JMS, Vol. 46, No. 4, 2010

GEOMECHANICS

LIMIT LOADS IN THE PROBLEM OF INSTABILITY IN RIB PILLARS DURING AXISYMMETRICAL BULGING
A. I. Chanyshev and O. E. Belousova

Determination of a limit load in the problem of instability of rib pillars in the course of axisymmetrical bulging involves three variants of the pillar’s pre-critical state: elasticity, perfect plasticity and post-limit deformation. The problem formulation is after Leibenzon — Ishlinskiy. The task is to find limit loads of a pillar with a pre-set dimension, such that the pillar instability is axisymmetrical.

Elasticity, plasticity, post-limit deformation, limit load

REFERENCES
1. A. M. Lin’kov, «On the theory of pillar design,» Journal of Mining Science, No. 1 (2001).
2. G. V. Basheev and A. G. Chernikov, «Modeling of pillar failure,» Journal of Mining Science, No. 3 (2002).
3. A. A. Baryakh, S. A. Konstantinova, and V. A. Asanov, Deformation of Salt Rocks [in Russian], UrO RAN, Ekaterinburg (1996).
4. S. V. Lavrikov and A. F. Revuzhenko, «Modeling of deformation of pillars with consideration of the effects of energy storage and weakening of the material,» Journal of Mining Science, No. 6 (1994).
5. K. V. Ruppeneit, «Assessment of pressure placed on inter-chamber and barrier pillars,» in: Pillar and Crown Pillar Sizing Techniques [in Russian], AN SSSR, Moscow (1962).
6. Z. T. Bieniawski, Strata Control in Mineral Engineering, Wiley (1987).
7. A. M. Zhukov, «Necking of a sample under tension,» Inzh. Stroit., 5, No. 2 (1949).
8. A. N. Stavrogin and A. G. Protosenya, Rocks Strength and the Stability of Deep Excavations [in Russian], Nedra, Moscow (1967).
9. A. S. Vol’mir, Stability of Deformable Systems [in Russian], Nauka, Moscow (1967).
10. A. N. Guz’, Basics of 3D Stability Theory for Deformable Solids [in Russian], Vyssh. Shk., Kiev (1986).
11. L. S. Leibenzon, «Potential function approach to the stability of spherical and cylindrical shell structures,» USSR Academy of Sciences Transactions [in Russian], AN SSSR, Moscow (1951).
12. A. I. Ishlinskiy, «Stability of elastic bodies from the viewpoint of the mathematical elasticity theory,» Ukr. Matem. Zh., 3, No. 2 (1954).
13. A. I. Chanyshev, «Elasticity relations for rocks and deformational plasticity theory,» Journal of Mining Science, No. 1 (1986).
14. A. I. Chanyshev and I. M. Abdulin, « Characteristics and the relations on them at the stage of post-limit deformation in rocks,» Journal of Mining Science, No. 5 (2008).
15. S. A. Khristianovich and E. I. Shemyakin, «Plane deformation of plastic material subjected to complex loading,» Mekh. Tverd. Tela, No. 5 (1969).

MICROMECHANICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF KARNALLITE, SYLVINITE AND ROCK SALT AT UPPER KAMA DEPOSIT
V. N. Aptukov, S. A. Konstantinova, and A. P. Skachkov

The authors appraise the test measurements of elastic modulus and micro-hardness of sylvite, halite and carnallite grains on NanoTest-600 unit, and analyze micromechanical properties of grain boundaries in silvite and halite. An approximate estimator formula for yield stress has been derived based on the micro-hardness test data.

Sylvite, halite, carnallite, micromechanical characteristics, grains, grain boundaries, NanoTest-600 

REFERENCES
1. N. M. Proskuryakov, R. S. Permyakov, and A. K. Chernikov, Physico-Mechanical Properties of Salt Rocks [in Russian], Nedra, Leningrad (1973).
2. K. N. Trubetskoy, S. D. Viktorov, Yu. P. Alchenko, and V. N. Odintsev, «Mining-generated mineral nano-particles as an aspect of mineral development,» Vestnik RAN, 76, No. 4 (2006).
3. V. N. Aptukov, O. V. Zal’tszeiler, A. F. Merzlyakov, and A. P. Skachkov, «Comparative appraisal for strength and deformation characteristics of Upper Kama rock salt and sylvinite samples,» in: Geology and Technology Aspects of Comprehensive Mineral Development. Collection of Scientific Papers [in Russian], IGD UrO RAN, Issue 4(49), Ekaterinburg (2008).
4. W. C. Oliver and G. M. Pharr, «Improved technique for determining hardness and elastic modulus using load and displacement sensing indentation experiments,» Journal of Materials Research, No. 6 (1992).
5. I. M. Lifshits and L. N. Rozentsveig, «Theory of elastic properties of polycrystals,» Zh. Eksper. Teor. Fiz., 16, No. 11 (1946).
6. I. B. Vaulina, M. V. Gilev, S. A. Konstantinova, and A. F. Merzlyakov, «Test data on middle rock salt mechanics,» Gorn. Inform.-Analit. Byull., No. 12 (2007).
7. V. N. Aptukov, «Expansion of a spherical cavity in elastic-plastic medium under finite strains. Report I: Role of mechanical characteristics, free surface, lamination,» Probl. Prochn. No. 12 (1991).
8. L. M. Kachanov, Fundamentals of the Theory of Plasticity, North-Holland Pub. Co. (1971).

MODELING OF THE INCREMENTAL STRAIN SIGN-CHANGE EFFECT IN ROCKS UNDER COMPRESSION
Wang Mingyang, Qi Chengzhi, Qian Qihu, and Wu Hui

It is established experimentally that the incremental strain sign-change effect is observed in preliminarily damaged rock samples in the pre-failure zone under compression. The theory of continuous phase transition is employed to study this effect. The governing equation and its solution are derived. The numerical results obtained prove that this approach is good for adequate description of the sign-change effect for strain increments in rock samples under compression.

