasibility of 2–3 times improvement of concentrate quality in separate flotation of sand and fine material as compared to the standard processing. This effect is achieved owing to optimization of ratio of bubble diameter and dissipation energy for each out of 36 fractions of particles differing in size and content of copper. The relationship of hydrodynamic factors depends on the size of the particles and on the distribution of metal in them.

Model, selectivity, flotation, sand, fine material, bubble, dissipation

DOI: 10.1134/S1062739115020234 

REFERENCES
1. Kurmaev, R.Kh., Flotatsionnyi metod polucheniya khloristogo kaliya (Potassium Chloride Production by Flotation), Ekaterinburg: UGTU–UPI, 1995.
2. http://www.sevdor.com/cetco.ru/departments/coal.
3. Kozlov, V.A. and Novak, V.I., Column Flotation in Coal Industry, GIAB, 2011, no. 4.
4. Rulyov, N.N., Turbulent Microflotation of Ultrafine Minerals, Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy, 2008, vol. 117, no. 1.
5. Jameson, G.J., New Directions in Flotation Machine Design, Minerals Engineering, 2010, vol. 23.
6. Samygin, V.D. and Grigor’ev, P.V., Modeling Hydrodynamic Effect on Flotation Selectivity. Part I: Air Bubble Diameter and Turbulent Dissipation Energy, J. Min. Sci., 2015, vol. 51, no. 1, pp. 157–163.
7. Goryachev, B.Y., Nikolaev, А.А., and Il’ina, Е.Y., Analysis of Flotation Kinetics of Particles with the Controllable Hydrophobic Behavior, J. Min. Sci., 2010, vol. 46, no. 1, pp. 72–77.
8. Koh, P. T. L. and Schwarts, M.P., CFD Modelling of Bubble–Particle Attachments in Flotation Cells, Minerals Engineering, 2006, vol. 19.
9. Yoon, R.H. and Luttrell, G.H., The Effect of Bubble Size on Fine Particle Flotation, Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy Review, 1989, vol. 5.
10. Dai, Z., Fornasiero, D., and Ralston, J., Particle–Bubble Attachment in Mineral Flotation, Journal Colloid and Interface Science, 1999, vol. 217, no. 1.
11. Schulze, H.J., Hydrodynamics of Bubble–Mineral Particle Collisions, Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy Review, 1989, vol. 5.
12. Kostoglou, M., Thodoris, D., Karapantsios, Kostas, A., Matis, M., et al., Modeling Local Flotation Frequency in a Turbulent Flow Field, Advances in Colloid and Interface Science, 2006, no. 122.
13. Koh, P. T. L., Manickam, M., and Schwarts, M.P., CFD Simulation of Particle–Bubble Collisions in Mineral Flotation Cells, Minerals Engineering, 2000, no. 13.
14. Bourke, P., Optimizing Large Flotation Cell Hydrodynamics Using CFD, Output Australia, 2007, no. 19.
15. Linch, A.J. and Rao, T.C., Modelling and Scale-Up of the Hydrocyclone Classifiers XI, J. M. P.S, 1975.
16. Kondrat’ev, S.A. and Izotov, A.S., Influence of Bubble Oscillations on the Strength of Particle Adhesion with an Accounting for the Physical and Chemical Conditions of Flotation, J. Min. Sci., 1998, vol. 34, no. 5, pp. 459–465.
17. Kondrat’ev, S.A., Effect of Apolar Reagents and Surfactants on the Stability of a Flotation Complex, J. Min. Sci., 2000, vol. 36, no. 4, pp. 399–407.

FACTORIAL DESIGN OF SELECTIVE FLOTATION OF CHALCOPYRITE FROM COPPER SULFIDES
M. Kostović, P. Lazić, D. Vučinić, S. Deušić, and R. Tomanec

Belgrade University,
Dusina 7, Belgrade, Serbia
e-mail: milena.kostovic@rgf.bg.ac.rs

The lab tests have been carried out to examine the influence of different factors on selectivity of chalcopyrite flotation from copper sulfides with moderate content of pyrite. The authors use the factorial design of the experiments. It is studied how grinding fineness and xanthate concentration influence flotation of chalcopyrite and pyrite at different lime-adjusted pH values of pulp. It is found that the highest influence on copper recovery is exerted by the size of the ground ore, pH value and collector consumption. In view of the high activity of pyrite and the intergrowth of chalcopyrite and pyrite with gangue, it is required to grind ore up to 75–80% content of size –74 μm, while pH of the pulp is to be maintained at the level of 11 in all flotation circuits.