High compression state, strain increment sign-change effect, diffused phase transition

REFERENCES
1. E. I. Shemyakin, G. L. Fisenko, M. V. Kurlenya, V. N. Oparin, et al., «Zonal disintegration of rocks around underground workings. Part 1: Data of in situ observations,» Journal of Mining Science, 22, No. 3 (1986).
2. E. I. Shemyakin, G. L. Fisenko, M. V. Kurlenya, V. N. Oparin, et al., «Zonal disintegration of rocks around underground workings. Part II: Rock fracture simulated in equivalent materials,» Journal of Mining Science, 22, No. 4 (1986).
3. E. I. Shemyakin, G. L. Fisenko, M. V. Kurlenya, V. N. Oparin, et al., «Zonal disintegration of rocks around underground mines. Part III: Theoretical concepts,» Journal of Mining Science, 23, No. 1 (1987).
4. E. I. Shemyakin, G. L. Fisenko, M. V. Kurlenya, V. N. Oparin, et al., «Zonal disintegration of rocks around underground workings. Part IV: Practical applications,» Journal of Mining Science, 25, No. 4 (1989).
5. M. А. Guzev and V. V. Makarov, Deformation and Fracture of the Highly Stressed Rocks around Openings [in Russian], Dalnauka, Vladivostok (2007).
6. M. А. Guzev, V. V. Makarov, and F. F. Ushakov, «Modeling elastic behavior of compressed rock samples in the pre-failure zone,» Journal of Mining Science, 41, No. 6 (2005).
7. N. S. Adigamov and Ya. I. Rudaev, «Equation of state allowing for loss strength of material,» Journal of Mining Science, 35, No. 4 (1999).
8. Qi Chengzhi, Qian Qihu, and Wang Mingyang, «Evolution of the deformation and fracturing in rock masses near deep-level tunnels,» Journal of Mining Science, 45, No. 2 (2009).
9. L. D. Landau and E. M. Lifshits, Statistical Physics. Part I, Beijing World Publishing Corporation, Beijing (1999).
10. N. H. Asmar, Partial Differential Equations with Fourier Series and Boundary Value Problems, Second edition, Pearson Education (2005).
11. V. N. Nikolaevsky, Mechanics of Porous and Fractured Media, World Scientific, Singapore (1990).

THE COUPLING MODEL OF STRESS AND ELECTRICITY OF EME OF COAL OR ROCK
E. Y. Wang, X. Q. He, J. P. Wei, B. S. Nie, E. L. Zhao, and Z. T. Liu

Based on the coupling mechanism of stress and electricity of EME of coal or rock and the theory of statistic damage mechanics, the coupling model of stress and electricity of EME of coal or rock is established in this paper, which is modified by simulation study on Weibull morphological parameter m. Then this model becomes more accurate and useful. The value of m and EME of different coal or rock samples are simulated by using the modified coupling model of stress and electricity of EME of coal or rock. The simulation results of EME of coal or rock are consistent with experiment results, which have very important significance in numerical simulation of EME and homogeneity analysis of coal or rock.

EME, couple of stress and electricity, morphological parameter m, numerical simulation

REFERENCES
1. X. Q. He, E. Y. Wang, B. Sh. Nie, et al., Electromagnetic Dynamics of Coal or Rock Rheology [in Chinese], Science Press, Beijing (2003).
2. E. Y. Wang, «The effect of EME & AE during the fracture of coal containing gas and its application,» PhD Thesis [in Chinese], China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou (1977).
3. Department of Science and Technology of China Seismological Bureau, Anthology of Electromagnetic Wave Observation Before Earthquake and Experiment Study [in Chinese], Seismological Press (1989).
4. U. Nitsan, «Electromagnetic emission accompanying fracture of quartz-bearing rocks,» J. Geophysical Research Letters, 4, No. 8 (1977).
5. T. I. Shevtsov, N. I. Migunov et al., «Electrization of feldspar in deformation and fracture,» Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR, 225, No. 2 (1975).
6. M. B. Gokhberg, I. L. Gufel’d, et al., «Electromagnetic phenomena in fracturing in the earth crust» Fiz. Zemli, No. 1 (1985).
7. M. A. Sadovsky, Works of Earthquake Prediction in the Soviet Union [in Russian], Seismological Press, Moscow (1993).
8 Z. Q. Guo, J. H. You, et al., «The model of compressed atoms and electron emission of rock fracture,» Chinese J. Geophys. [in Chinese], 32, No. 2 (1989).
9. Y. Q. Zhu, X. L. Luo, et al., «A study of mechanism on electronic emission associated with rock facture,» Chinese J. Geophys. [in Chinese], 34, No. 5 (1991).
10. E. Y. Wang and X. Q. He, «Experiment study on electromagnetic radiation of coal or rock during deformation and fracture,» Chinese J.Geophys. [in Chinese], 43, No. 1 (2000).
11. B. Sh. Nie, «Study on the effect of stress & electricity and its mechanism of coal or rock containing gas,» PhD Thesis [in Chinese], China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou (2001).
12. J. P. Wei, «Study on forecasting mechanism and its applications of electromagnetic emission for mine coal or rock dynamic disaster,» PhD Thesis [in Chinese], China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou (2004).
13. Ch-An Tang, Catastrophe in Rock Unstable Failure [in Chinese], China Coal Industry Publishing House, Beijing (1993).
14. Zh. H. Chen, Ch-An Tang, X. H. Xu, et al., «Theoretical and experimental studies for Kaiser effect in rock,» The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals [in Chinese], 7, No. 1 (1997).
15. D. Q. Xu, X. Y. Shan, and Z. X. Zhen, «The analysis of rock acoustic emission characteristic under biaxial compressing using damnification mechanics,» Ground Pressure and Strata Control [in Chinese], No. 3 (2000).
16. 16. D. Krajcinovic and M. A. G. Silva, «Statistical aspects of the continuous damage theory,» J. Solid Structures, 18, No. 7 (1982).

ASSESSMENT OF OUTLIERS IN DEFORMATION CALCULATED FROM GEODESY OBSERVATION ON THE MINING AREAS
Andrzej Kwinta

An image of deformations on the areas over mining exploitation is highly disturbed. A series of natural and technological factors causes disturbances that can have accidental, systematic and outlying character. Before analyzing state of deformations the results should be filtered in order to eliminate the outliers. A main problem is to identify if a given value is an accidental disturbance or an outlier. The work presents statistical tests used for recognition of the outliers. The considerations are illustrated by practical computations for the horizontal strains obtained thanks to geodesic measurements on the area affected by underground mining activity.

Outliers, deformations, strain, analysis of measurements

REFERENCES
1. H. Kratzsch, Mining Subsidence Engineering, Springer (1983).
2. B. N. Whittaker and D. J. Reddish, Subsidence Occurrence, Prediction and Control, Elsevier (1989).
3. E. Popiołek, «Statistical dispersion of horizontal deformations of an area in the light of geodetic observations of the effects of mining exploitation,» Postdoctoral Degree Thesis [in Polish], AGH University of Science and Technology, Geodesy Publications, 44 (1976).
4. T. Stoch, «Impact of geological and mining conditions on stochastic processes of terrain surface deformation,» PhD Thesis [in Polish], AGH University of Science and Technology (2005).
5. B. A. Barry, Errors in Practical Measurement in Science, Engineering, and Technology, John Wiley & Sons (1978).
6. S. Knothe, Prediction of Influence of Mining Exploitation [in Polish], Śląsk (1984).
7. S. S. Peng, Surface Subsidence Engineering, Society for Mining, Metallurgy, and Exploration (1992).
8. Z. Niedojadło, A. Kwinta, and T. Stoch, «The usefulness of the existing levelling network in the Upper Silesia Coal Mining Area and the GPS techniques for the reference of the measurements of residual deformations in the area of liquidated mines,» Altbergbau-Kolloquium, 6 [in German], VGE Verlag GmbH (2006).
9 F. Morrison, The Art of Modeling Dynamic Systems: Forecasting for Chaos, Randomness, and Determinism, J. Wiley (1991).
10. R. Hejmanowski and A. Malinowska, «Evaluation of reliability of subsidence prediction based on spatial statistical analysis,» International Journal of Rock Mechanics & Mining Sciences, 46 (2009).
11. A. Kwinta, «Outlier identification method for horizontal strain on the mining areas,» Geomatics and Environmental Engineering Publications, 3, Issue 3, AGH University of Science and Technology (2009).
12. B. S. Everitt, Cambridge Dictionary of Statistics, Cambridge University Press (2002).
13. Hutchinson Pocket Dictionary of Maths, Helicon Publishing (2005).
14. D. Hawkins, Identification of Outliers, Chapman & Hall (1980).
15. R. Hejmanowski and A. Kwinta, «Implementation of GPS satelitary technique for monitoring of point displacements on mining areas,» Proceedings of the 2nd World Mining Environment Congress, 1 (1997).
16. J. R. Taylor, An Introduction to Error Analysis. The Study of Uncertainties in Physical Measurements, University Science Books (1997).
17. H. Lohninger, Teach/me-DATA Analysis, Springer (2002).
18. W. K. Michener and J. W. Brunt, Ecological Data: Design, Management, and Processing, Wiley-Blackwell (2000).
19. P. Konieczka and J. Namieśnik, Quality Assurance and Quality Control in the Analytical Chemical Laboratory: A Practical Approach, CRC Press (2009).

ROCK FAILURE

DAMAGE ACCUMULATION MODEL FOR SOLIDS AND THE CATASTROPHY PREDICTION FOR LARGE-SCALE OBJECTS
V. S. Kuksenko, Kh. F. Makhmudov, and B. Ts. Manzhikov

The failure concentration criterion has been approved in the laboratory tests of polymeric, composite and natural materials. It is of interest to check its applicability to larger scale objects, in particular, rocks, where prediction of catastrophic situation is a topical problem. In terms of a rockburst-hazardous mine in the area of Severouralsk town, based on the seismic event database collected by the local seismic service station for more than 30 years, the authors have analyzed the available information from the viewpoint of the concentration criterion of a destruction source formation. The paper illustrates workability of the criterion to revealing a rockburst source and predicting a strong rockburst in complex underground conditions.

Fracturing, seismicity, seismic energy, concentration parameter, focus, mine, forecasting

REFERENCES
1. S. N. Zhurkov, «Kinetic concept of strength of solids,» Vestn. AN SSSR, No. 3 (1968).
2. S. N. Zhurkov, V. S. Kuksenko, and A. I. Slutsker, «Failure micromechanics of polymeric materials,» Probl. Prochn., No. 2 (1971).
3. S. N. Zhurkov, V. S. Kuksenko, V. A. Petrov, et al., «Rock failure prediction.» Izv. AN SSSR. Fiz. Zemli, No. 6 (1977).
4. M. A. Sadovsky, «Natural lumpiness of rocks,» Dokl. Akad. Nauk, 247, No. 4 (1979).
5. S. G. Avershin, Rockbursts [in Russian], Ugletekhizdat, Moscow (1954).
6. M. A. Sadovsky and V. F. Pisarenko, Seismic Process in a Block-Structure Medium [in Russian], Nauka, Moscow (1991).
7. I. P. Dobrovol’sky, Theory of Evolution of a Tectonic Earthquake [in Russian], IFZ AN SSSR, Moscow (1991).
8. K. A. Voinov, A. S. Krakov, V. S. Lomakin, and N. I. Khalevin, «Seismology exploration of North-Ural Bauxite Mine fields,» Izv. AN SSSR. Fiz. Zemli, No. 10 (1987).
9. M. A. Sadosvky, L. G. Bolkhovitinov, and V. F. Pisarenko, Geophysical Medium Deformation and The Seismic Process [in Russian], Nauka, Moscow (1987).
10. B. Ts. Manzhikov, «Induced seismicity and rockburst hazard in mines,» Synopsis of Thesis of Dr. in Physics and Mathematics [in Russian], Bishkek (1997).

MINERAL MINING TECHNOLOGY

DYNAMIC OPTIMIZATION MODEL FOR MINING EQUIPMENT REPAIR BY USING THE SPARE-PARTS INVENTORY
Darko Louit, Rodrigo Pascual, and Andrew Jardine

We present the dynamic control system for the service rate in an M/M/1 queuing system, to optimize the inventory of critical repairable spare components for a fleet of mobile equipment in presence of an adjustable single server repair facility, namely, the repair rate can be expedited or slowed down. We consider the normal and expedited rates, when the faster repair rate implies higher repair costs. The repair rate selection depends on the number of units in operational condition; actual operating units plus stock on hand is generated at the moment of demand for a spare. The resulting optimal policy is to minimize the expected cost per unit time for the inventory system in the long run.