Flotation, chalcopyrite, pyrite, factorial design

DOI: 10.1134/S1062739115020246 

REFERENCES 1. Bulatovic, M.S., Handbook of Flotation Reagents, Elsevier, 2007, vol. 1. 2. Bushell, C. H. G. and Krauss, C.J., Copper Activation of Pyrite, Canadian Mining and Metallurgical Bulletin, 1962, vol. 55, no. 601. 3. Nicol, M.J., An Electrochemical Study of the Interaction of Copper (II) Ion with Sulphide Minerals, Proc. Int. Symp. Electrochemistry in Mineral and Metal Processing, P. E. Richardson, S. Srinivan and R. Woods (Eds.), Pennington: Electrochemical Society, vols. 84–10. 4. Allison, S.A., Interaction between Sulphide Minerals and Metal Ions in the Activation, Deactivation and Depression of Mixed Sulphide Ores, Mintek Report, 1982, no. M29. 5. Finkelstain, N.P., The Activation of Sulphide Minerals for Flotation: A Review, International Journal of Mineral Processing, 1987, vol. 52. 6. Ekmekci, Z., Aslan, A., and Hassoy, H., Effects of EDTA on Selective Flotation of Sulphide Minerals, Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing, 2004, vol. 8. 7. Statistical Procedures for Analytical Chemists, Cyanamid, March 1986. 8. Cullinan, V.J., Grano, S.R., Greet, C.J., Johnson, N.W., and Ralston, J., Investigating Fine Galena Recovery Problems in the Lead Circuit of Mount Isa Mines Lead/Zinc Concentrator. Part I: Grinding Effects, Minerals Engineering, 1999, vol. 12, no. 2. 9. Agar, G.E., Stratton-Crawley, R., and Bruce, T.J., Optimizing the Design of Flotation Circuits, CIM Bulletin, 1980, 73(184). 10. Lazic, P. and Calic, N., Boltzman’s Model of Flotation Kinetics, Proc. 21st Int. Mineral Processing Congress, 2000, vol. B, Roma.

ENHANCING THE DISPARITY IN FLOTATION PROPERTIES OF NONFERROUS METAL SULFIDES USING SULFHYDRYL COLLECTING AGENTS WITH DIFFERENT MOLECULAR STRUCTURES
V. A. Ignatkina, V. A. Bocharov, and F. G. D’yachkov

National University of Science and Technology—MIS&S,
Leninskii pr. 4, Moscow, 119049 Russia
e-mail: woda@mail.ru

The article reports analytical data on surface compounds of galena, chalcopyrite and sphalerite. By X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and IR spectroscopy, the authors find the oxidability series: PbS ≈ ZnS < CuFeS₂. Sphalerite has the largest amount of free water in the surface layer. The frother and non-frother flotation experiments show that floatability of monomineral fraction of galena is higher in neutral medium at sulfhydryl agent concentration under 10^-4 mole/l. In alkaline medium floatability of galena grows with increasing concentration of sulfhydryl agents, which degrades selectivity of flotation. Galena recovery is the highest with butyl xanthate and di-isobutyl di-thiophosphinate. Tests of adsorption use the method of isomolar series and non-frother flotation conditions. Constants of adsorption velocity are calculated at different ratios of strong (butyl xanthate) and weak (thionocarbamate) agents for galena, chalcopyrite and sphalerite. If thionocarbamate prevails, the adsorption velocity constant grows, and so does the recovery of chalcopyrite as against galena and sphalerite. The experimental results agree well with the production research data on samples from Stepnoe and Rubtsovsk polymetallic ore deposits.