Stochastic processes, dynamic control, spare parts, expedited repair, inventory, queueing

REFERENCES
1. G. D. Sccuder, «An evaluation of overtime policies for a repair shop,» J. Oper. Manag., No. 6 (1985).
2. A. Sleptchenko, M. C. van der Heijden, and A. van Harten, «Trade-off between inventory and repair capacity in spare parts networks,» J. Oper. Res. Soc., 54 (2003).
3. M. J. Carrillo, «Extensions of Palm’s theorem: a review,» Manag. Sci., 37 (1991).
4. A. K. S. Jardine and A. H. C. Tsang, Maintenance, Replacement and Reliability: Theory and Applications, CRC Press, Boca Raton (2006).
5. J. R. Bradley, «Optimal control of a dual service rate M/M/1 production-inventory model,» Eur. J. Oper. Res., 161 (2005).
6. J. M. George and J. M. Harrison, «Dynamic control of a queue with adjustable service rate,» Oper. Res., 49 (2001).
7. S. Stidham and R. R. Weber, «Monotonic and insensitive optimal policies for control queues with undiscounted costs,» Oper. Res., 37 (1989).
8. T. B. Crabill, «Optimal control of a maintenance system with variable service rates,» Oper. Res., 22 (1974).
9. R. A. Howard, Dynamic Programming and Markov Processes, M. I. T. Press, Cambridge (1960).
10. M. L. Puterman, Markov Decision Processes: Discrete Stochastic Dynamic Programming, Wiley, New York (1994).
11. D. Louit, D. Banjevic, and A. K. S. Jardine, «Optimization models for critical spare parts inventories — a reliability approach,» submitted to Eur. J. Oper. Res., available upon request (2005).

EFFICIENCY OF SINGLE PASS LONGWALL (SPL) METHOD IN CAYIRHAN COLLIERY, ANKARA/TURKEY
F. Şimşir and M. K. Őzfırat

Longwall mining is the underground coal mining method mostly used in Turkey. Most of the collieries in the country produce coal from thick coal seams. The three methods mainly used worldwide in thick coal seams are longwall top coal caving (LTCC), multi-slice longwall (MSL), and, single pass longwall (SPL) methods. As shearer-loaders and roof supports get larger in size, the SPL method has started to be used widely both in Turkey and all over the world. In Turkey, ParkTeknik Co., a private mining company, has an important place among the many collieries in Turkey as it is the first mine which started applying the SPL method in a thick coal seam having a total thickness of 4.2 m including a soft dirt band which is between 50 — 80 cm thick. In this paper, the performance of the longwall using the SPL method at the ParkTeknik’s Cayirhan colliery is examined for a period of six months. Face and overall productivities are analyzed by taking into account labor and breakdown figures. The results showed that the mine operates at the level, or even higher, of international standards.

Single pass longwall, thick coal seam, colliery, efficiency

REFERENCES
1. H. Kose, S. Senkal, and A. Akozel, «Is the caving method application in longwall mining which are most commonly used in Turkish thick coal seams economical?» in: Proceedings of the 11th Turkish Scientific and Technical Mining Congress [in Turkish], Ankara (1989).
2. B. K. Hebblewhite, «Review of Chinese thick seam underground coal mining practice,» The Australian Coal Review, Issue 10 (2000).
3. (http://www.australiancoal.csiro.au/articles_mining.html)
4. B. K. Hebblewhite, A. Simonis, and Y. J. Cai, «Technology and feasibility of potential underground thick seam mining methods,» School of Mining Engineering, UNSW/CMTE ACARP Project C8009, Final Report UMRC 2/02, ISBN 0 7334 1945 3 (2002).
5. B. K. Hebblewhite, «Status and prospects of underground thick coal seam mining methods,» in: Proceedings of the 19th International Mining Congress and Fair of Turkey, IMCET 2005, Izmir, Turkey (2005).
6. Y. Aydin and Y. Kaygusuz, «Evaluation of single-slice and twin-face operations of Cayirhan lignite seams,» in: Proceedings of the 17th International Mining Congress and Exhibition of Turkey, IMCET 2001, ISBN 975–395–417–4, Ankara, Turkey (2001).
7. S. Por, "Investigation of "C" sector of ParkTeknik Co.," Undergraduate Thesis [in Turkish], D. E. U. Engineering Faculty Mining Engineering Department, Izmir (2002).
8. S. S. Peng and H. S. Chiang, Longwall Mining, John Wiley& Sons Inc. (1984).

SCIENCE OF MINING MACHINES

EXPLORATION, DEGASSING, AND SERVICE HOLE DRILL RIG SBR-400 
V. I. Klishin, D. I. Kokoulin, B. Kubanychbek, and A. P. Gurtenko

The authors validate the demand of a drill rig for deep exploration, degassing and other kind hole drilling in coal and hard rocks, and present a new-developed drill rig, its design and operation principles, as well as describe its in situ testing results.

Drill rig, in situ stand, coal-and-cement block, starting bit with change teeth, drilling speed, pulldown

REFERENCES
1. I. D. Safokhin, N. M. Bogomolov, A. M. Skornyakov, and M. S. Tsekhin, Hole Drilling Machines and Instruments for Coal Mines [in Russian], Nedra, Moscow (1985).
2. V. N. Plotnikov, D. I. Kokoulin, and Yu. S. Fokin, «Drill rig for degassing, moist and other service boreholes,» Ugol, No. 7 (2002).
3. V. I. Klishin, D. I. Kokoulin, and Yu. S. Fokin, «Advance in the field of drilling equipment for coal mines,» Ugol, No. 4 (2007).
4. V. V. Lyukhanov and S. B. Alferov, «Underground drilling machines,» Gorn. Promysh., No. 1 (2009).
5. S. Kh. Kloryak’yan, V. V. Starichneva, M. A. Srebny, et al., Mine Machines and Equipment Reference Guide [in Russian], MGGU, Moscow (1994).
6. V. I. Klishin, D. I. Kokoulin, P. I. Gurtenko, and A. P. Gurtenko, «Russian Federation Patent No. 88058. Drill rig,» Byull. Izobret., No. 30 (2009).
7. O. D. Alimov, I. G. Belov, V. F. Gorbunov, and D. N. Malikov, Drilling Machines [in Russian], Gosgortekhizdat, Moscow (1960).
8. «Golden» exploration drilling rig," Ugol, No. 9 (2009).

RING-SHAPE ELASTIC VALVE IN THE AIR PERCUSSION MACHINES
A. M. Petreev, D. S. Vorontsov, and A. Yu. Primychkin

The authors discuss general schemes of air percussion machines equipped with ring-shape elastic valves, substantiate parameters of an elastic valve calculation model, derive relations for the valve sizes, material characteristics and actuation pressure, as well as present results of experimental estimate for the behavior of a material the valve is made of.