Flotation, galena, chalcopyrite, sphalerite, xanthate, thionocarbamate, di-thiophosphate, combination of collecting agents, di-thiophosphinate, floatability, adsorption velocity constants, difference, surface compounds

DOI: 10.1134/S1062739115020258 

REFERENCES
1. Okolovich, A.M. and Makienko, I.I., Obogashchenie bednykh rud (Low-Grade Ore Processing), Moscow: Nauka, 1973.
2. Kozlova, I.P., Specific Complex Ore Processing at Rubtsovsk Ore Preparation Plant, Int. Sci. Tech. Conf. Development of High-Tech Processes at Mining and Smelting Integrated Works, Ekaterinburg: Ural. Rabochii, 2013.
3. Konev, V.A., Flotatsiya sul’fidov (Flotation of Sulfides), Moscow: Nedra, 1985.
4. Kakovskii, I.A. and Komkov, V.D., Investigation into Flotation Properties of Di-Thiophosphates, Izv. vuzov, Gorny Zh., 1970, no. 11.
5. Lui, G., Zhong, H., and Dai, T., Investigation of the Selectivity of Ethoxyicarbonyl Thionocarbamates in the Flotation of Copper Sulfides, Min. Metallurg. Proc., 2008, vol. 25, no. 1.
6. Kabachnik, M.I., Khimiya fosfororganicheskikh soedinenii (Chemistry of Phosphor-Organic Compounds), vol. 1, Moscow: Nauka, 2008.
7. Ignatkina, V.A., Bocharov, V.A., and D’yachkov, F.G., Collecting Properties of Di-Isobutyl Dithiophosphinate in Sulfide Minerals Flotation from Sulfide Ores, J. Min. Sci., 2013, vol. 49, no. 5, pp. 795–803.
8. Moulder, J.F., Stickle, W.F., Sobol, P.E., and Bomben, K.D., Handbook of X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy, Eden Prairie MN, Perkin-Elmer Corporation, 1992.
9. Brion, D., Photoelectron Spectroscopic Study of the Surface Degradation of Pyrite (FeS2), Chalcopyrite (CuFeS2), Sphalerite (ZnS), and Galena (PbS) in Air and Water, Applied Surface Science, 1980, vol. 5.
10. Litl, L., Infrakrasnye spektry adsorbirovannykh molekul (IR-Spectra of Adsorbed Molecules) Moscow: Mir, 1969.
11. Silverstein, R., Bassler, G., and Morrill, T., Spectrometric Identification of Organic Compounds, Hoboken, NJ, John Wiley & Son Inc., 5th Edition, 1991.
12. Melik-Gaikazyan, V.I., Abramov, A.A., Rubinshtein, Yu.B., et al., Metody issledovaniya flotatsionnogo protsessa (Methods to Study Flotation Processes), Moscow: Nedra, 1990.
13. Plaksin, I.N. and Glembotskii, V.A., Integrated Effect of Few Collectors in Flotation Process, DAN SSSR, 1952, vol. 82, no. 1.
14. Plaksin, I.N., Zaitseva, S.P., Myasnikova, G.A., Tyurnikova, V.I., and Khazhinskaya, G.N., Primenenie radioaktivnykh izotopov dlya issledovaniya protsessov flotatsii (Radioactive Isotopes in Investigation of Flotation Process), Moscow: AN SSSR, 1963.

EXPERIMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF EFFICIENCY OF WATER ELECTROLYSIS PRODUCTS IN THE CONTROLLED ADJUSTMENT OF DIAMOND SURFACE CHARGE
V. A. Chanturia, G. P. Dvoichenkova, I. Zh. Bunin, O. E. Koval’chuk, and V. P. Mironov

Institute of Comprehensive Exploitation of Mineral Resources, Russian Academy of Sciences,
Kryukovskii tupik 4, Moscow, 111020 Russia
e-mail: bunin_i@mail.ru
NIGP Research and Exploration Company, ALROSA,
Chernyshevskoe shosse 16, Mirny, 678174 Russia
Irkutsk Division, Institute of Laser Physics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences,
ul. Lermontova 130a, Irkutsk, 664033 Russia

The noncontact measurement of crystal surface charge and specific-designed equipment are employed to examine effect of model water systems having different physico-mechanical properties on the value and sign of charge of diamond and zirconium crystals. Experimental substantiation is given to the applicability of water electrolysis products to control surface charge of diamonds and other minerals with similar physical properties during their electric separation owing to the increased difference in the electric properties of the separated materials.