Elastic valve, elastomer, air distribution, air percussion machine, calculation scheme

REFERENCES
1. V. A. Gaun, «Author’s Certificate No. 48615. Air percussion mechanism,» Byull. Izobret., No. 27 (1981).
2. V. A. Gaun, «Development and analysis of higher blow energy downhole pneumatic punchers,» in: Improving Efficiency of Air Percussion Drilling Machines [in Russian], IGD SO AN SSSR, Novosibirsk (1987).
3. V. N. Vlasov and Zh. G. Mukhin, «Author’s Certificate No. 685584. Pneumatic vibrator,» Byull. Izobret., No. 34 (1979).
4. V. V. Chervov, V. V. Trubitsyn, B. N. Smolyanitsky, and I. E. Veber, «Russian Federation Patent No. 2105881. Impacting device,» Byull. Izobret., No. 6 (1998).
5. A. M. Petreev and B. N. Smolyanitsky, «Coordinating the parameters of an air hammer with the capacity of the power source,» Journal of Mining Science, No. 2 (1999).
6. B. N. Smolyanitsky, V. V. Chervov, and K. B. Skachkov, «New impacting machines developed at the Institute of Mining, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences,» Mekhaniz. Stroit., No. 12 (2001).
7. Science-and-Production Co. Grundomash, Russian Federation Patent No. 2232242. Air Percussion Device, Available at: http://www1.fips.ru/wps/wcm/connect/content_ru/ru.
8. S. P. Timoshenko, Vibrations in Engineering [in Russian], Nauka, Moscow (1967).
9. D. L. Fedyukin (Ed.), Using Rubber Mechanical Articles in Economics. Reference Aid [in Russian], Khimia, Moscow (1986).
10. A. I. Golubev and L. A. Kondakova, Seals and Sealing Techniques. Reference Book [in Russian], Mashinostroenie, Moscow (1986).
11. F. Anglani, Harpoon Guns. Ballistic Comparison. Part I. Available at: www.apox.ru.
12. V. A. Lepetov and L. N. Yurtsev, Calculation and Design of Rubber Articles [in Russian], Khimia, Leningrad (1987).

OPTIMAL DYNAMIC MANAGEMENT OF EXPLOITATION LIFE OF THE MINING MACHINERY: MODELS WITH UNDEFINED INTERVAL
S. Vujic, I. Miljanovic, S. Maksimovic, A. Milutinovic, T. Benovic, M. Hudej, B. Dimitrijevic, V. Cebasek, and G. Gajic

The paper is focused on the problem of determining the optimal exploitation life of the long-lasting mining machinery, such as bucket-wheel excavators, excavators with one working element of large capacity, spreaders, self-propelled transporters, conveyor belts and similar machinery. A concept of approach is presented, and an application of the dynamic model with the undefined interval is given by using the example of the bucket-wheel excavator. The paper concludes with observations and assessments regarding the subject matter.

Bucket-wheel excavators, machinery exploitation life, optimization, operations research, replacement theory, dynamic programming

REFERENCES
1. S. Vujic, et al., The Study on Establishing the Exploitation Life of Capital Mining Equipment at Coal Open Pit Mines of the Electric Power Industry of Serbia [in Serbian], Faculty of Mining and Geology, University of Belgrade (2002).
2. R. Bellman and R. Kalaba, Dynamic Programming and Modern Control. Theory, Academic Press, New York (1966).
3. R. Stanojevic, Dynamic Programming [in Serbian], The Institute of Economy, Belgrade (2004).
4. S. Vujic, R. Stanojevic, et al., Methods for Optimization of Mining Machinery Exploitation Life [in Serbian], Academy of Engineering Sciences of Serbia and Montenegro, Belgrade (2004).
5. D. A. Wismer and R. Chattergy, Introduction to Nonlinear Optimization, a Problem Solving Approach, North-Holland, New York, Amsterdam (1978).
6. S. Vujic and G. Cirovic, «Production planning in mines using fuzzy linear programming,» Yugoslav Journal of Operations Research, 6, No. 2 (1996).
7. A. Bather, J., Decision Theory: An Introduction to Dynamic Programming and Sequential Decisions, John Wiley&Sons (2000).
8. S. Vjic, et al., «Estimation of optimum exploitation life of bucket wheel excavator: through the prism of dynamic programming,» in: Proceedings of the 31st International Symposium on Computer Applications in the Minerals Industry, The South African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, Cape Town (2003).

MINE AERODYNAMICS

CIRCULATORY AIR RINGS AND THEIR INFLUENCE ON AIR DISTRIBUTION IN SHALLOW SUBWAYS
A. M. Krasyuk, I. V. Lugin, and S. A. Pavlov

The authors inform on the results of mathematical modeling of shallow tunnel ventilation air distribution, indicate air flows at the underground station platforms due to the plunger effect of moving trains, and analyze air circulation generated nearby the stations when trains approach or pull out.

Subway, tunnel ventilation, plunger effect, air distribution

REFERENCES
1. A. M. Krasyuk and I. V. Lugin, «Investigation of the dynamics of air flows generated by the disturbing action of trains in the Metro,» Journal of Mining Science, No. 6 (2007).
2. A. M. Krasyuk, Subway Tunnel Ventilation [in Russian], Nauka, Novosibirsk (2006).
3. A. S. Kuznetsov and S. M. Lukin, «Ventilation network air distribution calculation with the flow algorithms,» Journal of Mining Science, No. 5 (1989).
4. A. M. Krasyuk, I. V. Lugin, and A. N. Chigishev, «Inter-influence of ventilation regimes at the station platforms of a subway line,» Metro Tonneli, No. 2 (2002).
5. A. M. Krasyuk, I. V. Lugin, and S. A. Pavlov, «Mathematical modeling of a subway ventilation net air distribution, including the plunger effect of trains,» Gorn. Inform.-Analit. Byull., Subject Appendix: Aerologia, MGGU, Moscow (2009).

MINERAL DRESSING

FLOTATION AS THE SUBJECT-MATTER OF SUPRAMOLECULAR CHEMISTRY
A. V. Kurkov and I. V. Pastukhova

The authors offer a new, nanotechnology-based concept of flotation. The article discusses noncovalent interaction between functional groups of the organic phosphorus collector Phosphenox at an interphase, which results in the supramolecular self-assemblage of stable nanostructures. The ways to reaching complementariness of the collector and active site of a mineral surface are indicated with the aim to improving selectivity of mineral separation.