Diamond, zirconium, electric charge of crystals, products of electrolysis of model water systems, electric separation, X-ray fluorescence separation, surface

DOI: 10.1134/S106273911502026X

REFERENCES
1. Chanturia, V.A. and Goryachev, B.E., Obogashchenie almazosoderzhashchikh kimberlitov. Progressivnye tekhnologii kompleksnoi pererabotki minerl’nogo syr’ya (Processing of Diamond-Bearing Kimberlites. Progressive Integrated Mineral Processing), Moscow: Ruda Metally, 2008.
2. Chanturia, V.A., Dvoichenkova G. P., and Koval’chuk, O.E., Structural and Chemical Characteristics of Finely Dispersed Mineral Impurities at Diamond Surface and Efficiency of Their Destruction with Water Electrolysis Products, Gorny Zh., 2014, no. 1.
3. Chanturia, V.A., Trofimova, E.A., Dvoichenkova G. P., et al., Theory and Practice of Electrochemical Water Treatment Aimed at Intensification of Processing Diamond-Bearing Kimberlites, Gorny Zh., 2005, no. 4.
4. Chanturia, V.A., Trofimova, E.A., Bogachev, V.I., and Dvoichenkova G. P., Mineral and Organic Nanocompounds at Natural Diamonds: Their Formation Conditions and Methods for Their Removal, Gorny Zh., 2010, no. 7.
5. Chanturia, V.A., Dvoichenkova G. P., Trofimova, E.A., Chaadaev, A.S., Zyryanov, I.V., and Ostrovskaya, G.Kh., Modern Methods to Intensify Processing and Recleaning of Raw 5 mm-Size Diamond-Bearing Materials, Gorny Zh., 2011, no. 1.
6. Vecherin, P.P., Zhuravlev, V.V., Kvaskov, V.B., and Klyuev, Yu.A., Prirodnye almazy Rossii (Natural Diamonds in Russia), Moscow: Polyaron, 1997.
7. Bokii, G.B., Bezrukov, G.N., Klyuev, Yu.A., Naletov, A.M., and Nepsha, V.I., Prirodnye i sinteticheskie almazy (Natural and Synthetic Diamonds), Moscow: Nauka, 1986.
8. Novikov, N.V., Kocherzhinskii, Yu.A., Shul’man, L.A., et al., Fizicheskie svoistva almazov: spravochnik (Physical Properties of Diamonds: Reference Book), Kiev: Naukova Dumka, 1997.
9. Orlov, Yu.M., Mineralogiya almazov (Diamond Mineralogy), Moscow: Nauka, 1973.
10. Chanturia V. A., Trofimova E. A., Dvoichenkova G. P., and Zaskevich M. V., Electrochemical Pretreatment of Recycled Water in Flotation of Non-Sulfide and Diamond-Containing Ores, Proc. 19th IMPC, Precious Metals Processing & Mineral Waste & The Environment, Society for Mining, Metallurgy, and Exploration, Inc., 1995, vol. 4.
11. Ryabov, E.V., Processes for Contact Electrization and Dispersion of X-Ray Radiation in Natural Diamond Crystals, Cand. Phys.-Math. Sci. Dissertation, Irkutsk: NIIPF IGU, 2010.
12. Mukhachev, Yu.S., Investigation into Phenomena Related to Transition of Electric Charge in Natural Diamonds, Cand. Phys.-Math. Sci. Dissertation, Irkutsk: NIIPF IGU, 1977.
13. Mukhachev, Yu.S., Search for Physical Processes to Detect Diamond and Non-Ferrous Stone – 5 + 2 mm (0.5) in Size, Research Report no. GR 01840051145, Irkutsk, 1987.
14. Ryabov, E.V. and Mukhachev, Yu.S., Contact Electrization of Natural Diamond Crystals, ZhTF, 2010, vol. 36, issue 4.
15. Himpsel, F.J., Knapp, J.A., Van Vechten, J.A., and Eastman, D.E., Quantum Photoyield of Diamond (111)—A Stable Negative Affinity Emitter, Phys. Rev. B., 1979, vol. 20, no. 2.
16. Gavrilov, S.A., Dzbanovskii, N.N., Il’ichev, E.A., Intensification of Electron Flow with Help of Diamond Membrane, ZhTF, 2004, vol. 74, issue 1.
17. Pleskov, Yu.V., Elektrokhimiya almaza (Diamond Electrochemistry), Moscow: URSS, 2003.
18. Rakhimov, A.T., Suetin, N.V., Soldatov, E.S., et al., Scanning Tunneling Microscope Study of Diamond Films for Electron Field Emission, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B., 2000, vol. 18, no. 1.
19. Mearini, G.T., Krainsky, I.L., and Dayton, J.A., Investigation of Diamond Films for Electronic Devices, Surface and Interface Analysis, 1994, vol. 21.

MINING ECOLOGY

METHODOLOGY FOR ESTIMATING PROMISING DEVELOPMENT PARADIGM FOR MINERAL MINING AND PROCESSING INDUSTRY
K. N. Trubetskoy and Yu. P. Galchenko

Institute for Problems of Comprehensive Exploitation of Mineral Resources,
Russian Academy of Sciences,
Kryukovskii tupik 4, Moscow, 111020 Russia
e-mail: krasavin_08@mail.ru

Based on the analysis of etymological hierarchy of subsystems inside a complicated system, the authors substantiate and put forward a definition of a subsoil development method structured based on the degree of complexity of the development. It is hypothesized on information analogy between patterns of substance flows in biological and geotechnological systems, and the procedure has been offered for quantification of integrated subsoil development in terms of correlating the substance of lithosphere that enters a technological level and that passes to the next one, based on homeostatic transformation of mechanisms of biological substance flow where informative elements are replaced for technological target analogues.

Mineral and raw materials base, development, integrated subsoil development, criteria, procedure, target analogues, utilization efficiency, lithosphere substance

DOI: 10.1134/S1062739115020271 

REFERENCES
1. Trubetskoy, K.N. (Ed.), Osvoenie i okhranenie nedr Zemli (Development and Preservation of the Earth’s Interior), Moscow: Izd. Akad. Nauk, 1997.
2. Trubetskoy, K.N., Galchenko, Yu.P., and Burtsev, L.I., Ekologicheskie problemy osvoeniya nedr pri ustoichivom razvitii prirody i obshchestva (Ecological Issues in Subsoil Development under Sustainable Development of Nature and Society), Moscow: Nauktekhlitizdat, 2003.
3. Danilov-Danil’yan, V.I. (Ed.), Ekonomika S.SH.A. v budushchem (USA Economics in the Future), Moscow: Progress, 1982.
4. Mel’nikov, N.V., Problems of Comprehensive Utilization of Minerals, Gornaya nauka i ratsional’noe ispol’zovanie mineral’no-syr’evykh resursov (Mining Science and Rational Use of Mineral Resources), Moscow: Nauka, 1978.
5. Agoshkov, M.I., Razvitie idei i praktiki kompleksnogo osvoeniya nedr (Development of Theory and Practice of Comprehensive Subsoil Development), Moscow: IPKON AN SSSR, 1982.
6. Trubetskoy, K.N., Razvitie novykh napravlenii v kompleksnom osvoenii nedr (New Trends in the Field of Comprehensive Subsoil Development), Moscow: IPKON AN SSSR, 1990.
7. Buslenko, N.P., Kalashnikov, V.V., and Kovalenko, I.N., Lektsii po teorii slozhnykh sistem (Lectures on Theory of Complex Systems), Moscow: Nauka, 1971.
8. Reimers, N.F., Ekologiya (teorii, zakony, pravila, printsipy i gipotezy (Ecology: Theories, Laws, Regulations, Principles and Hypotheses), Moscow: Rossiya Molodaya, 1994.
9. Brodsky, A.K., Obshchaya ekologiya: uchebnik dlya studentov (General Ecology: Student’s Textbook), Moscow: Akademiya, 2007.
10. Avdonin, V.V., Ruchkin, G.V., Shatagin, N.N., Lygina, T.I., and Mel’nikov, M.E., Poiski i razvedka mestorozhdenii poleznykh iskopaemykh: uchebnik dlya vuzov (Mineral Prospecting and Exploration: University Textbook), Moscow: Akad. Proekt, Fond Mir, 2007.
11. Gorodnichenko, V.I. and Dmitriev, A.P., Osnovy gornogo dela (Basics of Mining), Moscow: Gornaya kniga, 2008.
12. Chaplygin, N.N., Galchenko, Yu.P., Papichev, V.I., Sabyanin, G.V., and Proshlyakov, A.V., Ekologicheskie problemy geotekhnologii: novye idei, metody i resheniya (Ecological Problems in Geotechnologies: New Ideas, Methods and Solutions), Moscow: Nauchtekhlitizdat, 2009.

INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT OF MINERAL MINING AND PROCESSING REGIONS—REAL MECHANISM OF STAGEWISE TRANSITION TO ECOLOGICAL–AND-ECONOMIC MODEL OF SOCIAL MODERNIZATION
G. V. Kalabin

Institute for Problems of Comprehensive Exploitation of Mineral Resources,
Russian Academy of Sciences,
Kryukovskii tupik 4, Moscow, 111020 Russia
e-mail: kalabin.g@gmail.ru

In accordance with the agreed terminology, it is concluded that mineral mining and processing industry cannot be environmentally clean. For these industry branches, it is assumed sufficient to transfer to ecologically justified technology and production featuring minimized environmental impact. The article offers formulation of basic conditions and innovation principles for integrated development of mineral mining and processing. In terms of Transbaikalia, the author introduces the notion of “regional power engineering” ensuring faster independent growth of mining regions and handling of their social and economic issues.

Mineral resources, ecological-and-economic development model, rational subsoil management, regional power engineering, demo projects

DOI: 10.1134/S1062739115020283 

REFERENCES
1. Bobylev, S.N., Formation of Anti-Stable Tendencies, Prirodopol’zovanie i ustoichivoe razvitie (Natural Management and Sustainable Development), Moscow: Tovarishchestvo nauchnykh izd. KMK, 2006.
2. Golubev, G.N., Geoekologiya (Geoecology), Moscow: Aspekt Press, 2006.
3. Akimova, A.T., Khaskin, V.V., Sidorenko, S.N., and Zykov, V.N., Makroekologiya i osnovy ekorazvitiya (Macroecology and Principles of Ecodevelopment), Moscow: RUDN, 2005.
4. Kalabin, G.V., Basic Principles of New Technologies, Ekoresurs, 2001, no. 3.
5. Kalabin, G.V., Kulov, S.K., Titova, A.V., and Pikhlak, A.-T.A., Zemlya zhivaya (The Living Earth), Moscow: VNIIgeosistem, 2010.
6. Kalabin, G.V., Ekodinamika territorii osvoeniya georesursov Rossii (Ecodynamics in Areas of Georesources Development in Russia), Lamber Academic Publishing, 2012.
7. Decree of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, dated March 10, 1988, no. 338, on Actions towards Accelerated Economic and Social Development in the Murmansk Region in 1988–1990 and over the Period to 2005, Moscow, Kremlin.
8. Ilyasov, V.N., Oil Shale of Russia: Feasibility of Development of Oil Shale and Coal in Transbaikalia and Republic of Buryatia to Produce Shale Gas, Shale Oil and Coal Methane, Panel Discussion Proc., Moscow: Transbaikalia Government–IPKON RAN, 2014.
9. Klement’ev, A.Yu., Fuel and Energy Reserves in Transbaikalia, Panel Discussion Proc., Moscow: Transbaikalia Government–IPKON RAN, 2014.
10. Al’tshuler, V.S., Gas Supply of Cities and Industries in East Siberia Based on Gasification of Solid Fuel, Proc. Con. East Siberia Production Development: Issues of East Siberia Coal Gasification, Moscow: AN SSSR, 1958.
11. Salikhov, R.P., Power Complexes for Deep Processing of Oil Shale to Produce Synthetic Oil and Gas Using Solid Heat Carrier Set UTT-3000, Panel Discussion Proc., Moscow: Transbaikalia Government–IPKON RAN, 2014.
12. Transbaikalia State Forest Service Official Website, Concept of State Forest Policy in Transbaikalia for the Period to 2020.

  Версия для печати