Flotation, organic phosphorus collector, supramolecular chemistry, nanotechnology, complementariness, receptor, substrate, self-assembly, associate, hydrogen bonds, hydrophobic interactions, flotation agent

REFERENCES
1. B. D. Summ, «Objects and methods of the colloid chemistry in nanochemistry,» Uspekhi Khim., 69, No. 11 (2000).
2. Nanomineralogy, Ultra and Micro-Dispersion State of a Mineral Substance [in Russian], Nauka, Saint Petersburg (2005).
3. V. A. Chanturia, K. N. Trubetskoy, S. D. Viktorov, and N. Zh. Bunin, Nanoparticles in the Processes of Fracture and Opening of Geomaterials [in Russian], IPKON RAN, Moscow (2006).
4. N. M. Chernyshov, S. P. Molotkov, S. V. Petrov, et al., «Distribution and occurrence of platinoids and gold in ferruginous quartzites at the Mikhailovsky deposit of the Kursk Magnetic Anomaly,» Geolog. Razvedka, No. 5 (2003).
5. N. S. Bekturganov, Yu. P. Eremin, A. A. Zharmenov, and V. G. Zagainov, «Nanotechnology aspects in flotation» Promysh. Kazakh., No. 1 (2006).
6. V. I. Roldugin, «Self-organization of nanoparticles at interphases,» Uspekhi Khim., 73, No. 2 (2004).
7. Jean-Marie Lehn, Supramolecular Chemistry: Concepts and Perspectives, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim (1995).
8. Yu. I. Tarasevich, «Structure of water boundary layers in mineral dispersion,» in: Surface Forces and Boundary Layers in Liquids [in Russian], Nauka, Moscow (1983).
9. A. V. Kurkov, «Hydrophobic flocculation: link with the selectivity in the conditions of non-sulfide flotation system,» Gorn. Inform.-Analit. Byull., No. 11 (2006).
10. A. I. Rusanov, Micell Formation in Aqueous Solutions of Surface Active Substances [in Russian], Khimia, Saint Petersburg (1992).
11. I. N. Evdokimov and A. P. Losev, Oil-and-Gas Nanotechnologies Toward Oil and Gas Field Development and Exploitation. Part VI: Kinds of Nanotechnologies — Forced Assembly of Atom and Molecular Structures and Nano-Self-Assembly. Educational Aid [in Russian], Gubkin’s Russian State University of Oil and Gas, Moscow (2008).
12. A. V. Kurkov, «New regulatory options in selectivity of non-sulfide mineral flotation,» Gorn. Inform.-Analit. Byull., No. 5 (2000).
13. M. V. Koval’chuk, V. V. Klechkovskaya, and L. A. Feigin, «The Langmuir-Blongett molecular technique,» Priroda, No. 12 (2003).
14. A. V. Kurkov, V. V. Shatalov, and I. V. Pastukhova, «On certain aspects of controlling selectivity of non-sulfide mineral flotation,» in: Proceedings of the 21st International Mineral Processing Congress, Elsevier Science B. V. (2000).
15. A. V. Kurkov and I. V. Pastukhova, «Russian Federation Patent No. 2319550. Flotation collector for fluorite ores,» Byull. Izobret., No. 8 (2008).
16. A. V. Kurkov and I. V. Pastukhova, «Russian Federation Patent No. 2381073. Flotation technique for rare metal ores and tin,» Byull. Izobret., No. (2010).

INNOVATIVE PROCESSING AND HYDROMETALLURGICAL TREATMENT METHODS FOR COMPLEX ANTIMONY ORES AND CONCENTRATES. PART II: HYDROMETALLURGY OF COMPLEX ANTIMONY ORES
P. M. Solozhenkin and A. N. Alekseev

The article presents results of hydrometallurgical and bio-treatment of antimony ores and recommend new dissolvents for antimony sulfides. The authors introduce a processing plant which is a single operating processor of antimonic gold-bearing alloys with the successful electrolytic refining of anodes and production of cathode antimony and noble metal slurry in Russian Federation.

Antimony ore, antimonite dissolvents, industrial gold-bearing alloy treatment

REFERENCES
1. S. M. Mel’nikov (Ed.), Antimony [in Russian], Metallurgia, Moscow (1977).
2. Zhao Tian-cong, The Metallurgy of Antimony, Central South University of Technology Press (1988).
3. P. M. Solozhenkin, «Environmental issues and new trends in sustainable utilization of antimony ores and concentrates,» Nauch. Tekhn. Asp. Okhr. Okr. Sredy, Obzory VINITY, No. 2 (2006).
4. P. M. Solozhenkin and E. V. Bondarenko, «Extraction of antimony trioxide from gold-antimony concentrates by new solutioners,» in: Proceedings of the 8th Conference on Environment and Mineral Processing, VSB-TU Ostrava (2004).
5. P. M. Solozhenkin, «Compound antimony ore processing technology in China,» in: Base Metals Ores Processing. Survey Information [in Russian], Issue I, TsNIITsvetment Economics and Information, Moscow (1992).
6. S. Ubaldini, F. Veglio, P. Fornari, and C. Abbruzzese, «Process flow-sheet for gold and antimony recovery from stibnite,» Hydrometallurgy, 57, No. 3 (2000).
7. P. M. Solozhenkin, S. V. Usova, T. N. Aknazarova, and R. R. Fazylova, «Direct treatment technology for roasted products for obtaining antimony-based pigments,» Tsvet. Metally, No. 1 (1994).
8. P. M. Solozhenkin, «The technology of direct processing of antimony calcines for obtaining of antimony pigments,» in: Proceeding of the 19th IMPC (1995).
9. P. M. Solozhenkin, «Methods of antimony-arsenic ores and concentrates processing,» Tsvet. Metally, No. 7 (1997).
10. P. M. Solozhenkin, V. P. Nebera, and I. G. Abdulmanov, «The technology of direct processing of antimony-bearing materials for obtaining of antimony compounds,» in: Proceedings of the 20th IMPC, Aachen (1997).
11. P. M. Solozhenkin, «Advance in beneficiation and processing of gold-antimony ores and concentrates in permafrost area of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia),» in: The 21st Century Bulletin. Mining and Metallurgical Section: Mineral Exploration, Exploitation and Processing. Collected Works Toward the 15th Anniversary of the Russian Academy of Natural Sciences [in Russian], Moscow (2005).
12. P. M. Solozhenkin, «Gold-antimony ores and concentrates dressing and treatment,» in: Advanced Integrated Processing Technologies for Mineral Raw Materials [in Russian], V. A. Chanturia (Ed.), Ruda Metally Publishing House, Moscow (2008).
13. P. M. Solozhenkin, E. V. Bondarenko, and G. M. Panchenko, «Тhe complex antimony ores dressing and following concentrates processing in Russia,» in: Proceedings of the 14th IMPC (2008).
14. EP 0 806 487A1 C22 B30/02, C25 C1/22, «Extraction of antimony from sulfide ores by alkaline leaching, recovery of elemental sulfur and electrowinning antimony from fluoborate solution,» Bulletin 1997/46, Olper, Marco (1997).
15. R. J. Hisshion and C. C. Waller, «Recovering gold with thiourea,» Mining Mag., 151, No. 3 (1984).
16. P. M. Solozhenkin, «Тechnology for the processing of antimony and gold bearing alloys for the gold base metal alloy and antimony production,» in: Proceedings of the 37th International October Conference on Mining and Metallurgy, Bor Lake, Serbia and Montenegro (2005).
17. E. P. Zhirkov, P. M. Solozhenkin, and G. I. Baltukhaev, «Multipurpose use of gold-antimony ores and concentrates,» in: Modern Problems in Integrated Processing of Natural and Human and Industry-Generated Materials. International Conference Proceedings (Plaksin’s Readings) [in Russian], Alteks, Saint-Petersburg (2005).
18. C. Y. Wang, D. F. P. H. Qiu, and Jiang, «Technological research on complicated antimony-lead concentrate slurry electrolysis,» in: Proceedings of the 24th IMPC (2008).
19. P. M. Solozhenkin and N. N. Lyalikova-Medvedeva. «Biotechnology of concentrate and antimony ore processing,» Journal of Mining Science, 37, No. 5 (2001).
20. V. P. Nebera, P. M. Solozhenkin, and N. N. Lyalikova-Medvedeva, «Biomodification of mineral surfaces in mineral processing and hydrometallurgy,» in: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Mining, Petroleum and Metallurgical Engineering (MPM’7-Assiut), Egypt (2001).
21. P. M. Solozhenkin, «Biohydrometallurgy of the antimony gold-bearing ores and concentrates,» in: Proceedings of the International Symposium Universitaria ROPET 2003 Romania, Petrosani (2003).
22. P. M. Solozhenkin, V. P. Nebera, and I. G. Abdulmanov, «Sulfate- reducing bacteria in mineral processing and hydrometallurgy,» in: Innovations in Mineral and Coal Processing. Proceedings of the 7th International Mineral Processing Symposium, Suna Atak, Guven Onal, Mehmet Sabri Celik A. A. (Eds.), Balkema/Rotterdam/ Brookfield (1998).
23. F. I. Karavaiko, G. V. Sedel’nikova, R. Ya. Aslanukov, et al., «Gold and silver biohydrometallurgy,» Tsvet. Metally, No. 8 (2000).
24. A. V. Kazdobin, P. M. Solozhenkin, T. V. Bashlykova, and A. B. Zhivaya, «Biotechnology in processing of antimony ores and gold-antimony concentrates,» in: Modern Assessment of Processing Behavior of Rebellious and Non-Conventional Minerals, Noble Metals, and Diamonds, and the Advanced Processing Techniques. International Conference Proceedings (Plaksin’s Readings) [in Russian], Alteks, Moscow (2004).
25. P. M. Solozhenkin, «Biotechnology and antimony ores processing,» in: The Republican Scientific-and-Practical Conference [in Russian], Yakutsk (2003).
26. V. K. Sovmen, V. N. Gus’kov, A. V. Bely, et al., Bacterial Oxidation Treatment of Gold-Bearing Ores in the Extreme North Conditions [in Russian], Nauka, Novosibirsk (1991).
27. P. M. Solozhenkin and E. V. Bondarenko, "Hydrometallurgical treatment of compound antimony concentrates and antimony-based pigments production, in: Chemical Science and Processing of Mineral Complexes, and Material Synthesis. Proceedings of the Russian Science and Technology Conference in Partnership with Foreign Sciences [in Russian], Kola Scientific Center, Apatity (2008).
38. P. M. Solozhenkin, B. M. Mil’man, and N. V. Vorob’ev-Desyatovsky, «Influence of compounds of lead (II) on gold dissolution rate,» Zh. Obshch. Khim., No. 1 (2007).
29. E. V. Bondarenko and P. M. Solozhenkin, «Prospects of agitation and heap leaching of complex antimony ores,» in: Proceedings of the 4th Congress of Preparators in the Commonwealth of Independent States Countries [in Russian], Alteks, Moscow (2007).
30. P. M. Solozhenkin and E. V. Bondarenko, «Integrated utilization of antimony ores in Transbaikalia area. Priorities and features of the Baikal Region development,» in: Proceedings of the 3rd International Scientific-and-Practical Conference Dedicated to the Year of Planet Earth and to the 85th Anniversary of the Republic of Buryatia [in Russian], BNTs SO RAN, Ulan-Ude (2008).

DIFFUSION MECHANISM OF THE SURFACTANT-FORMED ADSORPTION LAYER AT THE SOLUTION AND AIR INTERFACE
V. V. Kudryashov

The author describes mechanism of arrival of a surfactant at the solution and air interface based on the Brownian diffusion of molecules in a medium with increasing viscosity nearer to the interface. The article explains features of the adsorption layer formation times with molecules of ionizable and non-ionizable wetters, and estimates the adsorption layer formation time versus temperature of the solution and addition of electrolyte.

Adsorption, molecules, surfactant, surface, air, solution, diffusion, viscosity

REFERENCES
1. L. D. Voronina, V. V. Kudryashov, and M. K. Shurinova, «Assessment of wetter solutions in dust control in dynamic conditions,» in: Gas Emission and Dust Control in Mines [in Russian], Nauka, Moscow (1972).
2. V. A. Chanturia and R. Sh. Shafeev, Chemistry of Surface Phenomena in Flotation [in Russian], Nedra, Moscow (1977).
3. A. W. Adamson and A. P. Gast, Physical Chemistry of Surfaces, Wiley-Interscience, New York (1997).
4. A. M. Gauden, «Saline flotation. Progress and problems present a challenge,» Engineering and Mining Journal, 157 (1956).
5. K. Shinoda, T. Nakagawa, B. Tamamusi, and T. Isemura, Colloidal Surfactants, Academic Press, New York (1963).
6. D. Netzel., G. Hoch, and T. Marx, «Adsorption studies of surfactants at the liquid-vapor interface: apparatus and method for rapidly determining the dynamic surface tension,» J. of Colloid Science, 5 (1964).
7. A. A. Trapeznikov, «Surface viscosity and its measurement methods,» in: Viscosity of Liquids and Colloidal Solutions [in Russian], AN SSSR, Moscow-Leningrad (1941).
8. B. V. Deryagin and M. M. Samygin, «Viscosity measurement in thin polymolecular layers of liquid,» in: Viscosity of Liquids and Colloidal Solutions [in Russian], AN SSSR, Moscow-Leningrad (1941).
9. V. V. Kudryashov, Scientific Basics for Hydraulic Dust Control in Mines in the North [in Russian], Nauka, Moscow (1984).
10. V. F. Skorokhodov, «Theory and practice advance in mineral separation in activated aqueous dispersions of air and the new flotation technique development,» Synopsis of Dr.Eng. Thesis [in Russian], Moscow (2003).

NEW METHODS AND INSTRUMENTS IN MINING

MODERNIZED ELECTROMAGNETIC EMISSION CONTROL SYSTEM FOR UNIAXIAL TESTING OF ROCKS
V. N. Oparin, A. G. Vostretsov, A. V. Krivetsky, A. A. Bizyaev, and G. E. Yakovitskaya

The article describes the improved three-channel automated measurement system AMS-2 intended to control electromagnetic emission in the course of uniaxial compression tests of rock samples, by joint recording of loads, displacements and the concurrent EME in the samples. The cited results of the system’s check tests are indicative of its efficiency.

Automated three-channel measurement system, displacements, electromagnetic emission, test check, rock sample, uniaxial compression

REFERENCES
1. V. N. Oparin, A. P. Tapsiev, M. A. Rozenbaum, et al., Zonal Disintegration in Rocks and the Stability of Underground Openings [in Russian], SO RAN, Novosibirsk (2008).
2. V. N. Oparin, A. D. Sashurin, G. I. Kulakov, et al., Contemporary Geodynamics of the Upper Crust Rocks: Sources, Parameters and Influence [in Russian], SO RAN, Novosibirsk (2008).
3. M. V. Kurlenya, A. G. Vostretsov, G. I. Kulakov, and G. E. Yakovitskaya, Electromagnetic Emission Recording and Processing [in Russian], SO RAN, Novosibirsk (2000).
4. G. A. Sobolev and A. V. Ponomarev, Earthquakes: Physics and Premonitory Symptoms [in Russian], Nauka, Moscow (2003).
5. M. B. Gokhberg (Ed.), Questing Electromagnetic Premonitory Symptoms [in Russian], IFZ AN SSSR, Moscow (1988).
6. G. E. Yakovitskaya, Limiting State Diagnosis Methods and Equipment Based on Electromagnetic Emission in Rocks [in Russian], Parallel, Novosibirsk (2008).
7. V. N. Oparin and B. F. Simonov, «Nonlinear deformation-wave processes in the vibrational oil geotechnologies,» Journal of Mining Science, No. 2 (2010).
8. A. N. Stavrogin and A. G. Protosenya, Very Deep Rock Mass Strength and Mine Working Stability [in Russian], Nedra, Moscow (1985).
9. P. V. Egorov, V. V. Ivanov, and L. A. Kolpakova, «Patterns in the electromagnetic pulsed radiation of alkali halide crystals and rocks,» Journal of Mining Science, No. 1 (1988).
10. V. N. Loginov, Electric Measurements of Mechanical Values [in Russian], Energia, Moscow (1976).
11. I. S. Tomashevskaya and Ya. N. Khamidulin, «Failure indications in rock samples,» Fiz. Zemli, No. 5 (1972).
12. I. R. Stakhovsky, «Deformation forerunners of destruction of large rock samples,» Fiz. Zemli, No. 10 (1983).
13. I. R. Stakhovsky, «Fracturing and surface deformations on a rock sample surface in the area of an incipient shearing rupture,» Fiz. Zemli, No. 5 (1988).
14. Lijun Han and Mijia Yang, «Re-fracture process and mechanical characteristics of cracked rock samples,» International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, 46, No. 4 (2009).
15. M. A. Guzev and V. V. Makarov, Deformation and Collapse of Heavily Compressed Rocks around Mine Workings [in Russian], Dalnauka, Vladivostok (2007).

NUMERICAL MODELING OF GEORADAR SIGNAL REFLECTION FROM. A. CONDUCTING OBJECT
E. V. Denisova and S. Yu. Gavrilov

Based on the presented results of numerical modeling of electromagnetic signal sent by a georadar and reflected by an underground object, it is shown that electromagnetic properties of the ground and the frequency of a transmitter influence the reflected signal parameters. The offered mathematical modeling procedure is of use to interpreting experimental data as it allows simulating reflection of any georadar signal in a media with any dielectric parameters.

Electromagnetic properties of ground, georadar, effective reflex surface, reflected signal

REFERENCES
1. M. L. Vladov and A. V. Starovoitov, The Introduction to Geo Radio Positioning [in Russian], MGGU, Moscow (2005).
2. S. P. Pan’ko, «Super wideband radio positioning,» Zarub. Radioel., No. 9 (1981).
3. A. G. Andreev, L. V. Zaentsev, and V. V. Yakovlev, «Radiowave subsurface sounding systems,» Zarub. Radioel., No. 2 (1991).
4. M. P. Dolukhanov, Radiowave Propagation [in Russian], Gos. Izd. Lit. Vopr. Svyazi Radio, Moscow (1960).
5. A. Yu. Grinev (Ed.), Issues on Near-Surface Detection. Multi-Author Book [in Russian], Rasdiotekhnika, Moscow (2005).
6. A. D. Ruban, Yu. N. Baukov, and V. L. Shkuratnik, «Mining geophysics. electrometric geocontrol techniques. Part 3,» in: High-Frequency Electromagnetic Methods. Study Guide [in Russian], MGGU, Moscow (2002).
7. E. V. Denisova and S. Yu. Gavrilov, «Mathematical model of interaction between the localization system of an underground pneumatic drift punch and a long pipeline,» Journal of Mining Science, No. 3 (2009).
8. R. M. Sedletsky, «Effective scattering area of simplest shape and perfect conducting bodies in complex permeability media,» Zh. Radioel., No. 9 (2001).

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